基础词汇 : 看单词选词义(考) - 9
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(1) The world's resources are rapidly diminishing.
(2) His influence has diminished with time.
(3) Our efforts were producing diminishing returns (= we achieved less although we spent more time or money) .
diminish
[dɪˈmɪnɪʃ]
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adj.愉快的,快活的;有趣的;[口]微醉的;生动的;
n.甜樱桃;梅里(姓氏);
n.改革,改良,改造;改正;
vt.& vi.改善;
vt.改革;重组;
vi.重组;
adj.改革的;
vt.(使)减少,缩小;减弱…的权势;[乐]减半音;
vi.变小或减少;逐渐变细;
adj.温柔的;温暖的;轻微的;(味道)不浓的;
n.淡味麦芽啤酒;
(1) He tried to vanquish his fears.
(2) His success vanquish his fears.
(3) Gao Taigong asks Wang Tianshi a Sorcerer to vanquish this demon.
vanquish
[ˈvæŋkwɪʃ]
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vt.<文>征服;战胜;克服;抑制;
adj.凶猛的,残忍的;猛烈的;狂热的;
n.否认,否定;克制;拒绝,拒绝接受;
n.财产,遗产,房地产;个人财产;不动产权;(较高的)社会地位;
adj.(汽车)连箱的(拥有较长的车身和后门,后座后面有较大的空间);
(1) wild/savage/ferocious beasts
(2) mythical beasts such as unicorns and dragons
(3) The maths exam was a real beast.
beast
[bi:st]
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n.野兽;人面兽心的人;讨厌的人(或事物);老顽固,坏蛋;
n.仆人,佣人,雇工;[美]奴仆,奴隶;官吏,公务员,服务员;随员,献身…的人;
n.企(事)业单位;事业,计划;事业心,进取心;
n.继母,后母;
(1) Try to persuade him to come.
(2) Please try and persuade her.
(3) She's always easily persuaded.
persuade
[pəˈsweɪd]
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vt.& vi.说服;劝说;使相信;使信服;
vt.教,讲授;教导,指导;通知;命令;
n.(鸟)窝;温床;(套叠在一起的)一套物件;藏匿处;
vt.筑巢;嵌套;
vi.筑巢;
adj.直率的;直接的;
adv.立刻;直率地;
n.直路;
(1) She was tall and elegant.
(2) an elegant dress
(3) an elegant room/restaurant
elegant
[ˈelɪgənt]
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adj.残酷的,残忍的;使人痛苦的,让人受难的;无情的,严酷的;
n.部分;零件;作用;角色;
vt.使分裂;拆移;使分开;
vi.分开;分离;分岔;
adv.不完全地,部分地;
adj.不完全的,部分的;
adj.后者的;末了的;较后的;
adj.(人或其举止)优美的;漂亮的;简炼的;简洁的;
(1) He is wonderful and strange and who knows how old he is, he thought.
(2) Your behavior is causing our name to be dragged through the mud.
(3) His behavior under fire approved him a man of courage.
behavior
[bɪˈheɪvjə]
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vt.没收;充公;查抄;征用;
adj.被没收的,被充公的;被征用的;
vt.& vi.获得;赢得;增加;(钟、表)走快;
n.利润;[土木工程]腰槽;获益;
vt.(在…上)开腰槽;吸引;(通过努力)到达;推进(一段距离);
vi.增进;增进健康;得益;(重量的)增加;
adj.卓越的;杰出的;优秀的;高超;
n.行为;态度;(机器等的)运转状态;(事物的)反应;
(1) The visiting professor was cocktailed, partied and dined.
(2) Once upon a time in a faraway land there lived a princess in a big castle.
(3) Instead of working hard at her lessons, Mary spends her time building a castle in the air.
castle
[ˈkɑːsl]
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n.〈古〉方式,方法;本质,天性;同类;某类;
adj.仁慈的,体贴的;友善的,好心的;温和;宽宏大量的;
n.印象,感觉;影响,效果;盖印,印记;
n.城堡,堡垒;象棋中的车;
vt.把…置于城堡中;(下国际象棋时)用车护(王);
vt.竞争,为…而奋争;辩驳;
vi.争斗;竞争;争夺;n.比赛;竞赛;搏斗;
(1) a portable TV
(2) (figurative)a portable loan/pension (= that can be moved if you change banks, jobs, etc.)
(3) portable software
portable
[ˈpɔ:təbl]
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n.操作,经营;手术;[数]运算;作用;
vt.排除,不包括;排斥;驱除,赶出;
vi.褪去,失去光泽;逐渐消逝;凋谢,衰老;
vt.使褪色;
adj.乏味的,平淡的;
adj.手提的;轻便的;
n.手提式打字机;
(1) maintenance procedures
(2) emergency/safety/disciplinary procedures
(3) to follow normal/standard/accepted procedure
procedure
[prəˈsi:dʒə(r)]
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vt.饲养;养育;抚养;养育;
vt.& vi.抬起;
n.后部,背面,背后;臀部;(舰队或军队的)后方,后尾,殿后部队;〈英口〉厕所;
vi.直立;高耸;
adj.后面的,后部的;
n.步枪;来福枪;
vt.& vi.快速搜寻;匆忙翻找 ;偷窃;盗取;
n.程序,手续;工序,过程,步骤;诉讼程序,(议会的)议事程序;〈罕〉进行;
vt.识别,认出;确定;使参与;把…看成一样;
vi.确定;认同;
(1) The letter instructed him to report to headquarters immediately.
(2) You will be instructed where to go as soon as the plane is ready.
(3) She arrived at 10 o'clock as instructed .
instruct
[ɪnˈstrʌkt]
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vt.& vi.绘画;拖,拉;招致;吸引;
vt.画;拉;吸引;
vi.移动;拔出剑;皱缩;汲取;
n.平局;抽奖;
adj.基本的;初级的;[化]元素的;初等;
vt.& vi.服从,听从;
vt.遵守,遵循;
vt.教,讲授;教导,指导;通知;命令;
(1) It didn't take much persuasion to get her to tell us where he was.
(2) After a little gentle persuasion, he agreed to come.
(3) She has great powers of persuasion.
persuasion
[pəˈsweɪʒn]
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vt.忽视,忽略;瞭望;检查;远眺;
n.从高处眺望到的景色;忽视,忽略;可眺望四周的高地;
n.劝说,说服(力);信仰;
adj.较小的,少数的,小…;未成年的;[乐]小调的,小音阶的;(两同姓男孩中)年幼的;
n.未成年人;副修科目;小公司;[逻辑学]小前提;
vi.[主美国英语]副修,选修,兼修;
adj.强大的;权力大的;(药)有效地;
adv.很;非常;
(1) Ministers must not knowingly mislead Parliament and the public.
(2) Don't let his friendly words mislead you.
(3) Macdonald accepted that such information could be used to manipulate, to obfuscate, and to mislead.
mislead
[ˌmɪsˈli:d]
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n.(战争,怒气等的)爆发;突然发生;
vi.爆发;
vt.把…带错路;把…引入歧途;
n.进攻;(球队的)前锋;进攻方法;攻势;
n.衣服;装饰;连衣裙;礼服;
vt.& vi.给…穿衣;穿着;打扮;
adj.连衣裙的;须穿礼服的;适合于正式场合的;办公时(或半正式场合)穿戴的;
vt.给…穿衣;给…提供衣服;装潢,装饰或装点;排成列;
vi.穿衣;排列整齐;
(1) a federal republic
(2) a federal law
(3) state and federal income taxes
federal
[ˈfedərəl]
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vt.& vi.轻拍,爱抚;拍成,拍至;
n.轻拍;轻拍某物发出的声音;小团,小块;
adj.恰好的,适当的;熟练的;过于巧合的,人为的;快活的,活泼的;
vt.表扬,称赞(某人/自己);
vt.避开,避免,预防;[法]使无效,撤销,废止;
vt.履行(条约,义务),遵守,执行(命令等);完成(计划等),做完(工作);达到(目的),应验(预言等),满足(希望);使臻于完善,充分发挥潜在的能力;vt.履行(条约,义务),遵守,执行(命令等);完成(计划等),做完(工作);达到(目的),应验(预言等),满足(希望);使臻于完善,充分发挥潜在的能力;
adj.联邦(制)的;同盟的;
n.联邦主义者;同盟盟友;
(1) Follow the instructions on the packet carefully.
(2) The plant comes with full instructions on how to care for it.
(3) Always read the instructions before you start.
instruction
[ɪnˈstrʌkʃn]
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n.公鸡;[美]狂妄自负的人,好斗者;
n.强调;着重;(轮廓、图形等的)鲜明;突出,重读;
n.授课;教诲;传授的或获得的知识,课程;[计算机科学]指令;
adj.<贬>(男人)女人气的,女人腔的,外表似女人的;
adv.女人气地,女人腔地;
n.女人气,女人腔;
(1) The marriage ended in divorce in 1996.
(2) an increase in the divorce rate (= the number of divorces in a year)
(3) They have agreed to get a divorce .
divorce
[diˈvɔ:s]
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vt.& vi.叫喊,大声叫;叫喊着说;
n.叫喊,大声叫;(拉拉队鼓动运动员的)呼喊声;
n.离婚;分离;
vt.与…离婚;分离;
vt.& vi.与(某人)离婚,判(某人)离婚;
n.航行(学);航海(术);海上交通;
adj.巨大的;庞大的;极大的;
(1) ‘I will ’ and ‘I shall ’ are usually contracted to ‘I'll ’ (= made shorter) .
(2) They were sued for breach of contract (= not keeping to a contract) .
(3) to take out a contract on sb
contract
[kənˈtrækt]
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vt.& vi.染上(恶习,疾病等);缩小,紧缩;
vi.订契约,承包;n.契约;婚约;[法]契约法;行贿;
vt.使…变大;扩张;详述;
vi.扩展;发展;张开;展开;
vt.包含,容纳;克制,遏制;牵制;包括或由…构成;
n.烦恼,忧虑;担心;撕咬;
vi.担心,焦虑;为…发愁;撕咬;
vt.使烦恼;烦扰;撕咬;
(1) The islands are rightfully proud of their location on the equator.
(2) Amelia and Fred headed south toward the equator.
(3) Singapore is near the equator.
equator
[ɪˈkweɪtə(r)]
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vt.需要;必须;
aux.必须;不得不;
n.需要;需要的东西;责任;贫穷;
vi.(表示应该或不得不做)有必要;
n.赤道;(平分球形物体的面的)圆;(任何)大圆;
n.海军;船队;
adj.极端的,过激的;极限的,非常的;末端的;(政治上)急进的;
n.极端;困境;[数]极限值;[常用复数]在两末端的事物;
(1) She devoted herself to her career.
(2) I could only devote two hours a day to the work.
(3) He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific investigation...
devote
[diˈvəut]
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adj.全部的;全体的;一切在内的;综合的;
adv.全面地;总地;总的说来;
n.工装裤;罩衫;〈英〉(军官的)紧身军裤;
n.方面;面貌;方位,方向;形势;
vt.把…奉献(给),把…专用(于);奉献;
vt.& vi.辩护;保卫;(足球、曲棍球等)防守;进行辩护;
(1) They went on a long train journey across India.
(2) (British English)Did you have a good journey?
(3) on the outward/return journey
journey
[ˈdʒə:ni]
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n.旅行,旅程行期;历程,过程;
vi.旅行,出游;
vt.在…旅行或旅行到过…;
vi.搏斗;奋斗;努力;争取;
n.打斗;竞争;奋斗;
n.负担,包袱;责任,义务;载货量;(诗歌,发言等的)重点;
vt.使烦恼,劳累;向(车,船等)上装货;
adj.普通的;通俗的;[数学]公共的;共有的;
n.[法律](对土地、水域的)共有权;公共用地;普通;平民;
(1) I was under the impression that the work had already been completed.
(2) Clever lighting creates an impression of space in a room.
(3) He did his impression of Tom Hanks.
impression
[ɪmˈpreʃn]
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n.力;武力;(社会)势力;魄力;
vt.强迫;强行;促使,推动;强奸;
vi.熔化,溶解;逐渐融合;逐渐消失;感动,软化,感情上变得温和;
vt.熔化,溶解;使混合在一起;逐渐消散;使变得温和或温柔;
vt.& vi.混合,混淆;
vi.混进,与…交往;
n.印象,感觉;影响,效果;盖印,印记;
(1) I've come to the conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.
(2) It took the jury some time to reach the conclusion that she was guilty.
(3) New evidence might lead to the conclusion that we are wrong.
conclusion
[kənˈklu:ʒn]
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n.良心;道德心;
n.结论;结局;断定,决定;推论;
n.地区;区域,范围;面积,平地;领域;
adj.明亮的;<非正式>美好的;闪耀的;才华横溢的;
n.宝石;钻石;
(1) He claimed political asylum.
(2) He's not entitled to claim unemployment benefit.
(3) She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered.
claim
[kleɪm]
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vt.声称;断言;需要;索取;
vi.提出要求;
n.(根据权利而提出的)要求;声称;断言;索赔;
n.扒手;
vt.促进,提高;增加;吹捧;向上推起;
vi.宣扬;[美国俚语](尤指在商店)行窃,偷窃;
n.提高,增加;帮助;吹捧;加速[助推]器;
vi.竞赛;竞争;比得上;参加比赛(或竞赛);
(1) lovely countryside/eyes/flowers
(2) She looked particularly lovely that night.
(3) He has a lovely voice.
lovely
[ˈlʌvli]
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vt.鼓舞;激励;赋予灵感;启迪;
vi.吸,吸入;
vi.跳上[下];单足蹦跳;齐足(或双足)跳行;摘葎草花;
vt.跃过;登上(飞机、汽车、火车等);在…跳来跳去;加啤酒花于;
n.跳舞;蹦跳;(棒球等的)弹跳;(非正式)舞会;
vt.& vi.换来换去,不断更换;
n.艰难;困苦;艰难情况;造成困苦与苦难的原因;
adj.可爱的;令人愉快的;亲切友好的;慷慨大方的;
n.美女,美人,佳人;漂亮的东西;
(1) separate bedrooms
(2) Raw meat must be kept separate from cooked meat.
(3) The school is housed in two separate buildings.
separate
['seprət]
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vt.& vi.分开;(使)分离;区分;隔开;
vt.分离(混合物);分居;分类;割开;
vi.分手;断裂;(夫妻)分居;断绝关系;adj.单独的;分开的,分离的;不同的;不相关的;
n.分开的事物;[用复数](音响设备中的)独立件;
n.光荣,荣誉;壮观,壮丽;(对上帝的)赞颂;非常美的事物;
vi.得意,自豪;骄傲;
adj.焦虑的;紧张不安的;神经质的;
adj.粗鲁的;简陋的;狂暴的;近乎下流的;
(1) The paintings were concealed beneath a thick layer of plaster.
(2) For a long time his death was concealed from her.
(3) Tim could barely conceal his disappointment.
conceal
[kənˈsi:l]
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n.陪审团;(展览会,竞赛等的)全体评审员;舆论的裁决;评判委员会;
adj.应急的;[航](船上)应急用的;暂时的;
vt.隐藏,隐瞒,遮住;
adj.正确的;合适的;(举止言谈)符合公认准则的;符合公认的准则的;
vt.改正;[数学、物理学]校正;(试卷)改错;批改;
vi.纠正错误;调整;校准(常与 for 连用);
n.观众,听众,读者;读者;接见;拥护者,爱好者;
(1) We existed on a diet of rice.
(2) They can't exist on the money he's earning.
(3) On his retirement the post will cease to exist .
exist
[ɪgˈzɪst]
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adj.较年幼的,较年小的;三年级的,低年级的;资历较浅的;后进的;
n.年少者,青少年;晚辈;三年级生;职位较低者;
n.宴会,盛宴;筵席;宴请,款待;
vt.宴请,设宴招待;饮宴,参加宴会;
vi.参加宴会;
n.费用;花费的钱;消耗;花钱的东西;
vt.向…收取费用;把…作为开支勾销;
vi.存在;生存;生活;继续存在;
(1) A trade agreement was concluded between the two countries.
(2) They concluded a treaty with Turkey.
(3) ‘Anyway, she should be back soon, ’ he concluded.
conclude
[kənˈklu:d]
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n.运河,沟渠;管道;气管;食道;
vt.建运河;疏导;
vt.& vi.引导;带领;控制;传导;
vt.组织;安排;实施;执行;
adj.指挥,带领,护送;
vi.(在乐队里)当指挥;(在公共电汽车或火车上)当售票员;指路;n.举止;行为;管理(方式);实施(方式);
vt.& vi.结束,终止;推断;议定;
vt.得出结论;缔结;推断出;决定;
vi.终了;作出决定或达成协议;
vt.灌溉;冲洗(伤口);使清新;
vi.灌溉;冲洗;
(1) His devotion to his wife and family is touching.
(2) her devotion to duty
(3) Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.
devotion
[dɪˈvəʊʃn]
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n.献身,奉献;忠诚;信仰,祈祷;热爱;
n.劝说,说服(力);信仰;
n.凭冲动行事;突如其来的念头;[电子]脉冲;[医]冲动,搏动;
adj.冲动的;
v.推动;
vt.描述(人或物)的特性;具有…的特征;
vi.塑造人物;
misguide
[mɪsˈgaɪd]
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n.扫帚;金雀花;[无线]自动搜索干扰振荡器;
vt.扫除;用扫帚扫;
vi.桩顶开花或开裂;
n.精神,心灵;潮流,风气;(文件等)精神;元气、志气;
vt.鼓舞;使振作;神秘地带走;使莫名其妙地出现;
vt.隐藏;躲避,隐匿,躲藏;遮蔽,覆盖;
vi.隐瞒;遮住;遮挡;掩盖;
n.兽皮;<口>生命;<口>人的皮肤;(观看野生动物的)隐蔽处;
vt.对…指导错误,把…引入歧途;
(1) a brave/charitable/evil/good deed
(2) a tale of heroic deeds
(3) the deeds of the house
deed
[di:d]
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n.行为;行动;<律>契约;证书;
v.立契转让;
vt.& vi.砍,伐,劈;
n.砍,剁,排骨;公章,官印,出港证,登陆护照,旅行护照;掌劈;〈口〉牌号,商标,品种,品质,等级;
vt.劈,砍,剁;切细,剁碎;辟(路),开(路)前进;(风,浪)骤变,突变;
vt.强制,强迫;使负债务;使感激;施惠于;
vi.施恩惠;帮忙,效劳;
vt.& vi.热烈地拥抱,抱住,紧抱;
vt.紧靠…走;抱有,持有;
n.紧抱,热烈拥抱;
vi.缠紧,缚紧(某物,尤指人体);
(1) She patted the dog on the head.
(2) He patted his sister's hand consolingly.
(3) pat your face dry with a soft towel.
pat
[pæt]
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vi.起泡沫;吐白沫;
n.泡沫;泡沫材料,泡沫状物;
vt.使起泡沫;使成泡沫状物;
n.接触;触点;[医](传染病)接触人;门路;
vt.使接触;与…联系;与…通讯(或通话);
vi.联系,接触;
vt.& vi.轻拍,爱抚;拍成,拍至;
n.轻拍;轻拍某物发出的声音;小团,小块;
adj.恰好的,适当的;熟练的;过于巧合的,人为的;快活的,活泼的;
vt.表扬,称赞(某人/自己);
n.配对物;副本;相对物;极相似的人或物;
(1) I tried to dissuade him from giving up his job.
(2) They were going to set off in the fog, but were dissuaded.
(3) Doctors had tried to dissuade patients from smoking...
dissuade
[dɪˈsweɪd]
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n.选举,当选;选举权;[神]神的选择;
vt.劝阻;劝止;劝戒;
adj.易看见的,可看见的;显然的,明明白白的;貌似的,表面的;显见;
n.专家,能手;权威;行家,高手;熟练者;
adj.专家的;(技术)熟练的;老手;需要专门知识(或技术)的;
vt.以专家身份研究(或检查),像专家那样研究(或检查);由专家审读(书籍等);
vi.做专家工作,担任专家,成为高手(或能手);
(1) She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
(2) The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.
(3) In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.
overcome
[ˌəuvəˈkʌm]
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n.风筝;鸢(猛禽);空头支票;光棍;
vt.涂改(支票);使上涨;上升;
vi.使用空头支票;轻快地移动;
n.合作; 协作;协助;配合;
vt.& vi.战胜,克服;压倒,制服,…不堪;
vt.被(烟、感情等)熏[压]倒,使受不了;
vi.受到…的极大影响;
n.边;镶边;包边;边界;
vt.& vi.与…接界,在…的边上;
vt.沿…的边,环绕…,给…镶边;
vi.近似,毗邻;
(1) In summer we have to mow the lawn twice a week.
(2) a croquet lawn
(3) They were sitting on the lawn under a large beech tree.
lawn
[lɔ:n]
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n.草地,草坪;上等细麻布;
vt.& vi.混合;(使)结交;相容;平安相处;
n.混录;食物混合配料;乐曲组合;
vt.调配,配制;
vi.混合录音,混录,混音;
n.恩泽;优雅;慈悲;魅力;
v.使优美;惠赐;
n.发明;发明物;捏造:内心捏造的东西,特指谎言;发明才能;
(1) the British and German navies
(2) He's joined the navy/the navy .
(3) an officer in the navy/the navy
navy
[ˈneɪvi]
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vt.& vi.提供,供给,供应;
vt.规定;提供(+for);装备;预备;
vi.抚养,赡养(+for);做准备;预约(for 或 against);
n.海军;船队;
n.储蓄,存款;保证金;沉淀物;寄存,寄存品;
vt.&vi.储蓄;寄存;放置,安置;付保证金;
vi.沉淀;
n.屠夫,屠户;屠杀者,刽子手;残酷的人;肉铺;
vt.屠宰;屠杀;弄砸,弄糟;把…处死刑;
(1) a piece of material
(2) ‘What material is this dress made of? ’ ‘Cotton. ’
(3) building materials (= bricks, sand, glass, etc.)
material
[məˈtɪəriəl]
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n.选择;选择权;精选品;入选者;
adj.上等的,精选的;
vt.时常萦绕心头,使困窘;常去;以鬼魂形式出现;时常出现在,弥漫;
vi.尤指鬼魂重回或常去;
n.〈方〉鬼或其它超自然物体;常去的地方;
n.材料,原料;素材;布,织物;适当人选;
adj.物质的;肉体的;重要的,决定性的;辩证的,推论的;
vt.& vi.辩论,争论;
vt.就…进行争论,辩论;对…的真实或有效进行争论,怀疑;争夺,竞争;抵抗,抵制;
n.辩论;争端;(劳资)纠纷;罢工;
vi.激烈争辩;争执;争吵;吵架;
(1) on this/that occasion
(2) I've met him on several occasions.
(3) I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health.
occasion
[əˈkeɪʒn]
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n.机会,时机;场合;理由;需要;
vt.惹起,引起;
vt.制造,生产;捏造,虚构;加工;从事制造;
n.制造;制成品,产品;工业,工厂;(文学作品等的)粗制滥造;
n.行为;态度;(机器等的)运转状态;(事物的)反应;
vt.& vi.打断(别人的话等);阻止;截断;
vt.暂停;中断;打扰;妨碍;
vi.打断;
n.中断;暂停;
(1) He deserves the highest praise for his bravery.
(2) Israel has sinned; they have violated my covenant, which I commanded them to keep.
(3) He was conspicuous for his bravery.
bravery
[ˈbreɪvəri:]
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n.手稿;原稿;底稿;手写本;
adj.手写的,手抄的;
n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;
adj.紧急的,应急的;
vi.符合,一致;相应;通信;
n.勇敢,勇气;辉煌,华丽;刚毅;
(1) Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
(2) He impressed on us the need for immediate action.
(3) It impressed me that she remembered my name.
impress
[ɪmˈpres]
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vt.触怒;得罪,冒犯;使反感令人不适;
vi.犯规,触犯;
vt.印;给…以深刻印象;使铭记;
n.印象;印记;
vt.& vi.出版,发行;发表,宣布(结婚等);公布,颁布;出版…的著作;
vt.预防;阻碍;阻止;[宗教]引领;
vi.阻挠,阻止;
(1) All the students were asked to assemble in the main hall.
(2) She then addressed the assembled company (= all the people there) .
(3) to assemble evidence/data
assemble
[əˈsembl]
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adj.谦虚的,谦逊的;适度的,适中的;端庄的;羞怯的;
vt.& vi.消化;整理;
vt.吸收;领悟;玩味;
vi.消化;吸收食物;[化学]加热;
n.文摘;摘要;法律汇编;罗马法典;
n.[天]行星;[占星](左右人命运的)星相;
vt.& vi.集合,收集;
vt.装配,组合;
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