(1) a chemical/radioactive, etc. substance
(2) banned/illegal substances (= drugs)
(3) a sticky substance

(1) I'm telling you this with my lawyer's hat on, you understand.
(2) I'm wearing two hats tonight─parent and teacher.
(3) to put on/take off a hat

(1) the British educational system
(2) a new system for assessing personal tax bills
(3) a system of government

(1) The theatre was practically empty.
(2) I meet famous people practically every day.
(3) My essay is practically finished now.

(1) black volcanic ash
(2) The town was reduced to ashes in the fighting.
(3) the glowing ashes of the campfire

(1) a red car
(2) The lights (= traffic lights) changed to red before I could get across.
(3) Her eyes were red from crying.

(1) 65 percent of the 1987 budget went for nuclear weapons research and production.
(2) ...cancer research.
(3) She spent two years in South Florida researching and filming her documentary...

(1) to organize a meeting/party/trip
(2) I'll invite people if you can organize food and drinks.
(3) Modern computers can organize large amounts of data very quickly.

(1) I perceived a change in his behaviour.
(2) She perceived that all was not well.
(3) The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing.

(1) the origins of life on earth
(2) Most coughs are viral in origin (= caused by a virus) .
(3) The origin of the word remains obscure.

(1) Latin and greek will be squeezed out of school timetables.
(2) greek yogurt contains much less fat than double cream.
(3) The very earliest sculptures were made under the influence of greek art.

(1) a degree in biology
(2) How far is human nature determined by biology?
(3) the biology of marine animals

(1) rotary motion
(2) a rotary engine
(3) ...turning linear into rotary motion.

(1) I'm fourteen years old.
(2) Maurice got the boot after fourteen years and had to find a new job.
(3) She is fourteen years old now.

(1) The graph shows how house prices have risen since the 1980s.
(2) Plot a graph of height against age.
(3) Controlling analyzing software plays an important role to display the test data with graph when testing.

(1) He seems to have overlooked one important fact.
(2) We could not afford to overlook such a serious offence.
(3) a restaurant overlooking the lake

(1) He's far too young to go on his own.
(2) This is too large a helping for me/This helping is too large for me.
(3) Is it too much to ask for a little quiet?

(1) an opening/introductory paragraph
(2) Write a paragraph on each of the topics given below.
(3) See paragraph 15 of the handbook.

(1) a temperature of 40 degrees centigrade
(2) [不可数名词]temperatures in centigrade and Fahrenheit
(3) ...daytime temperatures of up to forty degrees centigrade.

(1) ‘He's not an easy person to live with. ’ ‘More fool her for marrying him! ’
(2) I made a complete fool of myself in front of everyone!
(3) Don't be such a fool!

(1) I will contact you later to advise you when to come.
(2) I regret to advise you that the course is now full.
(3) She advises the government on environmental issues.

(1) physical fitness
(2) physical appearance
(3) The ordeal has affected both her mental and physical health.

(1) ‘How dare she, ’ he muttered under his breath.
(2) She just sat there muttering to herself.
(3) I muttered something about needing to get back to work.

(1) a full and frank discussion
(2) a frank admission of guilt
(3) He was very frank about his relationship with the actress.

(1) I feel pretty dead right now.
(2) I couldn't fly illegally into a country in the dead of night...
(3) We buried it in the garden at dead of night...

(1) The valley was originally bridged by the Romans.
(2) A plank of wood bridged the stream.
(3) Cultural exchanges are a way of building bridges between countries.

(1) The plane landed safely.
(2) The bomb has been safely disposed of.
(3) The money is safely locked in a drawer.

(1) an explosive temper
(2) the explosive growth of the export market
(3) plastic explosives

(1) My heart was in my mouth when I walked into her office.
(2) He appealed to his countrymen not to lose heart.
(3) I tried to learn some lines but my heart wasn't really in it.

(1) It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms.
(2) to expect a visit/call/letter from sb
(3) Are you expecting visitors?

(1) intimate friends
(2) We're not on intimate terms with our neighbours.
(3) The article revealed intimate details about his family life.

(1) aluminium saucepans/window frames
(2) aluminium foil (= for example, for wrapping food in )
(3) ...aluminium cans.

(1) We existed on a diet of rice.
(2) They can't exist on the money he's earning.
(3) On his retirement the post will cease to exist .

(1) Use the formula to calculate the volume of the container.
(2) Benefit is calculated on the basis of average weekly earnings.
(3) You'll need to calculate how much time the assignment will take.

(1) Joan of Arc was burnt at the stake .
(2) a 20% stake in the business
(3) She has a personal stake in the success of the play.

(1) a pane of glass
(2) a windowpane
(3) pane, design and tweed still are the mainstream, rurality is another kind of choice.

(1) the dark glasses he habitually wore
(2) a habitual criminal/drinker/liar, etc.
(3) the habitual use of heroin

(1) bright light/sunshine
(2) a bright room
(3) Her eyes were bright with tears.

(1) I'm usually home by 6 o'clock.
(2) We usually go by car.
(3) How long does the journey usually take?

(1) Who is your favourite author?
(2) He is the author of three books on art.
(3) best-selling author Joan Collins