(1) to inflict/impose/mete out punishment
(2) What is the punishment for murder?
(3) There is little evidence that harsher punishments deter any better than more lenient ones.

(1) literary criticism/theory
(2) It was Chaucer who really turned English into a literary language.
(3) a literary man

(1) an oak tree
(2) to plant a tree
(3) to chop/cut down a tree

(1) Although arabic, although the number is numbers are still low.
(2) arabic figures which do not align at the base line.
(3) Possible causes might be too much damping solution or too much gum arabic.

(1) Her lawyers say she should be compensated for the suffering she had been caused.
(2) He received a compensatory payment of $20 000.
(3) Nothing can compensate for the loss of a loved one.

(1) a burial place/mound/site
(2) Her body was sent home for burial.
(3) His family insisted he should be given a proper burial.

(1) The announcement was made a short time ago...
(2) How could you do it in such a short period of time?...
(3) For a few short weeks there was peace...

(1) communist ideology
(2) a communist country/government/leader
(3) ...the communist Party.

(1) Gerome tried to talk her into taking an apartment in paris.
(2) Normally, the transportation system in paris carries 950,000 passengers a day.
(3) On the flight from paris to Toulon, Mechiche fell prey to panic.

(1) diplomatic/international/foreign relations
(2) US-Chinese relations
(3) relations with neighbouring countries are under strain at present.

(1) an advocate for hospital workers
(2) a staunch advocate of free speech
(3) The group does not advocate the use of violence.

(1) a region of gently rolling hills
(2) a hill farm/town/fort
(3) The house is built on the side of a hill overlooking the river.

(1) Nothing seemed to satisfy their hunger for truth.
(2) a hunger for knowledge
(3) I felt faint with hunger.

(1) (figurative,humorous)There's not much meat on her (= she is very thin).
(2) a piece/slice of meat
(3) horse meat (= from a horse)

(1) a birdcage
(2) The dogs are caged (up) at night.
(3) He paced the room like a caged animal .

(1) high/low temperatures
(2) a fall/drop in temperature
(3) a rise in temperature

(1) a faded pair of blue jeans
(2) He neither gambled, drank, nor smoked.
(3) She used to slop around all day in old jeans and sweatshirts.

(1) We have an extension in the bedroom.
(2) What's your extension number?
(3) Can I have extension 4332 please?

(1) A man was arrested by the police and held for questioning.
(2) Get out of the house or I'll call the police .
(3) police suspect a local gang.

(1) Could you mend my bike for me?
(2) He mended shoes for a living.
(3) They tried to mend their differences.

(1) Brahms' violin concerto
(2) Lizzie used to play the violin.
(3) ...the Brahms violin concerto in D.

(1) Will you have dinner with me tonight?
(2) It's cold tonight.
(3) Here are tonight's football results.

(1) to be/go numb
(2) numb with cold
(3) I've just been to the dentist and my face is still numb.

(1) He was carrying a suitcase.
(2) She carried her baby in her arms.
(3) The injured were carried away on stretchers.

(1) an air disaster
(2) environmental disasters
(3) Thousands died in the disaster.

(1) We've had a lot of support from all our friends and neighbours .
(2) Our next-door neighbours are very noisy.
(3) Britain's nearest neighbour is France.

(1) At school he used to individually answer all his junk mail.
(2) Shuffled the Bill under a pile of junk mail.
(3) I read everything that comes in mail, even the junk mail.

(1) He was still mourning his brother's death.
(2) They mourn the passing of a simpler way of life.
(3) Today we mourn for all those who died in two world wars.

(1) a French/chemistry, etc. course
(2) to take/do a course in art and design
(3) to go on a management training course

(1) a he-goat
(2) What a nice dog─is it a he or a she?
(3) Every child needs to know that he is loved.

(1) surgical/optical/precision, etc. instruments
(2) instruments of torture
(3) Is he learning an instrument?

(1) students involved in all forms of college athletics
(2) ...students who play intercollegiate athletics.
(3) As the modern Olympics grew in stature, so too did athletics.

(1) Their prices compare favourably with those of their competitors.
(2) The critics compared his work to that of Martin Amis.
(3) My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people's.

(1) They voted her their headmistress.
(2) So what happened was, I had a very understanding headmaster, headmistress, sorry.
(3) I was introduced to the new headmistress yesterday. I can't say I took to her.

(1) regular breathing
(2) a regular pulse/heartbeat
(3) A light flashed at regular intervals .

(1) a daily/weekly newspaper
(2) a local/national newspaper
(3) a newspaper article

(1) Can I introduce my wife?
(2) He introduced me to a Greek girl at the party.
(3) We've already been introduced.

(1) She was employed as a cook in a hotel.
(2) Who was the cook (= who cooked the food) ?
(3) to cook up a story

(1) You're not telling me he offered to lend you the money out of the goodness of his heart?
(2) goodness me, no!
(3) (formal)At least have the goodness (= good manners) to look at me when I'm talking to you.

(1) It may be necessary to buy a new one.
(2) It doesn't seem necessary for us to meet.
(3) Only use your car when absolutely necessary.