基础词汇 :
看单词选词义(考) - 8
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(1) (North Amercian English)to run for election
(2) election campaigns/results
(3) to win/lose an election
election[ɪˈlekʃn]
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vt.使溶解;使(固态物)溶解为液体,使液化;使消失,使消逝,消除;使终止;
vi.溶解;融化,液化;解散,散去;分裂,分解;
n.半岛;[史]伊比利亚半岛,(第一次世界大战中指)加利波利半岛;(第一次世界大战中指)加利波利半岛;
n.选举,当选;选举权;[神]神的选择;
adj.错误的;不正确的;秕谬;讹;
(1) Good grief! What a mess!
(2) Several pedestrians came to grief on the icy pavement.
(3) He caused his parents a lot of grief.
grief[gri:f]
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n.宝石,珍宝;精华,佳作;受人重视者;[印]四点活字;
v.点缀;用宝石装饰;饰以宝石;
adj.最佳品质的;
adj.未开化的;野蛮的;凶猛的;残忍的;
vt.(动物)凶狠地攻击(或伤害);残害;猛烈批评;激烈抨击;
n.未开化的人,野蛮人;野兽;<美>有拘捕狂的警察;
v信任;料想;笃信宗教;
vt.相信;以为,认为;对…信以为真;信任;
n.悲伤;悲痛;悲伤的事;
(1) Everyone is so envious of her.
(2) They were envious of his success.
(3) He saw the envious look in the other boy's eyes.
envious[ˈenviəs]
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n.魔力;魅力;咒文;(表链等的)小装饰品;
vt.使陶醉;诱惑;对…行魔法;令人陶醉;
adj.嫉妒的;羡慕的;热;
vt.& vi.辩护;保卫;(足球、曲棍球等)防守;进行辩护;
adj.裸体的,裸露的;率直的,赤裸裸的;缺乏保护;不加掩饰的;
(1) The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
(2) The price of wheat has decreased by 15%.
(3) This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.
decrease[dɪˈkri:s]
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adj.焦虑的;紧张不安的;神经质的;
vt.& vi.抓住;逮捕;捉拿;俘获;
vt.夺取;占领;起获;没收;
adj.忠实的;忠诚的;正确的;
n.信徒;
n.减少,减小;减少量;
vi.&vt.减少,减小;
(1) She greeted him civilly but with no sign of affection.
(2) a civil marriage ceremony
(3) a civil court
civil[ˈsɪvl]
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adj.公民的,市民的;文明的,有礼貌的;民用的,国民间的;[法]民事的,根据民法的;
n.制造,创造;创造物,产物;(尤指<圣经>所述由上帝)创造天地,宇宙;(爵位等的)封授;
n.劝说,说服(力);信仰;
adj.古怪的;可疑的;不适的;〈俚〉同性恋的;
n.<贬>同性恋者;怪人;伪造的货币;
vt.搞糟;使陷于不利地位;
(1) an area of permanent/rough/rich pasture
(2) high mountain pastures
(3) The cattle were put out to pasture .
pasture[ˈpɑ:stʃə(r)]
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vt.& vi.引导;带领;控制;传导;
vt.组织;安排;实施;执行;
adj.指挥,带领,护送;
vi.(在乐队里)当指挥;(在公共电汽车或火车上)当售票员;指路;n.举止;行为;管理(方式);实施(方式);
n.察觉,觉悟,意识;
n.牧草地,牧场;牲畜饲养,放牧;
vt.& vi.放牧;
vi.吃草;
vt.& vi.(使)倾斜,屈身;
vt.倚;依赖;使斜靠;使变瘦;
adj.瘦的;贫瘠的;简洁的;精干的;
n.瘦肉;倾向;倾斜;倾斜度;
vi.倾向于(某种观点、意见或态度等)(与to 或 toward连用);
(1) He has decided to grow a beard and a moustache.
(2) a week's growth of beard
(3) a goat's beard
beard[biəd]
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n.胡须;[虫]口鬃,[动]颌毛;(牡蛎等的)鳃;[植]芒;
vt.使有胡须(颌毛,芒刺);抓(捋)住…的胡子,拔…的胡子;公然反对,勇敢地对抗;
adj.比较(上)的;按比较估计的;相当的,还可以的;
n.[语](形容词或副词的)比较级形式;可匹敌者,可比拟物;
adj.容易的;舒适的;宽裕的;从容的;
adv.容易地;不费力地;悠闲地;缓慢地;
vi.停止划桨(常用作命令);
vt.向(水手或划手)发出停划命令;
n.黏土,泥土;(相对于灵魂而言的)人体,肉体;似黏土的东西;克莱(男子名, Clayton 的昵称);
vt.用黏土处理;[人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 克莱地貌名称,或职业名称,黏土坑工人,来源于古英语,含义是“黏土”(clay);[男子名] 克莱 Clayton的昵称;[地名] [美国] 克莱;
(1) a singing contest
(2) a talent contest
(3) to enter/win/lose a contest
contest[kənˈtest]
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vt.占领;使用,住在…;使从事,使忙碌;任职;
vt.竞争,为…而奋争;辩驳;
vi.争斗;竞争;争夺;n.比赛;竞赛;搏斗;
vt.& vi.原谅; 饶恕; 对不起;请原谅 ;
vt.免除;
adj.复杂的;合成的;
n.复杂;合成体;[数学]复数;
(1) to plan/lead/go on an expedition to the North Pole
(2) Three members of the Everest expedition were killed.
(3) a shopping expedition
expedition[ˌekspəˈdɪʃn]
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adj.哑的,无说话能力的;不说话的,无声的;沉默的,无言的;口齿不清的,(在政府中)无代言人的,政治上无发言权的;
n.地区;某地区的人;与某处邻近的地区;临近街坊;
n.考察,远航;考察队,远征军;(短途的)旅行;迅速(办理);
vt.& vi.扩大,放大;扩展,扩充;拉长说,详述;
(1) your native land/country/city
(2) It is a long time since he has visited his native Chile.
(3) Her native language is Korean.
native[ˈneɪtɪv]
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vi.长时间或辛苦地工作;艰难缓慢地移动;跋涉;
n.报酬很低的苦活,苦工;罗网,圈套;
n.边;优势;(悬崖、峭壁的)边缘,端;锋利,尖锐;
vt.在…上加边界;使渐进;给(刀刃)磨边,使锋利;修整;
vi.慢慢向前移动,侧身移动;
n.曲调,曲子;和谐,调谐;语调;心情;
vt.调整;使和谐,使一致;调整(频率);为…调音;
vi.协调;[无线]调谐;
adj.本国的;土著的;天生的;天真的,纯朴的;
n.当地人;土著人;当地产的动(植)物;
(1) He couldn't conceal his envy of me.
(2) She felt a pang of envy at the thought of his success.
(3) They looked with envy at her latest purchase.
envy[ˈenvi]
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n.要求;需要;所请求的事物;申请书;
vt.(下级对上级的)请求;请求得到;索取;邀请[常接不定式或从句];
n.行为;态度;(机器等的)运转状态;(事物的)反应;
n.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;
vi.感到妒忌;显示出妒忌;
vi.变为,成为;变得;变成;
vt.适合,适宜;相称,相当;变成;发生;
(1) He has known great misfortune in his life.
(2) We had the misfortune to run into a violent storm.
(3) She bore her misfortunes bravely.
misfortune[ˌmɪsˈfɔ:tʃu:n]
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n.不幸;厄运;不幸的事;灾难;
vt.& vi.出版,发行;发表,宣布(结婚等);公布,颁布;出版…的著作;
n.抗议;反对;申明;vi.抗议;断言;
vt.抗议;声明反对;断言;
adj.共有的;共同的;相互的;彼此的;
(1) a carved doorway
(2) The statue was carved out of a single piece of stone.
(3) The wood had been carved into the shape of a flower.
carve[kɑ:v]
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vi.切,切开;雕刻;创制,开创;
vt.切片;雕塑;
n.前景,展望;观点,见解;景色;眺望处;
v.瞪着看,瞧;比…漂亮;用目光压倒;
n.[乐]主题;主旋律;题目,话题;(学生的)作文;
adj.以奇想主题布置的;
n.继母,后母;
(1) An interesting feature of the city is the old market.
(2) Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme.
(3) Which features do you look for when choosing a car?
feature[ˈfi:tʃə(r)]
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n.特征,特点;容貌,面貌;(期刊的)特辑;故事片;
vt.使有特色;描写…的特征;以…为号召物;
vi.起主要作用;作重要角色;
n.调味汁;酱汁;〈非〉莽撞无礼;〈俚〉烈酒;
vt.调味或加沙司于…;给…增加趣味或风味;〈非〉对…无礼;
n.合作; 协作;协助;配合;
n.鼻孔;鼻孔内壁;
(1) savage dogs
(2) She had been badly hurt in what police described as ‘a savage attack ’.
(3) savage public spending cuts
savage[ˈsævɪdʒ]
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adj.未开化的;野蛮的;凶猛的;残忍的;
vt.(动物)凶狠地攻击(或伤害);残害;猛烈批评;激烈抨击;
n.未开化的人,野蛮人;野兽;<美>有拘捕狂的警察;
vt.罢(工、课等);撞;攻击;来到;
vi.罢工;打击;朝某一方向前进;
n.攻击;罢工[课,市];发现;
n.(卓越的)才华;光亮;光辉;光彩;
n.妒忌,猜忌;戒备,小心提防;
(1) Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.
(2) You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership.
(3) As a member of the nobility, his life had been one of wealth and privilege.
privilege[ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ]
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adj.寒冷的;怕冷的;冷淡的,疏远的;使心恐惧的;
n.独立,自主;足够维持闭居生活的收入;独立心;自恃心;
n.遵守;顺从;服从;(教会的)权威;
n.特权;(因财富和社会地位而仅有部分人享有的)权益;免责特权;特殊荣幸;
vt.给与…特权,特免;
(1) solid brass fittings/door handles
(2) a brass plate (= a sign outside a building giving the name and profession of the person who works there)
(3) to clean/polish the brass
brass[brɑ:s]
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vt.& vi.(使)移动;搅拌;(使)行动;(使)微动;
vt.使打起精神;使奋起;叫醒;唤起;
vi.苏醒;奋起;传播;发生;
n.搅动;骚乱;激动;微动;
n.黄铜;铜管乐器;钱;黄铜饰品(尤指马挽具上的黄铜圆片);
v.〈英〉付(款);[冶]把…包铜;〈口〉无耻地胡搞;
vi.爆[突]发,发怒;激增,迅速扩大;
vt.(使)爆炸;突然(发出巨响,活跃起来,迸发感情);推翻;驳倒;
vt.& vi.反射(光、热、声或影像);考虑;
vt.反射,反照;表达;显示;折转;
vi.映出;反射;深思熟虑;慎重表达;
(1) to roast a chicken
(2) the smell of roasting meat
(3) roasted chestnuts
roast[rəust]
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vt.允诺,许诺;给人以…的指望或希望;
vi.许诺;有指望,有前途;
n.许诺;希望,指望;允诺的东西;
n.风景;风景画;乡村风景画;地形;
vt.对…做景观美化,给…做园林美化;从事庭园设计;
vi.美化(环境等),使景色宜人;做庭园设计师;
n.主题,话题;学科,科目;[哲]主观;
adj.须服从…的;(在君主等)统治下的;
v.提供,提出;使…隶属;
vt.& vi.烤,烘,焙;
vt.嘲讽,挖苦;
n.烤肉;户外烧烤野餐;
adj.烤好的,烤制的;
(1) His name was inscribed on the trophy.
(2) The trophy was inscribed with his name.
(3) She signed the book and inscribed the words ‘with grateful thanks ’ on it.
inscribe[ɪnˈskraɪb]
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vt.& vi.处理,处置;安排;
vt.排列;布置;使倾向于,使有意于;
n.实验,试验;尝试;
vi.做实验,进行试验;尝试;
vt.雕,刻;题写,题献;
n.命运,宿命;灾难,死亡;命中注定的事(尤指坏事);
v.注定;
(1) divine law/love/will
(2) divine intervention (= help from God to change a situation)
(3) She could divine what he was thinking just by looking at him.
divine[dɪˈvaɪn]
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adj.神的, 天赐的;极好的;神圣的;
vt.&vi.占卜,预言;猜测, 预测;(用丫形杖)探测(地下水);
n.牧师;神学家;
n.(常指供观赏的)花;开花期;最盛期;健康有精神的面貌;
vi.开花;使植物繁盛;发光,闪亮;大量出现;
n.宽容;怜悯;幸运;侥幸;
vt.寻找,探寻;追求,谋求;往或朝…而去;[废语]考察;
vi.查找,查寻;找一找;
(1) fishing ports
(2) Rotterdam is a major port.
(3) a naval port
port[pɔ:t]
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n.改进,改善,改良,增进,进步;(美)装修,改良措施;利用,活用;更优秀的人,更进步的人;
n.运河,沟渠;管道;气管;食道;
vt.建运河;疏导;
n.百万富翁;大富翁;大财主;有钱人;
adj.100万以上人口的;
n.港口;(事情的)意义;(计算机与其他设备的)接口;(船、飞机等的)左舷;
vt.举枪;持枪;左转舵;
vi.转向左舷;
adj.左舷的,左侧的;
vt.& vi.转舵(向左),把(舵)转向左边;
adv.向左舷,向左;
(1) an elective body
(2) elective surgery
(3) an elective member
elective[ɪˈlektɪv]
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vt.指责,责怪;归咎于;
n.责备;责任;过失;
adj.选任的;有选举权的;(课程)选修的;(可选择的)可选择的;
n.选修课程;
vi.勘查, 探测, 勘探;[医]探查(伤处等),探索,研究;
vt.探索, 探究, 仔细查看;
vt.& vi.战斗;斗争;打架;吵架;
n.打架;吵架;战斗;斗志;
(1) an act of sheer folly
(2) Giving up a secure job seems to be the height of folly.
(3) It would be folly to turn the offer down.
folly[ˈfɔli:]
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n.,蠢笨蠢笨;愚行;讽刺剧;
n.咽喉;颈前部;[植物学]管颈;
vt.用沙哑的声音或嗓音发音;
n.小路,路;路线,路程;〈比喻〉(人生的)道路;(思想,行为,生活的)途径;
n.材料,原料;素材;布,织物;适当人选;
adj.物质的;肉体的;重要的,决定性的;辩证的,推论的;
(1) an elected assembly/leader/representative
(2) the newly elected government
(3) She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.
elect[ɪˈlekt]
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vt.选举;挑出,挑选;决定;
vi.选择,挑选;进行选举;
adj.精选的,选出的;选中的,当选而尚未就职的;
n.被选的人;
adj.声名狼藉的;无耻的,伤风败俗的;[法](因犯重罪)被剥夺公权的;很差的,低劣的;
n.正义;公正;法律制裁;审判员,法官;
vt.& vi.乘;(使)相乘;(使)增加;(使)繁殖;
adv.多样地;复合地;多倍地;[电学]并联地,多路地;
adj.多层的;多样的;多股的;
(1) This was one aspect of her character he hadn't seen before.
(2) Events began to take on a more sinister aspect.
(3) The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.
aspect[ˈæspekt]
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vt.获得,得到;流行;买到,达到(目的);
vi.通行,通用;流行;存在;
n.方面;面貌;方位,方向;形势;
n.决心;决定,确定;[物]测定,计算;
n.比赛;对手;相配的人(或物);火柴;
vt.相同;适应;使较量;使等同于;
vt.& vi.使相配,使相称;
(1) Stop talking in riddles (= saying things that are confusing) ─say what you mean.
(2) to solve the riddle of the Sphinx
(3) the riddle of how the baby died
riddle[ˈrɪdl]
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vt.讨论,谈论;论述,详述;商量;
vi.商议,商量;[医]会诊;咨询;充当顾问;
vt.请教;翻阅;求教于;顾及;
adj.仓促完成的;急忙的;草率的;轻率的;
n.粗筛;谜语;猜不透的难题,难解之谜;
v.用筛分选(卵石等),筛分;用子弹把耙子打成蜂窝似的;精查(证据);解(谜),猜;
(1) His wife has a strong personality.
(2) The children all have very different personalities.
(3) He maintained order by sheer force of personality.
personality[ˌpɜ:səˈnæləti]
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adj.卓越的;杰出的;优秀的;高超;
vt.挫败;阻挠;使受挫折;
adj.无益的,无效的;
n.生而为人;人格,人品,个性;人物;名人;
adj.部分的;偏爱的;偏袒的;钟爱的;
n.[数学]偏微商;
(1) It would be foolish to raise hopes unnecessarily...
(2) It is foolish to risk skin cancer.
(3) I just stood there feeling foolish and watching him...
foolishness[ˈfu:lɪʃnɪs]
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adj.频繁的,时常发生的,常见的;(脉搏等)急促的,快的;vt.常到,光顾,常与…交往;常去,时常出入于;
n.愚蠢,愚笨;
n.羔羊,小羊;羔羊肉;<宗>耶稣;
vi.生小羊,产羊羔;
vt.& vi.决定;决心;
vt.使消释;使分解,使解体;(指委员会或集会)表决;消退(炎症等);
vi.下决定;分解;
n.决意,决定;(会议等的)决议;
(1) He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death.
(2) They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger .
(3) the joys and sorrows of childhood
sorrow[ˈsɔrəu]
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vi.变少,减少;贬低,轻视,看不起;
vt.减少(某事物),缩小;
adj.引导的,介绍的,导言的;开端的;序;
adj.热烈的;激昂的;易怒的;易被情欲所支配的;
n.悲痛;悔恨,惋惜;伤心事;
vt.& vi.悲痛;遗憾;
(1) It required a statesman's foresight and sagacity to make the decision.
(2) sagacity, unlike cleverness, usually increases with age.
(3) I hesitate to record the many other instances of his sagacity.
sagacity[səˈgæsɪti:]
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n.精明,精确的判断;卓识;
vt.[法]确认,批准;证实;使有效;使巩固;
n.故事,传说;历史,沿革;内情;传记;
vt.用历史故事画装饰;讲…的故事;把…作为故事讲述;
vi.说谎;
n.保证,担保;(人寿)保险;确信;厚脸皮,无耻;
(1) I haven't seen hide nor hair of her for a month.
(2) She'd do anything to save her own hide .
(3) All he's worried about is his own hide (= himself) .
hide[haɪd]
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n.著作家;作者;创造者;发起人;
vt.创作出版;n.作者;创造者;发起人;
adj.能干的;有才能的;有才华的;能胜任的;
n.有才能的,能干的;
n.天花板;最高限度;云幕高度;隔板,舱室垫板;
vt.隐藏;躲避,隐匿,躲藏;遮蔽,覆盖;
vi.隐瞒;遮住;遮挡;掩盖;
n.兽皮;<口>生命;<口>人的皮肤;(观看野生动物的)隐蔽处;
(1) She closely resembles her sister.
(2) So many hotels resemble each other.
(3) The plant resembles grass in appearance.
resemble[rɪˈzembl]
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vt.提供,给予;提出,提议;出价,开价;表示愿意;
vi.提议;企图,想要;供奉;
n.提议;出价,开价;试图;求婚;
vt.通知;使活跃,使充满;预示;
vi.通知;告发;
vt.与…相像,类似于;
vi.参加某事;分享某事;
vt.得到或接受某部分东西;
(1) an outstanding player/achievement/success
(2) an area of outstanding natural beauty
(3) the outstanding features of the landscape
outstanding[aʊtˈstændɪŋ]
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vt.& vi.(使)腐烂,腐朽;
vi.衰败,衰退,衰落;
n.腐败、衰退的状态;
n.间隔;幕间休息;(数学)区间;
n.逃避;职位空缺;废止;无效;
adj.杰出的;显著的;凸出的;未完成的;
(1) a water-saving device
(2) electrical labour-saving devices around the home
(3) A powerful device exploded outside the station.
device[dɪˈvaɪs]
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n.比较,对照;[语]比喻;比较级;
n.装置,设备;方法;策略;手段;
n.马具,挽具;甲胄;降落伞背带;
vt.治理;给(负重的动物)套轭具;给…穿铠甲;
n.鉴定,识别;验明;身份证明;认同;
(1) The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million.
(2) The rate of inflation increased by 2%.
(3) The price of oil increased.
increase[inˈkri:s]
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adj.有男子气概的;适合男子的;强壮的;
adv.以男人的方式;
vi.抱怨,诉苦;申诉,控诉,抗议;
vt.诉说,申诉,控告[后面常跟从句];
vt.& vi.增加,增大,增多;
vt.增强,增进;[缝纫]放(针);
vi.增强;增进;增殖,繁殖;[缝纫]放针;n.增加量;增长;提高;
n.罐子;(啤酒)杯;缸;猛然震动;
vi.发出刺耳的声音;不和谐;不一致;(对…)产生不快的影响;
vt.使震动;
(1) To whom it may concern … (= used for example, at the beginning of a public notice or of a job reference about sb's character and ability)
(2) Everyone who was directly concerned in (= had some responsibility for) the incident has now resigned.
(3) The individuals concerned have some explaining to do.
concern[kənˈsɜ:n]
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vi.点头;打瞌睡;上下摆动;变得粗心大意;
vt.点头示意;使弯曲,使屈服;点头答应;
n.点头;点头同意;打瞌睡,打盹;粗心大意;
vt.涉及,关系到;使关心,使担忧;参与;
n.关心;关系,有关;顾虑;公司或企业;
n.一群;包裹;(纸牌的)一副;一组;
vt.& vi.(把…)打包;塞进;拥进;(使)聚集成团;
vt.挑选;压紧;携带;拧紧;
vi.包装;紧挤在一起;便于折叠收藏的;匆忙离去(有时与 off 连用);
vt.需要;必须;
aux.必须;不得不;
n.需要;需要的东西;责任;贫穷;
vi.(表示应该或不得不做)有必要;
(1) a critical moment in our country's history
(2) One of the victims of the fire remains in a critical condition .
(3) Students are encouraged to develop critical thinking instead of accepting opinions without questioning them.
critical[ˈkrɪtɪkl]
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adj.精力充沛的,充满活力的;精力旺盛的,精神饱满的;(措施等)积极的,有力的;雄健;
vt.失去;错过;遗失;耽搁;
vi.损失;输掉;走慢;降低价值;
adj.批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的,危急的;决定性的;[物]临界的;
adj.危险的,冒险的;
(1) It happened─whether by accident or design ─that the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone.
(2) The tiles come in a huge range of colours and designs.
(3) a course in art and design
design[dɪˈzaɪn]
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n.黄昏,傍晚;幽暗;
adj.微暗的;变暗的;〈诗〉同dusky;
v.变暗;使变暗;
vt.& vi.设计;绘制;
vt.设计;计划;企图;决意(做);
n.设计;图案;结构;计划;
vi.设计略图;(为工艺品、装潢项目等)设计;当设计师;构思;
adj.批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的,危急的;决定性的;[物]临界的;
adj.首要的,主要的;最早的,原始的;[地质学]原生的;基本的;
n.第一位;最好者;要素;候选人提拔会;
(1) a country struggling for independence
(2) Shona struggled for breath .
(3) life as a struggling artist (= one who is very poor)
struggle[ˈstrʌgl]
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vi.搏斗;奋斗;努力;争取;
n.打斗;竞争;奋斗;
adj.无知的,愚昧的;由无知引起的;无学识的;
n.宴会,盛宴;筵席;宴请,款待;
vt.宴请,设宴招待;饮宴,参加宴会;
vi.参加宴会;
vt.许可,准许;默许,放任;允许,容许;
vi.许可,允许;
n.许可,准许;许可证,执照;
(1) It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.
(2) It soon became apparent that no one was going to come.
(3) She was becoming confused.
become[bɪˈkʌm]
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n.领域,范围;王国;(学术的)部门,界;(动植物分布的)圈,带;
vi.变为,成为;变得;变成;
vt.适合,适宜;相称,相当;变成;发生;
vt.强迫服从;实施,执行;加强;
vi.跳上[下];单足蹦跳;齐足(或双足)跳行;摘葎草花;
vt.跃过;登上(飞机、汽车、火车等);在…跳来跳去;加啤酒花于;
n.跳舞;蹦跳;(棒球等的)弹跳;(非正式)舞会;
vt.& vi.换来换去,不断更换;
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