基础词汇 :
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(1) He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death.
(2) They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger .
(3) the joys and sorrows of childhood
sorrow[ˈsɔrəu]
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n.鬼,幽灵;(尤指可怕事物的)记忆;隐约的一点点;(电视屏幕上的)重影;
vt.悄悄地行进;
vi.替人代笔;
n.悲痛;悔恨,惋惜;伤心事;
vt.& vi.悲痛;遗憾;
n.破布;碎布;破旧衣服;碎片;
vt.嘲笑,捉弄;糟蹋,欺负;指责,欺负人;
n.耐久(力),持久(力);忍耐,忍耐力;
(1) The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million.
(2) The rate of inflation increased by 2%.
(3) The price of oil increased.
increase[inˈkri:s]
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n.地区;区域,范围;面积,平地;领域;
adj.鲁莽的,不顾危险的;粗心大意的;满不在乎的;胆大妄为;
n.仙女;小仙子;小精灵;
adj.美丽的,可爱的;仙女似的;
vt.& vi.增加,增大,增多;
vt.增强,增进;[缝纫]放(针);
vi.增强;增进;增殖,繁殖;[缝纫]放针;n.增加量;增长;提高;
(1) solid brass fittings/door handles
(2) a brass plate (= a sign outside a building giving the name and profession of the person who works there)
(3) to clean/polish the brass
brass[brɑ:s]
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vt.& vi.打断(别人的话等);阻止;截断;
vt.暂停;中断;打扰;妨碍;
vi.打断;
n.中断;暂停;
n.职业,工作;占有,占领;(土地、房屋、建筑等的)使用;
vt.淹死;浸没;麻痹某人对…的意识;(一声音)淹没(另一声音);
vi.淹死;
n.黄铜;铜管乐器;钱;黄铜饰品(尤指马挽具上的黄铜圆片);
v.〈英〉付(款);[冶]把…包铜;〈口〉无耻地胡搞;
(1) He has known great misfortune in his life.
(2) We had the misfortune to run into a violent storm.
(3) She bore her misfortunes bravely.
misfortune[ˌmɪsˈfɔ:tʃu:n]
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n.争吵,口角;反目;抱怨…的原因(理由);[史]方镞箭,角镞箭;
vi.争辩,争吵;不同意;挑剔;责备,埋怨;
n.著作家;作者;创造者;发起人;
vt.创作出版;n.作者;创造者;发起人;
n.不幸;厄运;不幸的事;灾难;
n.灵魂;精神;幽灵;人;
adj.美国黑人文化的;
(1) an outstanding player/achievement/success
(2) an area of outstanding natural beauty
(3) the outstanding features of the landscape
outstanding[aʊtˈstændɪŋ]
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adj.杰出的;显著的;凸出的;未完成的;
n.火,燃烧物;火灾;射击,发射;热情;
vt.& vi.开火,射击;燃烧;引爆炸药;充满热情;
vt.<口>解雇;射(箭);激励;射出(子弹);
adj.哑的,无说话能力的;不说话的,无声的;沉默的,无言的;口齿不清的,(在政府中)无代言人的,政治上无发言权的;
vt.不顾;不理会;漠视,忽视;蔑视,轻视;
n.漠视,忽视;不理,不顾;不尊重;
(1) It required a statesman's foresight and sagacity to make the decision.
(2) sagacity, unlike cleverness, usually increases with age.
(3) I hesitate to record the many other instances of his sagacity.
sagacity[səˈgæsɪti:]
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n.精明,精确的判断;卓识;
adj.决定性的;坚定的;果断的,决断的;
n.恭维;敬意;道贺,贺词;致意;
vt.向…道贺;称赞;向…致意;
adj.不可能的,做不到的;难以忍受的;不会有的,不能相信的;
n.不可能;不可能的事;
(1) Stop talking in riddles (= saying things that are confusing) ─say what you mean.
(2) to solve the riddle of the Sphinx
(3) the riddle of how the baby died
riddle[ˈrɪdl]
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n.材料,原料;素材;布,织物;适当人选;
adj.物质的;肉体的;重要的,决定性的;辩证的,推论的;
n.残忍;残忍的行为;残酷行为;虐待;
n.费用;花费的钱;消耗;花钱的东西;
vt.向…收取费用;把…作为开支勾销;
n.粗筛;谜语;猜不透的难题,难解之谜;
v.用筛分选(卵石等),筛分;用子弹把耙子打成蜂窝似的;精查(证据);解(谜),猜;
(1) An interesting feature of the city is the old market.
(2) Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme.
(3) Which features do you look for when choosing a car?
feature[ˈfi:tʃə(r)]
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n.衣服;服装;
v.给…穿衣服;
n.停止,中止;暂停;小火车站;
vt.使停止;使中断;阻止;使立定;
vi.停止,立定;犹豫;
n.特征,特点;容貌,面貌;(期刊的)特辑;故事片;
vt.使有特色;描写…的特征;以…为号召物;
vi.起主要作用;作重要角色;
vt.获得,得到;流行;买到,达到(目的);
vi.通行,通用;流行;存在;
(1) a country struggling for independence
(2) Shona struggled for breath .
(3) life as a struggling artist (= one who is very poor)
struggle[ˈstrʌgl]
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vt.把…合成一体,合并;巩固,加强;统一;合计金额;
vi.统一;合并;联合;
n.交谈,会话;交往,交际;会谈;(人与计算机的)人机对话;
vi.搏斗;奋斗;努力;争取;
n.打斗;竞争;奋斗;
n.烦恼,忧虑;担心;撕咬;
vi.担心,焦虑;为…发愁;撕咬;
vt.使烦恼;烦扰;撕咬;
(1) a critical moment in our country's history
(2) One of the victims of the fire remains in a critical condition .
(3) Students are encouraged to develop critical thinking instead of accepting opinions without questioning them.
critical[ˈkrɪtɪkl]
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n.原因;动机;(某种行为、感情等的)理由;缘故;
vt.成为…的原因;导致;引起;使遭受;
adj.批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的,危急的;决定性的;[物]临界的;
adj.直率的;直接的;
adv.立刻;直率地;
n.直路;
n.交换;交易;交易所;兑换(率);
vt.交换,互换;兑换;交换,调换;
vi.交换,替换;进行易货贸易,作物物交换;[金融业](货币)交换,兑换;
(1) I haven't seen hide nor hair of her for a month.
(2) She'd do anything to save her own hide .
(3) All he's worried about is his own hide (= himself) .
hide[haɪd]
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adj.跛的,瘸的;僵痛的;差劲的,无说服力的;蹩脚的;
vi.变跛;
vt.使跛,使残废;把…弄残废;
n.(金属)薄板,薄片;(古代护身甲上的)重叠金属片;
vt.隐藏;躲避,隐匿,躲藏;遮蔽,覆盖;
vi.隐瞒;遮住;遮挡;掩盖;
n.兽皮;<口>生命;<口>人的皮肤;(观看野生动物的)隐蔽处;
n.咽喉;颈前部;[植物学]管颈;
vt.用沙哑的声音或嗓音发音;
n.命运,宿命;灾难,死亡;命中注定的事(尤指坏事);
v.注定;
(1) a carved doorway
(2) The statue was carved out of a single piece of stone.
(3) The wood had been carved into the shape of a flower.
carve[kɑ:v]
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vt.& vi.吞,咽;忍耐,忍受;
vt.不流露;<口>忍受,轻信;
n.[鸟]燕子;胃管,食道;一次吞咽的量;(滑车等的)通索孔;
adj.聪明的;理解力强的;有智力的;[计]智能的;
vi.切,切开;雕刻;创制,开创;
vt.切片;雕塑;
adj.优越的;杰出的;例外的;独特的;
n.超常的学生;
(1) savage dogs
(2) She had been badly hurt in what police described as ‘a savage attack ’.
(3) savage public spending cuts
savage[ˈsævɪdʒ]
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adj.未开化的;野蛮的;凶猛的;残忍的;
vt.(动物)凶狠地攻击(或伤害);残害;猛烈批评;激烈抨击;
n.未开化的人,野蛮人;野兽;<美>有拘捕狂的警察;
vt.& vi.抓住;逮捕;捉拿;俘获;
vt.夺取;占领;起获;没收;
n.和解,调停;一致;服从,顺从;和谐;
adj.好问的,好奇的;爱打听的;
n.好询问的人;爱打听别人事情的人;
(1) a singing contest
(2) a talent contest
(3) to enter/win/lose a contest
contest[kənˈtest]
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vt.竞争,为…而奋争;辩驳;
vi.争斗;竞争;争夺;n.比赛;竞赛;搏斗;
vt.奉承,阿谀;使满意,使高兴;(画像等的形象)美于(真人[实物]);
n.[机]平面锤;压平机;扁平槽;敲平的人;
vi.呻吟;发牢骚;抱怨;吱嘎声:因压力而发出声响;
vt.呻吟着说,呻吟着表示;
n.呻吟,叹息;呻吟般的声音;
n.挑战;盘问;质疑;怀疑;
vt.质疑;向…挑战;
vi.提出挑战,要求竞赛(或竞争);驳斥;
(1) divine law/love/will
(2) divine intervention (= help from God to change a situation)
(3) She could divine what he was thinking just by looking at him.
divine[dɪˈvaɪn]
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vt.缺乏,缺少;需要的东西;
n.缺乏,不足,没有;缺少的东西;
adj.神的, 天赐的;极好的;神圣的;
vt.&vi.占卜,预言;猜测, 预测;(用丫形杖)探测(地下水);
n.牧师;神学家;
adj.(指人)富于幻想的;(指物)设计或装饰新颖奇特的;奇怪的,稀奇的;不现实;
n.<语>短语;成语;说法;乐句;
vt.叙述,措词;
vt.& vi.划分乐句,分乐节(尤指为奏乐或歌唱);
(1) His wife has a strong personality.
(2) The children all have very different personalities.
(3) He maintained order by sheer force of personality.
personality[ˌpɜ:səˈnæləti]
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adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;目前的,当前的;直觉的;
vt.折叠;包裹,缠绕;使搭接;磨亮,磨平;
vi.折叠;部分重叠;舔;包围;
n.膝;下摆;一圈跑道;范围;
n.胡须;[虫]口鬃,[动]颌毛;(牡蛎等的)鳃;[植]芒;
vt.使有胡须(颌毛,芒刺);抓(捋)住…的胡子,拔…的胡子;公然反对,勇敢地对抗;
n.生而为人;人格,人品,个性;人物;名人;
(1) to roast a chicken
(2) the smell of roasting meat
(3) roasted chestnuts
roast[rəust]
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vt.邀请;请求;引诱;招致;
n.邀请;
vt.& vi.烤,烘,焙;
vt.嘲讽,挖苦;
n.烤肉;户外烧烤野餐;
adj.烤好的,烤制的;
vt.& vi.热烈地拥抱,抱住,紧抱;
vt.紧靠…走;抱有,持有;
n.紧抱,热烈拥抱;
vi.缠紧,缚紧(某物,尤指人体);
adj.愚蠢的;迟钝的;乏味的;晕眩的,昏迷不醒的;
n.<口>傻子,笨蛋;
(1) fishing ports
(2) Rotterdam is a major port.
(3) a naval port
port[pɔ:t]
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n.肘部;弯头,扶手;肘形管,弯管;
vt.用肘推挤(另一人或另一些人);用手肘推开;
vi.用肘推搡着前进;在拐角处转弯;
n.轻松,舒适;容易;安逸;不拘束,自在;
vt.解除痛苦;减轻;延缓;松弛;
vi.缓解,减少;轻松前进;
n.港口;(事情的)意义;(计算机与其他设备的)接口;(船、飞机等的)左舷;
vt.举枪;持枪;左转舵;
vi.转向左舷;
adj.左舷的,左侧的;
vt.& vi.转舵(向左),把(舵)转向左边;
adv.向左舷,向左;
vt.征服;攻克;打败(敌人);克服;
vi.得胜,胜利;
(1) (North Amercian English)to run for election
(2) election campaigns/results
(3) to win/lose an election
election[ɪˈlekʃn]
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n.谋杀;杀戮;极艰难[令人沮丧]的经历;
vt.凶杀;糟蹋;打垮;
vi.杀人;
n.选举,当选;选举权;[神]神的选择;
n.誓言;郑重宣布;
vt.& vi.起誓,发誓;郑重宣告;
n.道德;道德准则;品德高尚的行为;道德观;
(1) His name was inscribed on the trophy.
(2) The trophy was inscribed with his name.
(3) She signed the book and inscribed the words ‘with grateful thanks ’ on it.
inscribe[ɪnˈskraɪb]
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vt.雕,刻;题写,题献;
vt.烦扰,打扰;使…不安,使…恼怒;使迷惑;烦恼;
vi.操心;麻烦;烦恼;
n.麻烦,操心;累赘;烦扰,吵闹;讨厌的人;
adj.黑暗的;令人沮丧的;前景黯淡的;悲观的,阴郁的;
n.宽容;怜悯;幸运;侥幸;
(1) your native land/country/city
(2) It is a long time since he has visited his native Chile.
(3) Her native language is Korean.
native[ˈneɪtɪv]
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adj.本国的;土著的;天生的;天真的,纯朴的;
n.当地人;土著人;当地产的动(植)物;
vt.& vi.反射(光、热、声或影像);考虑;
vt.反射,反照;表达;显示;折转;
vi.映出;反射;深思熟虑;慎重表达;
vt.自夸,自吹自擂;夸口说;以有…而自豪;自负有;
n.夸口,自负;自负的事物,引以为傲的东西;自夸的话;扬言;
adj.美味的,可口的;有趣的;;喷香;
(1) Everyone is so envious of her.
(2) They were envious of his success.
(3) He saw the envious look in the other boy's eyes.
envious[ˈenviəs]
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adj.嫉妒的;羡慕的;热;
n.拂晓,黎明;天亮;旦;天明;
n.空闲时间;闲暇;悠闲;安逸;
adj.空闲的;闲暇的;
n.光纤;(织物的)质地;纤维,纤维物质;
(1) To whom it may concern … (= used for example, at the beginning of a public notice or of a job reference about sb's character and ability)
(2) Everyone who was directly concerned in (= had some responsibility for) the incident has now resigned.
(3) The individuals concerned have some explaining to do.
concern[kənˈsɜ:n]
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n.运动;手势;动机,意向;请求;
vt.打手势;向某人点头或摇头示意;打手势要求[指示];
vi.运动;打手势;
vt.涉及,关系到;使关心,使担忧;参与;
n.关心;关系,有关;顾虑;公司或企业;
n.沟渠;壕沟;
vt.摆脱,抛弃;在…上掘沟;把…开入沟里;使(火车)出轨;
vi.使(飞机)在海上紧急降落,(在海上)迫降;开沟;
vt.吸收(液体、气体等);吸引(注意);吞并,合并;忍受,承担(费用);
(1) an elected assembly/leader/representative
(2) the newly elected government
(3) She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.
elect[ɪˈlekt]
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vt.固定;准备;修理;使牢固;
vi.固着;变硬;安定;
n.困境;定位于;受操纵的事;应急措施;
vt.选举;挑出,挑选;决定;
vi.选择,挑选;进行选举;
adj.精选的,选出的;选中的,当选而尚未就职的;
n.被选的人;
adj.强大的;权力大的;(药)有效地;
adv.很;非常;
n.首都;资本;资源;大写字母;
adj.极好的;最重要的;资本的;首都的;
(1) It happened─whether by accident or design ─that the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone.
(2) The tiles come in a huge range of colours and designs.
(3) a course in art and design
design[dɪˈzaɪn]
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n.运动;活动;动作,举动;乐章;
adj.消极的,否认的;[数]负的;[心]反抗性的;无预期结果的;
n.否定词语;否定的观点;消极性;[摄]底片;
vt.否定;拒绝;
vt.& vi.设计;绘制;
vt.设计;计划;企图;决意(做);
n.设计;图案;结构;计划;
vi.设计略图;(为工艺品、装潢项目等)设计;当设计师;构思;
vt.向…欢呼,为…喝采;称赞;欢呼或拥戴(某人)为…;
vi.欢呼,喝采;
n.热烈欢迎或赞同;赞扬;
(1) The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
(2) The price of wheat has decreased by 15%.
(3) This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.
decrease[dɪˈkri:s]
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adj.错误的;不正确的;秕谬;讹;
n.意外事件;事故;机遇,偶然;附属品;
n.减少,减小;减少量;
vi.&vt.减少,减小;
adj.可以吃的,可食用的;
n.食物;
(1) He has decided to grow a beard and a moustache.
(2) a week's growth of beard
(3) a goat's beard
beard[biəd]
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n.胡须;[虫]口鬃,[动]颌毛;(牡蛎等的)鳃;[植]芒;
vt.使有胡须(颌毛,芒刺);抓(捋)住…的胡子,拔…的胡子;公然反对,勇敢地对抗;
n.减少,减小;减少量;
vi.&vt.减少,减小;
vt.预防;阻碍;阻止;[宗教]引领;
vi.阻挠,阻止;
n.机会;适当的时机良机;有利的环境,条件;
(1) a water-saving device
(2) electrical labour-saving devices around the home
(3) A powerful device exploded outside the station.
device[dɪˈvaɪs]
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n.部分;零件;作用;角色;
vt.使分裂;拆移;使分开;
vi.分开;分离;分岔;
adv.不完全地,部分地;
adj.不完全的,部分的;
n.入口,进口;进入;进入方法,进入方式;入场权;
vt.使出神,使入迷;使喜悦,使狂喜;
n.装置,设备;方法;策略;手段;
adj.有效率的;(直接)生效的;能干的;(因省钱、省时或省力等而)收效大的;
(1) He couldn't conceal his envy of me.
(2) She felt a pang of envy at the thought of his success.
(3) They looked with envy at her latest purchase.
envy[ˈenvi]
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n.花费,支出;费用,经费;(尤指金钱的)支出额;(精力、时间、材料等的)耗费;
adj.有男子气概的;适合男子的;强壮的;
adv.以男人的方式;
n.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;
vi.感到妒忌;显示出妒忌;
vt.授权,批准,委托;
(1) This was one aspect of her character he hadn't seen before.
(2) Events began to take on a more sinister aspect.
(3) The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.
aspect[ˈæspekt]
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n.(发明等的)公开;泄露,揭露;开诚布公的话;被公开的事情,被披露的秘闻;
vt.对…指导错误,把…引入歧途;
n.贷款;借款;借用;
vt.借,借给;
vi.借出;
n.方面;面貌;方位,方向;形势;
(1) to plan/lead/go on an expedition to the North Pole
(2) Three members of the Everest expedition were killed.
(3) a shopping expedition
expedition[ˌekspəˈdɪʃn]
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vt.(使)转变;使皈依;兑换,换算;侵占;
vi.经过转变;被改变;[橄榄球] 触地得分后得附加分;
n.皈依者;改变宗教信仰者;
n.暂时的停顿;犹豫;(诗中)节奏的停顿;[乐]延长号;
vi.暂停,中止;逗留,停滞;(按暂停键)暂停放音;犹豫;
n.考察,远航;考察队,远征军;(短途的)旅行;迅速(办理);
vt.& vi.(使)变冷;使很冷;使冰冷;使恐惧;
n.寒冷,发冷;冷漠;扫兴;[冶金学]激冷;
adj.冷的;冷漠的;令人失望的;
vt.令失望;使沮丧;使扫兴;使消沉;
(1) an area of permanent/rough/rich pasture
(2) high mountain pastures
(3) The cattle were put out to pasture .
pasture[ˈpɑ:stʃə(r)]
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vt.& vi.原谅; 饶恕; 对不起;请原谅 ;
vt.免除;
vi.犹豫,踌躇;不愿;支吾;停顿;
vt.对…犹豫;不情愿;
adj.绝望的;由绝望而引起的;铤而走险的,孤注一掷的;急切的,极度渴望的;
n.牧草地,牧场;牲畜饲养,放牧;
vt.& vi.放牧;
vi.吃草;
(1) It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.
(2) It soon became apparent that no one was going to come.
(3) She was becoming confused.
become[bɪˈkʌm]
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n.兴趣,爱好;利害关系,利益;利息;趣味,感兴趣的事;
vt.使产生兴趣;使参与,使加入;引起…的意愿;使产生关系;
vi.变为,成为;变得;变成;
vt.适合,适宜;相称,相当;变成;发生;
n.绝望的;不顾一切拼命;
adj.热心的;诚挚的,真挚的;重要的;
n.热心;认真;定钱,保证金;诚挚;
(1) She greeted him civilly but with no sign of affection.
(2) a civil marriage ceremony
(3) a civil court
civil[ˈsɪvl]
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adj.聪明的;敏捷的;漂亮的;整齐的;
vi.疼痛;感到刺痛;难过;
n.创伤;刺痛;疼痛;痛苦;
vt.引起…的疼痛(或痛苦、苦恼等);
adv.聪明伶俐地,轻快地,漂亮地;
adj.公民的,市民的;文明的,有礼貌的;民用的,国民间的;[法]民事的,根据民法的;
vt.从事;使从事(某种事业等);吸引或引起(注意、兴趣等);与(某人)交战;
vi.订婚;从事;保证;
vi.变为,成为;变得;变成;
vt.适合,适宜;相称,相当;变成;发生;
(1) Good grief! What a mess!
(2) Several pedestrians came to grief on the icy pavement.
(3) He caused his parents a lot of grief.
grief[gri:f]
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vt.& vi.尖叫;引人注意;发出一种类似尖叫的声音;
n.尖叫声;尖锐的声音:一种能使人联想起这种尖叫的声音;
vt.鼓励,鼓舞;支持;促进;鼓动;
n.悲伤;悲痛;悲伤的事;
adj.精力充沛的,充满活力的;精力旺盛的,精神饱满的;(措施等)积极的,有力的;雄健;
(1) an elective body
(2) elective surgery
(3) an elective member
elective[ɪˈlektɪv]
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adj.选任的;有选举权的;(课程)选修的;(可选择的)可选择的;
n.选修课程;
vi.发生;出现;闪现;
adj.男性的;雄性的;有力的;[植]雄性的,仅有雄蕊的;
n.男;雄性动物;[植]雄性植物;马累[马律];
vt.& vi.购买,购得;
n.交易,买卖;便宜货;
vt.够支付;买通;收买;贿赂;
(1) She closely resembles her sister.
(2) So many hotels resemble each other.
(3) The plant resembles grass in appearance.
resemble[rɪˈzembl]
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vt.与…相像,类似于;
vt.与…相像,类似于;
n.旅行,旅程行期;历程,过程;
vi.旅行,出游;
vt.在…旅行或旅行到过…;
n.农场主,农民;承包人;
(1) It would be foolish to raise hopes unnecessarily...
(2) It is foolish to risk skin cancer.
(3) I just stood there feeling foolish and watching him...
foolishness[ˈfu:lɪʃnɪs]
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n.装配;集会;[军]集合号,集合鼓,集合;[机]装配,装配车间,供装配的零件;
vi.闪耀,闪烁;活跃,焕发活力和才智;
n.光亮;活力;
n.地区,地域,地带;行政区,管辖区;(大气,海水等的)层,界,境;(学问等的)范围,领域;
n.愚蠢,愚笨;
(1) Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.
(2) You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership.
(3) As a member of the nobility, his life had been one of wealth and privilege.
privilege[ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ]
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vt.& vi.唤醒,(使)觉醒;(使)意识到;
vt.激起;
vt.把…奉献(给),把…专用(于);奉献;
n.牧草地,牧场;牲畜饲养,放牧;
vt.& vi.放牧;
vi.吃草;
n.特权;(因财富和社会地位而仅有部分人享有的)权益;免责特权;特殊荣幸;
vt.给与…特权,特免;
(1) an act of sheer folly
(2) Giving up a secure job seems to be the height of folly.
(3) It would be folly to turn the offer down.
folly[ˈfɔli:]
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n.制造,创造;创造物,产物;(尤指<圣经>所述由上帝)创造天地,宇宙;(爵位等的)封授;
vt.& vi.将(某物)切开(或分割);
vt.削减;剪切;切成;删剪;
vi.电影;(为决定谁先出牌等)切牌;可被切割;可用于切割;
n.切口;削减;剪裁;切片;
n.,蠢笨蠢笨;愚行;讽刺剧;
n.主题;话题,论题;标题,细目;
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