(1) Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals' behaviour.
(2) results based on scientific observations
(3) We managed to escape observation (= we were not seen) .

(1) They stood in a doorway kissing (= kissing each other) .
(2) Do people in Britain kiss when they meet?
(3) Go and kiss your mother goodnight.

(1) He was a liar and a cheat...
(2) 'She seems at times an accomplished liar,' he said.
(3) I'll be revenged on the whole lot of you for this.

(1) the changing seasons
(2) the cricket/hunting/shooting, etc. season
(3) He scored his first goal of the season on Saturday.

(1) Her husband had been deceiving her for years.
(2) She deceived him into handing over all his savings.
(3) You're deceiving yourself if you think he'll change his mind.

(1) Nothing breeds success like success.
(2) Fear of failure was bred into him at an early age.
(3) Labradors and other large breeds of dog

(1) a tennis/rugby/chess, etc. player
(2) a game for four players
(3) a midfield player

(1) the transportation industry
(2) public transportation (= the system of buses, trains, etc. provided for people to travel from one place to another)
(3) The city is providing free transportation to the stadium from downtown.

(1) a loyal friend/supporter
(2) She has always remained loyal to her political principles.
(3) They had remained loyal to the president...

(1) Don't eat between meals.
(2) Children must attend school between the ages of 5 and 16.
(3) Many changes took place between the two world wars.

(1) I think we've exhausted that particular topic.
(2) My car needs a new exhaust.
(3) Even a short walk exhausted her.

(1) a pleasant climate/evening/place
(2) What a pleasant surprise!
(3) to live in pleasant surroundings

(1) a carpenter's bench
(2) a park bench
(3) His lawyer turned to address the bench.

(1) a slice of melon
(2) Fresh and lifted aromas of white peach, rock melon and mango with a touch of lemon.
(3) We garnished the melon with strawberries.

(1) Be careful not to confuse quantity with quality.
(2) His comments only served to confuse the issue further.
(3) People often confuse me and my twin sister.

(1) cultural/natural/social phenomena
(2) Globalization is a phenomenon of the 21st century.
(3) ...scientific explanations of natural phenomena...

(1) In july 1957, we were married in New York.
(2) "Eat before july 14" was stamped on the label.
(3) Execution by lethal injection is scheduled for july 30th.

(1) government/public/personal finances
(2) It's about time you sorted out your finances.
(3) Moving house put a severe strain on our finances.

(1) Have you looked under the bed?
(2) She placed the ladder under (= just lower than) the window.
(3) The dog squeezed under the gate and ran into the road.

(1) You can all come? excellent!
(2) (informal)It was absolutely excellent.
(3) She speaks excellent French.

(1) cancer patients
(2) He's one of Dr Shaw's patients.
(3) She's very patient with young children.

(1) I tore my jeans on the fence.
(2) I tore a hole in my jeans.
(3) He tore the letter in two.

(1) I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started.
(2) fortunately for him, he was very soon offered another job.
(3) fortunately, the weather that winter was reasonably mild...

(1) the social dimension of unemployment
(2) Her job added a new dimension to her life.
(3) a problem of considerable dimensions

(1) There is an urgent need for more hospital beds.
(2) hospital doctors/nurses/staff
(3) a psychiatric/mental hospital

(1) childhood, adolescence and adulthood
(2) in early childhood
(3) childhood memories/experiences

(1) multinational corporations
(2) the Chrysler corporation
(3) urban development corporations

(1) the southern counties
(2) county boundaries
(3) Orange county

(1) speaking in hushed/low/clipped/measured, etc. tones
(2) a conversational tone
(3) a tone of surprise

(1) a pork/lamb chop
(2) a karate chop
(3) The dog sat licking its chops.

(1) The interviews were given to a random sample of students.
(2) The survey covers a representative sample of schools.
(3) a sample survey

(1) snowy fields
(2) a snowy weekend
(3) snowy hair

(1) experimental theatre/art/music
(2) The equipment is still at the experimental stage.
(3) experimental conditions/data/evidence

(1) a calf/neck/thigh muscle
(2) to pull/tear/strain a muscle
(3) This exercise will work the muscles of the lower back.

(1) a coal cellar
(2) ...the restaurant's extensive wine cellar.
(3) The box of papers had been stored in a cellar at the family home.

(1) The spokesman refused to disclose details of the takeover to the press.
(2) The report discloses that human error was to blame for the accident.
(3) It was disclosed that two women were being interviewed by the police.

(1) a bottle of rosé
(2) an excellent rosé
(3) a bunch of red roses

(1) He brought her breakfast in bed on a tray.
(2) She came in with a tray of drinks.
(3) a tea tray

(1) heavy/rush-hour traffic
(2) local/through traffic
(3) There's always a lot of traffic at this time of day.

(1) The application forms have now been simplified.
(2) I hope his appointment will simplify matters .
(3) a simplified version of the story for young children