背单词v3

(1) Please be polite to our guests.
(2) We were all too polite to object.
(3) I don't know how to make polite conversation .

polite
[pəˈlaɪt]
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vt.& vi.唤醒，（使）觉醒；（使）意识到；
vt.激起；

adj.有礼貌的；有教养的，文雅的；上流社会的；应酬的，客套的；

vi.喘气，喘息；倒抽气；渴望；
vt.喘着气说出；
n.喘气，喘息；

n.同伴；[天]伴星(=~star)；（用于书名）指南；同甘共苦的伙伴；
vt.同行；陪伴；

(1) an enthusiastic supporter
(2) an enthusiastic welcome
(3) You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea.

enthusiastic
[ɪnˌθju:ziˈæstɪk]
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vt.强迫服从；实施，执行；加强；

adj.热心的；热情的；热烈的；狂热的；

n.赞扬，称赞；崇拜；赞词；
v.赞扬，赞美；歌颂；崇拜；

adj.有益健康的；健全的；合乎卫生的；

(1) He's always begging off at the last minute.
(2) ‘Just go away. ’ ‘I beg your pardon! ’
(3) She begged that she be allowed to go.

beg
[beg]
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vt.& vi.乞讨；恳求（原谅）；回避（问题）；

adj.敞开的，开着的；公开的，公共的；坦率的；有议论余地的；
vt.& vi.（打）开；开始；睁开；启动；
n.户外，野外；空旷；公开；
vi.使打开；展示，显现；
vt.张开；开放；开张营业；为（建筑物）揭幕；

n.衣服；服装；
v.给…穿衣服；

adj.宽的；普遍的；广阔的；张大的，开得很大的；
adv.广泛地；充分地；广阔地；
n.广大的世界；[板]歪球；

(1) The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims.
(2) The newspaper is distributed free.
(3) The money was distributed among schools in the area.

distribute
[dɪˈstrɪbju:t]
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n.精明，精确的判断；卓识；

vt.离开；放弃，抛弃；停止，中断；偿清；
vi.停止；放弃斗争；辞职；
adj.自由的；摆脱了责任或义务的；

vt.分配，散布；散发，分发；把…分类；[电]配电；

n.鼻孔；鼻孔内壁；

(1) This land is ripe for development.
(2) The conditions were ripe for social change.
(3) Reforms were promised when the time was ripe .

ripe
[raɪp]
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n.木工，木匠；
v.当木匠；做木工活；

adj.成熟的；醇美可口的；老练的；时机成熟的；
v.〈诗〉同“ripen“；

n.描述；形容；种类；类型；

vt.& vi.打，打击；碰撞；
vt.击（球）；（在精神上）打击（某人）；猜中；迎合；
n.打，打击；碰撞；（演出等）成功；批评，讽刺；
vi.（风暴、疾病等）袭击；抨击；（偶然）碰上；（突然）想到（与 on, upon 连用）；

(1) The car was completely crushed under the truck.
(2) They crush the olives with a heavy wooden press.
(3) Several people were crushed to death in the accident.

crush
[krʌʃ]
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n.毕业；毕业典礼；刻度，分度；分等级；

vt.授权，批准，委托；

n.薄雾；视线模糊不清；液体喷雾；
vt.（使）蒙上薄雾；（使）模糊；
vi.下雾；变模糊；

vt.压破，压碎；镇压；弄皱；挤榨，榨出；
vi.挤；被压碎，被起皱；
n.粉碎，被压碎的状态；（特指女子对男性的）迷恋；拥挤的人群；果汁饮料；

(1) There's only one seat so you'll have to sit on my lap .
(2) She sat with her hands in her lap .
(3) the fastest lap on record

lap
[læp]
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adj.镇定的；平静的；（海洋，天气等）安静的，平静的；（人）从容不迫的；
vt.& vi.（使）平静，（使）镇定；（使）镇静；
n.平静；镇定；安定；无风；
vt.使安静；使冷静；使镇定；使（疼痛等）减轻；
vi.安静下来，平静下来，镇静下来；

vt.& vi.愚弄，嘲弄；
vt.使受挫折；不尊重，蔑视；
adj.仿制的；模拟的；虚假的；不诚实的；
n.（英国）模拟考试；

vt.自夸，自吹自擂；夸口说；以有…而自豪；自负有；
n.夸口，自负；自负的事物，引以为傲的东西；自夸的话；扬言；

vt.折叠；包裹，缠绕；使搭接；磨亮，磨平；
vi.折叠；部分重叠；舔；包围；
n.膝；下摆；一圈跑道；范围；

(1) He heaped his team with praise.
(2) He heaped praise on his team.
(3) She heaped my plate with food.

heap
[hi:p]
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n.堆，堆积；<口>许多，大量；<俚>破车；
vt.扔成一堆；完全填满，灌满；大量或奢侈的赠予；

n.运送，运输；运输系统；运输工具；流放；

adj.易看见的，可看见的；显然的，明明白白的；貌似的，表面的；显见；

n.n.大罐，壶，一大罐（壶）的容量；
vt.用陶罐或坛子煮，炖，煨；把…关进监狱；

(1) Hundreds of people attended the funeral.
(2) a funeral procession
(3) a funeral march (= a sad piece of music suitable for funerals)

funeral
[ˈfju:nərəl]
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n.（总称）牛，牲口；畜生；无价值的人；〈美俚〉女学生；

n.对比，对照；差异；对照物，对立面；[摄]反差；vi.对比；形成对照；
vt.使对照，使对比；和…形成对照；

adj.非凡的，特别的；意外的，离奇的；临时的，特派的；不寻常；

n.葬礼，丧礼；〈比喻〉不愉快的事，操心的事，有关系的事；
adj.葬礼的；出殡用的，出殡时的；

(1) national security (= the defence of a country)
(2) airport security
(3) They carried out security checks at the airport.

security
[sɪˈkjʊərəti]
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n.前景，展望；观点，见解；景色；眺望处；
v.瞪着看，瞧；比…漂亮；用目光压倒；

n.皇帝，君主；

n.安全；保证，担保；保护，防护；有价证券；
adj.安全的，保安的，保密的；

n.文学；文学作品；文献；著作；

(1) to make a purchase (= buy sth)
(2) Keep your receipt as proof of purchase .
(3) The company has just announced its £27 million purchase of Park Hotel.

purchase

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vt.击败，战胜；挫败；[法]宣告无效，作废；
n.战胜；失败；[法]废除；

n.暂时的停顿；犹豫；（诗中）节奏的停顿；[乐]延长号；
vi.暂停，中止；逗留，停滞；（按暂停键）暂停放音；犹豫；

n.收入，进款；进来的动作；进入；

v.购买；（用牺牲等）换取；依靠机械力移动；（房屋、地产等的）置得（指非继承所得）；
n.购买；购买的物品；

(1) a parish priest
(2) the ordination of women priests
(3) He had trained to be a Catholic priest.

priest
[pri:st]
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n.神父，牧师；司铎，司祭；领导者；神甫；
vt.使成为神职人员；

n.机会；适当的时机良机；有利的环境，条件；

adj.绝望的；由绝望而引起的；铤而走险的，孤注一掷的；急切的，极度渴望的；

vt.建立，创建；确立或使安全；使被安排好；使成为；

(1) He asked where I lived.
(2) I had to ask the teacher what to do next.
(3) I was asked if/whether I could drive.

ask
[ɑ:sk]
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vt.& vi.问，询问；需要；要求，请求；邀请；
vt.邀请；请求允许；要价；询问；
vi.请，邀请；询问；要求；

n.收益，得益；利润；红利；净值利润率；
vt.有益于…，对…有益的；得益，得益；创利润；
vi.有益；获利；

vt.使惊恐，使恐慌；吓走，赶走；
vi.害怕，惊恐；

n.神父，牧师；司铎，司祭；领导者；神甫；
vt.使成为神职人员；

(1) a pile of books/clothes/bricks
(2) He arranged the documents in neat piles.
(3) She looked in horror at the mounting pile of letters on her desk.

pile
[paɪl]
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vt.邀请；请求；引诱；招致；
n.邀请；

n.桩；一堆；绒头；摞；
vt.堆起；堆叠；放置；装入；
vi.蜂拥，拥挤；

n.事件；意外发生的事；
v.发生(happen的现在分词)；碰巧；

vt.通知；布告；

(1) The book's virtues far outweigh its faults.
(2) The system, for all its faults , is the best available at the moment.
(3) a major fault in the design

fault
[fɔ:lt]
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vt.选举；挑出，挑选；决定；
vi.选择，挑选；进行选举；
adj.精选的，选出的；选中的，当选而尚未就职的；
n.被选的人；

vt.放映；计划；发射；展现，使突出；
vi.伸出，突出；n.工程，事业；计划，方案；科研项目，课题；

n.缺点，缺陷；过错，责任；[电]故障；（猎狗的）失去嗅迹；
vt.挑剔，找…的缺点；批评；做错，在…中出错；[地质学]产生断层；
vi.找错误，挑剔；[地质学]变动从而产生断层；

vt.想，设想；想像；料想，猜想；误认为；
vi.想象；猜想，推测；

(1) Marriages usually break down as a result of the shortcomings of both partners...
(2) His book has its shortcomings.
(3) The importance advantages and shortcoming of the orimulsion imported from Venezula are analyzed in the paper.

shortcoming
[ˈʃɔ:tkʌmɪŋ]
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vt.& vi.使满意，满足；
vt.使确信；符合，达到（要求、规定、标准等）；消除；履行；
vi.使满足或足够；使满意；

n.有孔小珠，念珠；水珠，露珠；珠子项链；
vt.用小珠装饰；使成串珠状；
vi.形成珠状；起泡；

vt.表现，象征；代表，代理；扮演；作为示范；
vi.代表；提出异议；

n.短处，缺点；

(1) the outbreak of war
(2) an outbreak of typhoid
(3) outbreaks of rain are expected in the afternoon.

outbreak
[ˈaʊtbreɪk]
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n.通讯，通信；交流；书信；传达；

vt.创造，创作；产生；封爵，把…封为（贵族）；
vi.[英][俚]大发脾气，大发牢骚；

n.（战争，怒气等的）爆发；突然发生；
vi.爆发；

adj.好奇的；好求知的；奇妙的；稀奇的；

(1) She was educated in the US.
(2) He was educated at his local comprehensive school and then at Oxford.
(3) Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug-taking.

educate
[ˈedʒukeɪt]
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vt.& vi.教育，教导；训练，培养；
vt.使理解或接受；

adj.精神的；心灵的；高尚的，崇高的；宗教的；
n.圣歌（尤指美国南部黑人的）；教会事物；

n.招待，邀请；请柬，请帖；引诱，吸引，诱惑；

n.光纤；（织物的）质地；纤维，纤维物质；

(1) Bombs were exploding all around the city.
(2) There was a huge bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.
(3) Bomb disposal experts exploded the device under controlled conditions.

explode
[iksˈpləud]
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n.诗，诗歌；诗意，诗情；作诗；诗歌艺术；

vi.爆[突]发，发怒；激增，迅速扩大；
vt.（使）爆炸；突然（发出巨响，活跃起来，迸发感情）；推翻；驳倒；

vt.宽恕；原谅；赦免；劳驾；
n.饶恕，原谅；赦免；[宗]免罪符；
int.（用于请求别人重复某事）什么，请再说一遍；

n.保证，担保；保证人，保证书；抵押品；
vt.保证，担保；

(1) Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.
(2) I felt obliged to ask them to dinner.
(3) He suffered a serious injury that obliged him to give up work.

oblige
[əˈblaɪdʒ]
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n.航行（学）；航海（术）；海上交通；

vt.强制，强迫；使负债务；使感激；施惠于；
vi.施恩惠；帮忙，效劳；

n.保存，储备，储存；[商]准备金，公积金；预备品；储藏量；
vt.储备；保留；预约；
vi.预订；
adj.保留的；预备的；

vt.浸泡，浸透；吸入；沉浸在（工作或学习中）；湿透；
vi.浸泡；渗透或浸透，渗出；讲话者暂停了一下；[俚语] 酗酒；
n.湿透；酒鬼；浸湿性；[俚语]醉汉；

(1) The report highlights a number of instances of injustice.
(2) In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment.
(3) I would normally suggest taking time off work, but in this instance I'm not sure that would do any good.

instance
[ˈɪnstəns]
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n.例子，实例；情况；要求，建议；[法]诉讼手续；
vt.举…为例；

vi.皱眉；怒视；
vt.皱眉表示；对…沉下脸；
n.愁容；怒容；

n.庆祝；庆祝会（仪式）；颂扬；

n.结构；构造；建筑物；体系；
vt.构成，排列；安排；

(1) The book is full of references to growing up in India.
(2) She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.
(3) the President's passing reference to (= brief mention of) the end of the war

reference
[ˈrefrəns]
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n.动机，主旨；（艺术作品的）主题，题材；
adj.运动的；动机的；发动的；
vt.促使；

n.参考；参考书；提及，涉及；证明人，介绍人；
v.引用；参照；

n.短处，缺点；

vt.应受；应得；值得；
vi.应受报答；应得报酬；应得赔偿；应受惩罚；

(1) Nothing satisfies him─he's always complaining.
(2) The proposed plan will not satisfy everyone.
(3) The food wasn't enough to satisfy his hunger .

satisfy
[ˈsætɪsfaɪ]
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vt.& vi.登上；骑上；
vi.增加；上升；
vt.安装，架置；镶嵌，嵌入；准备上演；成立（军队等）；
n.山峰；攀，登；运载工具；底座；

n.火焰；热情，激情；〈俚〉爱人，情人；激动；
vi.燃烧，发出火焰；面红；闪光；
vt.烧；激起，激怒；

vt.& vi.使满意，满足；
vt.使确信；符合，达到（要求、规定、标准等）；消除；履行；
vi.使满足或足够；使满意；

n.梯子，阶梯；梯状物；途径；（紧身裤袜或长筒袜的）滑丝；
vi.使（袜子）发生抽丝现象；像长筒袜一样抽丝；

(1) The journey through the jungle was perilous.
(2) How did you expect us to proceed on such a perilous expedition, through unknown terrain.
(3) As the storm was approaching, the fisher - men were threatened by dangers of the most perilous nature.

perilous
[ˈperələs]
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vt.公开；揭露；使显露；使暴露；

vt.位于；说出来源；查找…的地点；确定…的位置；
vi.定位；定居；

adj.危险的，冒险的；

n.轨道；势力范围；眼眶；（人生的）旅程，生活过程；
vt.& vi.在…轨道上运行，环绕轨道运行；
vi.盘旋；绕轨道运行；
vt.绕轨道而行；进入轨道；

(1) The mechanic located the fault immediately.
(2) Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.
(3) They located their headquarters in Swindon.

locate
[ləuˈkeit]
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n.怜悯；同情；可惜的事；憾事；
vt.对…表示怜悯；对…感到同情；

vt.& vi.（使某物）旋转；使转动；使轮流，轮换；交替；
adj.[植]辐状的；有辐射部分的；

n.优秀，卓越；优点；美德；

vt.位于；说出来源；查找…的地点；确定…的位置；
vi.定位；定居；

(1) He died in mysterious circumstances.
(2) A mysterious illness is affecting all the animals.
(3) A mysterious young woman is living next door.

mysterious
[mɪˈstɪəriəs]
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adj.神秘的，诡秘的；难以理解的，不可思议的；魔；玄妙；

n.债务；负债情况；义务；罪，过失；

vt.从事；使从事（某种事业等）；吸引或引起（注意、兴趣等）；与（某人）交战；
vi.订婚；从事；保证；

adj.勇敢的，无畏的；有胆量的；英勇的；勐；

(1) She despised gossip in any form.
(2) He despised himself for being so cowardly.
(3) I can never, ever forgive him. I despise him...

despise
[dɪˈspaɪz]
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n.特征，特点；容貌，面貌；（期刊的）特辑；故事片；
vt.使有特色；描写…的特征；以…为号召物；
vi.起主要作用；作重要角色；

n.五金器具；计算机硬件；武器装备；

vt.鄙视，看不起；

vt.继续；追求；进行；追捕；
vi.追，追赶；继续进行；

(1) He has been given to believe that there may be a future for him and Maria together.
(2) For the first time in 12 years, the Democrats are giving as good as they get.
(3) I'd give anything to be like you.

give
[gɪv]
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vi.宣布参加竞选；当播音员；
vt.宣布；述说；声称；预告；

vt.& vi.给予；赠送；作出；
vt.供给；产生；举办；（为购买某物或做某事而）支付；
vi.（物体）塌下；让步；
n.伸展性，弹性；

n.准许，赞同；同意；（意见等的）一致；
vi.同意；赞成，赞同；允许；

n.愚蠢，愚笨；

(1) It's four minutes to six.
(2) I'll be back in a few minutes.
(3) Boil the rice for 20 minutes.

minute
[ˈminit]
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v信任；料想；笃信宗教；
vt.相信；以为，认为；对…信以为真；信任；

vt.授予，奖给，判给；判归，判定；
n.奖品；（仲裁人、公断人的）裁定；（法院、法官的）判决；裁定书；

n.盛会；宴会；宗教节日；使人欢快的事物（或活动）；
vi.大吃大喝，享用美食；参加宴会；
vt.款待（某人），宴请（某人）；

n.分，分钟；瞬间，片刻；备忘录；会议记录；
vt.把…记录在案；为…测定时间；adj.极小的；微不足道的；仔细的；

(1) He has been awarded a research grant.
(2) student grants (= to pay for their education)
(3) We take having an endless supply of clean water for granted.

grant
[ɡrɑ:nt]
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vt.承认；同意；准许；授予；
n.拨款；补助金；授给物（如财产、授地、专有权、补助、拨款等）；
vi.同意；

n.门廊，游廊；自贬；弯腰，驼背；屈服；
vt.& vi.屈服，忍辱；弯腰；倾斜；自贬；

n.企（事）业单位；事业，计划；事业心，进取心；

n.身体；尸体；团体；物体；
vt.赋予形体；

(1) The people are demanding a chance to participate more in government.
(2) I couldn't assent to, much less participate in such proceeding.
(3) You may well participate with us in our gains.

participate
[pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt]
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vt.侮辱，凌辱；辱骂；损害；n.侮辱，凌辱；损害；无礼；

n.旅行，旅程行期；历程，过程；
vi.旅行，出游；
vt.在…旅行或旅行到过…；

n.肘部；弯头，扶手；肘形管，弯管；
vt.用肘推挤（另一人或另一些人）；用手肘推开；
vi.用肘推搡着前进；在拐角处转弯；

vi.参加某事；分享某事；
vt.得到或接受某部分东西；

(1) The immediate cause of death is unknown.
(2) He is my immediate superior (= the person directly above me) in the company.
(3) The funeral was attended by her immediate family (= her parents, children, brothers and sisters) only.

immediate
[ɪˈmi:diət]
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n.故事，传说；历史，沿革；内情；传记；
vt.用历史故事画装饰；讲…的故事；把…作为故事讲述；
vi.说谎；

vt.排除，不包括；排斥；驱除，赶出；

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；目前的，当前的；直觉的；

n.比赛；对手；相配的人（或物）；火柴；
vt.相同；适应；使较量；使等同于；
vt.& vi.使相配，使相称；

(1) The family jewels are locked away in a safe.
(2) ...a golden box containing precious jewels.
(3) Walk down Castle Street and admire our little jewel of a cathedral...

jewel
[ˈdʒu:əl]
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vt.& vi.关闭，把…关在门外，排斥，关进，围进，关上（箱子等），闭上（嘴等），封闭，封锁，停止开放[营业]，叠拢，合拢（伞，小刀等），挟住，挟进；使暗，隐藏；关闭，塞住，（店铺等）关门；
adj.关闭的；围绕的；声音低沉的；
n.关闭，闭锁，终止，完结；焊接缝；[语]闭锁音；[机]冷塞；

n.宝石，宝石饰物；受珍视的人[物]；宝贝，手表的宝石轴承；

vt.固定；准备；修理；使牢固；
vi.固着；变硬；安定；
n.困境；定位于；受操纵的事；应急措施；

adj.客观的，实体的；目标的；[语]宾格的；[医]他觉的；
n.目标，任务；[光]物镜；[语]宾语，宾格；[事]出击目标；

(1) She won't allow herself to be dictated to.
(2) He allowed his mind to wander.
(3) Smoking is not allowed in the hall.

allow
[əˈlaʊ]
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vt.允许；承认；给予；准许（做某事）；
vi.容许；考虑；

n.薪水，薪金，薪俸；
vt.给…加薪；给…薪水；发…薪水；付…薪水；

n.草地，草坪；上等细麻布；

n.悲痛；危难，不幸；贫困；[法]扣押财物；
vt.使痛苦，使忧伤；[法]扣押（财物）；使贫困；

(1) Several windows had been smashed.
(2) He smashed the radio to pieces.
(3) The glass bowl smashed into a thousand pieces.

smash
[smæʃ]
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vt.占领；使用，住在…；使从事，使忙碌；任职；

n.天花板；最高限度；云幕高度；隔板，舱室垫板；

vt.打碎；撞击；猛扣（球等）；
vi.被击碎；扣球，抽杀；

vt.& vi.得到，导出；源于，来自；（从…中）提取；

(1) I was the only person on deck at that time of night.
(2) As the storm began, everyone disappeared below deck(s) .
(3) the upper/lower/main deck of a ship

deck
[dek]
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n.基金；储备；现款；特别基金管理机构；
vt.积存；为…提供资金；提供资金偿付（债款等）的本息；把（短期借款）转为有固定利息的长期借款；

vi.凝视；盯着看；隐退，若隐若现；同等，比得上；
n.同辈，同等的人；贵族；同伴，伙伴；
adj.贵族的；（年龄、地位等）同等的；相匹敌的；

n.甲板，舱板；[建]平屋顶，桥面；[铁路]客车车顶；〈俚〉地面；
vt.装饰；给…铺上甲板；打扮；

adj.相反的；违反的，反对的；对立的；顽固的，任性的；
n.对立或相反的事物；对立方；[逻]反对命题；
adv.相反地，矛盾地；

(1) They made a request for further aid.
(2) He was there at the request of his manager/at his manager's request (= because his manager had asked him to go).
(3) The writer's name was withheld by request (= because the writer asked for this to be done) .

request
[rɪˈkwest]
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n.献身，奉献；忠诚；信仰，祈祷；热爱；

adj.仁慈的，慈善的；宽恕的，宽厚的；慷慨的；

n.要求；需要；所请求的事物；申请书；
vt.（下级对上级的）请求；请求得到；索取；邀请[常接不定式或从句]；

vt.影响；假装；感动；（疾病）侵袭；
n.感情，情感，心情；[精神病学]（表露或觉察到的）情绪反应；

(1) the marvels of nature/technology
(2) The doctors have done marvels for her.
(3) Everyone marvelled at his courage.

marvel
[ˈmɑ:vəl]
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n.工资名单；工资总支出，工薪总额；

vi.变少，减少；贬低，轻视，看不起；
vt.减少（某事物），缩小；

n.奇迹；令人惊奇的事物（或事例）；
vt.& vi.惊奇，对…感到惊奇；

adj.湿的；下雨的；懦弱的；（儿童）尿湿尿布的；
n.湿地；液体；窝囊废；雨天；
vt.使潮湿；把…弄湿；

(1) Five pounds doesn't buy much nowadays.
(2) He can't be bought (= he's too honest to accept money in this way) .
(3) Her fame was bought at the expense of her marriage.

buy
[baɪ]
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n.补丁，补片；碎片，碎屑；（文章的）一段；斑点；
vt.修补，拼凑；暂时遮掩一下；修理，平息（吵架等）；用美人斑装饰（脸）；
vi.打补丁；

adj.女性的；雌性的；能结果实的；电气设备阴的；
n.女人；雌性动物；雌性植物，雌株；

n.堆，堆积；<口>许多，大量；<俚>破车；
vt.扔成一堆；完全填满，灌满；大量或奢侈的赠予；

vt.& vi.购买，购得；
n.交易，买卖；便宜货；
vt.够支付；买通；收买；贿赂；

(1) The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.
(2) flood damage
(3) Police have issued flood warnings for Nevada.

flood
[flʌd]
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vt.宣布；声明，声称；申报；[法]供述；
vi.声明，发表宣言；宣称；

n.洪水；泛滥；溢流；探照灯；
vi.涌出；为水淹没；
vt.淹没；

vt.使（某物）更明亮；
vi.点亮；减轻；

n.（卓越的）才华；光亮；光辉；光彩；