背单词v3

(1) He heaped his team with praise.
(2) He heaped praise on his team.
(3) She heaped my plate with food.

heap
[hi:p]
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vi.存在；生存；生活；继续存在；

n.分界线；范围；（球场）边线；

vt.（使）减少，缩小；减弱…的权势；[乐]减半音；
vi.变小或减少；逐渐变细；

n.堆，堆积；<口>许多，大量；<俚>破车；
vt.扔成一堆；完全填满，灌满；大量或奢侈的赠予；

(1) the marvels of nature/technology
(2) The doctors have done marvels for her.
(3) Everyone marvelled at his courage.

marvel
[ˈmɑ:vəl]
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n.基础；主要成分；基准，基本原则；

n.贷款；借款；借用；
vt.借，借给；
vi.借出；

n.誓言；郑重宣布；
vt.& vi.起誓，发誓；郑重宣告；

n.奇迹；令人惊奇的事物（或事例）；
vt.& vi.惊奇，对…感到惊奇；

(1) a parish priest
(2) the ordination of women priests
(3) He had trained to be a Catholic priest.

priest
[pri:st]
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n.肉；肉体；果肉；皮肤；
v.用肉喂养；长胖；

n.神父，牧师；司铎，司祭；领导者；神甫；
vt.使成为神职人员；

n.扒手；

vt.吸收（液体、气体等）；吸引（注意）；吞并，合并；忍受，承担（费用）；

(1) She won't allow herself to be dictated to.
(2) He allowed his mind to wander.
(3) Smoking is not allowed in the hall.

allow
[əˈlaʊ]
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vt.& vi.使凝固，固化；使结晶；使团结；
vt.使团结一致；凝固；
vi.具体化；团结；凝固；

vt.连接，联结；使…有联系；为…接通电话；插入插座；
vi.连接；建立关系；[体]成功击中；

vt.允许；承认；给予；准许（做某事）；
vi.容许；考虑；

adj.有雾的；雾气朦胧的；模糊的；混乱的；

(1) He died in mysterious circumstances.
(2) A mysterious illness is affecting all the animals.
(3) A mysterious young woman is living next door.

mysterious
[mɪˈstɪəriəs]
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vt.耕作，种植；教养，栽培；改善；交朋友；

n.短处，缺点；

adj.神秘的，诡秘的；难以理解的，不可思议的；魔；玄妙；

n.例外，除外；反对，批评；[法律]异议，反对；

(1) The book is full of references to growing up in India.
(2) She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.
(3) the President's passing reference to (= brief mention of) the end of the war

reference
[ˈrefrəns]
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n.参考；参考书；提及，涉及；证明人，介绍人；
v.引用；参照；

n.同伴；[天]伴星(=~star)；（用于书名）指南；同甘共苦的伙伴；
vt.同行；陪伴；

n.墓地，公墓；

n.国会；代表大会；（用于某些国家的政党名称）国民大会；社交；
vi.开会，集合；

(1) Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.
(2) I felt obliged to ask them to dinner.
(3) He suffered a serious injury that obliged him to give up work.

oblige
[əˈblaɪdʒ]
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vt.强制，强迫；使负债务；使感激；施惠于；
vi.施恩惠；帮忙，效劳；

n.天花板；最高限度；云幕高度；隔板，舱室垫板；

n.竞争；比赛；竞争者；[生]生存竞争；

n.挑战；盘问；质疑；怀疑；
vt.质疑；向…挑战；
vi.提出挑战，要求竞赛（或竞争）；驳斥；

(1) The family jewels are locked away in a safe.
(2) ...a golden box containing precious jewels.
(3) Walk down Castle Street and admire our little jewel of a cathedral...

jewel
[ˈdʒu:əl]
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adj.男性的；雄性的；有力的；[植]雄性的，仅有雄蕊的；
n.男；雄性动物；[植]雄性植物；马累[马律]；

n.宝石，宝石饰物；受珍视的人[物]；宝贝，手表的宝石轴承；

vt.制造，生产；捏造，虚构；加工；从事制造；
n.制造；制成品，产品；工业，工厂；（文学作品等的）粗制滥造；

adj.精神的；心灵的；高尚的，崇高的；宗教的；
n.圣歌（尤指美国南部黑人的）；教会事物；

(1) He has been awarded a research grant.
(2) student grants (= to pay for their education)
(3) We take having an endless supply of clean water for granted.

grant
[ɡrɑ:nt]
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adj.有效的；起作用的；实际的，实在的；给人深刻印象；
n.[军]现役兵额，有生力量，精兵；

vt.发明，创造；虚构；

vt.承认；同意；准许；授予；
n.拨款；补助金；授给物（如财产、授地、专有权、补助、拨款等）；
vi.同意；

n.脸颊，脸蛋；无礼而放肆的行为，厚颜；半边屁股；两侧相对的物体；
vt.对…无礼地说话；

(1) The mechanic located the fault immediately.
(2) Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.
(3) They located their headquarters in Swindon.

locate
[ləuˈkeit]
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n.魔法；巫术；戏法；不可思议的魔力；
adj.魔术的；幻术的；不可思议的；有奇异魔力的；
v.用魔法变出；用魔法摆脱；用魔法得到；使中邪；

vt.位于；说出来源；查找…的地点；确定…的位置；
vi.定位；定居；

n.野兽；人面兽心的人；讨厌的人（或事物）；老顽固，坏蛋；

n.入口，进口；进入；进入方法，进入方式；入场权；
vt.使出神，使入迷；使喜悦，使狂喜；

(1) Several windows had been smashed.
(2) He smashed the radio to pieces.
(3) The glass bowl smashed into a thousand pieces.

smash
[smæʃ]
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n.要求；需要；所请求的事物；申请书；
vt.（下级对上级的）请求；请求得到；索取；邀请[常接不定式或从句]；

n.不足，缺点；缺少；缺少量；不足额；

vt.建立，创建；确立或使安全；使被安排好；使成为；

vt.打碎；撞击；猛扣（球等）；
vi.被击碎；扣球，抽杀；

(1) the outbreak of war
(2) an outbreak of typhoid
(3) outbreaks of rain are expected in the afternoon.

outbreak
[ˈaʊtbreɪk]
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adj.严寒的；霜冻的；冷淡的；灰白的；

vt.丢下，用力投掷；大声叫骂，愤慨的说出；推到，推翻；
vi.猛投，猛掷；

vi.喘气，喘息；倒抽气；渴望；
vt.喘着气说出；
n.喘气，喘息；

n.（战争，怒气等的）爆发；突然发生；
vi.爆发；

(1) Bombs were exploding all around the city.
(2) There was a huge bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.
(3) Bomb disposal experts exploded the device under controlled conditions.

explode
[iksˈpləud]
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adj.健谈的，多嘴的，喜欢说话的；喋喋；

vi.爆[突]发，发怒；激增，迅速扩大；
vt.（使）爆炸；突然（发出巨响，活跃起来，迸发感情）；推翻；驳倒；

n.怜悯；同情；可惜的事；憾事；
vt.对…表示怜悯；对…感到同情；

n.州长；执行吏；治安官；

(1) They made a request for further aid.
(2) He was there at the request of his manager/at his manager's request (= because his manager had asked him to go).
(3) The writer's name was withheld by request (= because the writer asked for this to be done) .

request
[rɪˈkwest]
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n.伸展，扩大；延长，延期；[医]牵引；电话分机；

n.要求；需要；所请求的事物；申请书；
vt.（下级对上级的）请求；请求得到；索取；邀请[常接不定式或从句]；

vt.<文>征服；战胜；克服；抑制；

n.寓言，童话；传说；无稽之谈；人人谈论的话题；
v.讲故事，编寓言；虚构，杜撰；煞有介事地讲；

(1) He asked where I lived.
(2) I had to ask the teacher what to do next.
(3) I was asked if/whether I could drive.

ask
[ɑ:sk]
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vt.拖拽；吃力地往前拉；拖地而行；
vi.沿地面拖动；落后；缓慢前进；打捞；
n.拖，拉；累赘；阻力；

vt.祝福；保佑；赞美；为…祈福；

n.方式；状况；时尚，风尚；调式；

vt.& vi.问，询问；需要；要求，请求；邀请；
vt.邀请；请求允许；要价；询问；
vi.请，邀请；询问；要求；

(1) She despised gossip in any form.
(2) He despised himself for being so cowardly.
(3) I can never, ever forgive him. I despise him...

despise
[dɪˈspaɪz]
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vt.鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动；

n.（大学、银行等规模大的）机构；惯例，制度，规定，建立；社会事业机构；<口>名人，名物；

n.（发明等的）公开；泄露，揭露；开诚布公的话；被公开的事情，被披露的秘闻；

vt.鄙视，看不起；

(1) The people are demanding a chance to participate more in government.
(2) I couldn't assent to, much less participate in such proceeding.
(3) You may well participate with us in our gains.

participate
[pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt]
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vi.参加某事；分享某事；
vt.得到或接受某部分东西；

n.绝望；使人绝望的人（或事物）；
vi.绝望；

n.针；针状物；<口>刺激性言行；
vt.用针缝，刺；刺激，激怒；<俚>增加（饮料的）酒精含量；
vi.缝纫；

n.葬礼，丧礼；〈比喻〉不愉快的事，操心的事，有关系的事；
adj.葬礼的；出殡用的，出殡时的；

(1) The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims.
(2) The newspaper is distributed free.
(3) The money was distributed among schools in the area.

distribute
[dɪˈstrɪbju:t]
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vt.分配，散布；散发，分发；把…分类；[电]配电；

n.表现，表示，表达；表情，脸色，态度，腔调，声调；[数]式，符号；词句，语句，措辞，说法；

adj.巨大的；庞大的；极大的；

vt.啄，啄食；啄出，啄穿；〈非〉轻吻，以迅速敷衍的方式亲吻；
vi.啄；小口地吃；不断地批评，吹毛求疵；
n.啄；啄痕，（啄出的）小洞；轻吻；

(1) I was the only person on deck at that time of night.
(2) As the storm began, everyone disappeared below deck(s) .
(3) the upper/lower/main deck of a ship

deck
[dek]
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adj.非凡的，特别的；意外的，离奇的；临时的，特派的；不寻常；

n.技工，机修工；

n.甲板，舱板；[建]平屋顶，桥面；[铁路]客车车顶；〈俚〉地面；
vt.装饰；给…铺上甲板；打扮；

adj.容易的；舒适的；宽裕的；从容的；
adv.容易地；不费力地；悠闲地；缓慢地；
vi.停止划桨（常用作命令）；
vt.向（水手或划手）发出停划命令；

(1) The book's virtues far outweigh its faults.
(2) The system, for all its faults , is the best available at the moment.
(3) a major fault in the design

fault
[fɔ:lt]
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vi.点头；打瞌睡；上下摆动；变得粗心大意；
vt.点头示意；使弯曲，使屈服；点头答应；
n.点头；点头同意；打瞌睡，打盹；粗心大意；

n.缺点，缺陷；过错，责任；[电]故障；（猎狗的）失去嗅迹；
vt.挑剔，找…的缺点；批评；做错，在…中出错；[地质学]产生断层；
vi.找错误，挑剔；[地质学]变动从而产生断层；

vt.& vi.购买，购得；
n.交易，买卖；便宜货；
vt.够支付；买通；收买；贿赂；

vi.褪去，失去光泽；逐渐消逝；凋谢，衰老；
vt.使褪色；
adj.乏味的，平淡的；

(1) The immediate cause of death is unknown.
(2) He is my immediate superior (= the person directly above me) in the company.
(3) The funeral was attended by her immediate family (= her parents, children, brothers and sisters) only.

immediate
[ɪˈmi:diət]
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vi.由…组成；在于；符合；

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；目前的，当前的；直觉的；

n.结构；构造；建筑物；体系；
vt.构成，排列；安排；

n.错误，过失，误解；差错，口误，笔误；失策，失误；
vt.& vi.弄错，误解；
vt.认不出；误会；看错；
vi.弄错；误解；

(1) It's four minutes to six.
(2) I'll be back in a few minutes.
(3) Boil the rice for 20 minutes.

minute
[ˈminit]
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n.劝说，说服（力）；信仰；

adj.有趣的，好玩的，逗人笑的；

adj.聪明的；理解力强的；有智力的；[计]智能的；

n.分，分钟；瞬间，片刻；备忘录；会议记录；
vt.把…记录在案；为…测定时间；adj.极小的；微不足道的；仔细的；

(1) The report highlights a number of instances of injustice.
(2) In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment.
(3) I would normally suggest taking time off work, but in this instance I'm not sure that would do any good.

instance
[ˈɪnstəns]
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vi.呻吟；发牢骚；抱怨；吱嘎声：因压力而发出声响；
vt.呻吟着说，呻吟着表示；
n.呻吟，叹息；呻吟般的声音；

n.例子，实例；情况；要求，建议；[法]诉讼手续；
vt.举…为例；

n.（文章的）一段；经过；通路，通道；旅程，行程；

vt.& vi.使结冰霜；冻坏；（在蛋糕上）撒糖霜；
vi.结霜；受冻；
n.霜冻，结霜；严寒，寒冷；冷淡；

(1) to make a purchase (= buy sth)
(2) Keep your receipt as proof of purchase .
(3) The company has just announced its £27 million purchase of Park Hotel.

purchase

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vt.攀登；继承；占领；
vi.上升；爬坡；追溯；

v.购买；（用牺牲等）换取；依靠机械力移动；（房屋、地产等的）置得（指非继承所得）；
n.购买；购买的物品；

vi.盯着看；显眼；倒立，直竖起；
vt.凝视；盯着他的眼睛；
n.凝视，瞪视；

adj.臭名昭著的；臭名远扬的；声名狼藉的；恶名昭著；

(1) Hundreds of people attended the funeral.
(2) a funeral procession
(3) a funeral march (= a sad piece of music suitable for funerals)

funeral
[ˈfju:nərəl]
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vt.与…相像，类似于；

n.问题；（报刊的）期，号；发行物；流出；
vt.发行；发布；流出；
vi.发行；造成…结果；在…上挑起争论；

adj.较年幼的，较年小的；三年级的，低年级的；资历较浅的；后进的；
n.年少者，青少年；晚辈；三年级生；职位较低者；

n.葬礼，丧礼；〈比喻〉不愉快的事，操心的事，有关系的事；
adj.葬礼的；出殡用的，出殡时的；

(1) The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.
(2) flood damage
(3) Police have issued flood warnings for Nevada.

flood
[flʌd]
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n.洪水；泛滥；溢流；探照灯；
vi.涌出；为水淹没；
vt.淹没；

n.地狱，阴间；训斥；胡闹，见鬼；苦境，罪恶之地；
vi.过放荡生活；（车辆）急驰，飞驰；
int.该死；见鬼（表示惊奇、烦恼、厌恶、恼怒、失望等）；

vt.& vi.使满意，满足；
vt.使确信；符合，达到（要求、规定、标准等）；消除；履行；
vi.使满足或足够；使满意；

adj.明显的；显著的；平淡无奇的；自明；

(1) a pile of books/clothes/bricks
(2) He arranged the documents in neat piles.
(3) She looked in horror at the mounting pile of letters on her desk.

pile
[paɪl]
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n.改革，改良，改造；改正；
vt.& vi.改善；
vt.改革；重组；
vi.重组；
adj.改革的；

adj.个人的；独特的；个别的；
n.个人；个体；

n.桩；一堆；绒头；摞；
vt.堆起；堆叠；放置；装入；
vi.蜂拥，拥挤；

n.动机，主旨；（艺术作品的）主题，题材；
adj.运动的；动机的；发动的；
vt.促使；

(1) This land is ripe for development.
(2) The conditions were ripe for social change.
(3) Reforms were promised when the time was ripe .

ripe
[raɪp]
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vt.想；思索；以为；看待；
vi.思辩；考虑；构想；回忆；
adj.深思的；供思考的；
n.想；想法；

adj.成熟的；醇美可口的；老练的；时机成熟的；
v.〈诗〉同“ripen“；

n.装置，设备；方法；策略；手段；

adj.正直的；正义的；公正的；

(1) The car was completely crushed under the truck.
(2) They crush the olives with a heavy wooden press.
(3) Several people were crushed to death in the accident.

crush
[krʌʃ]
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vt.强迫服从；实施，执行；加强；

adj.古怪的；奇数的；剩余的；临时的；
n.奇特的事物；怪人；[高尔夫球]多于对方的一次击球；

vt.压破，压碎；镇压；弄皱；挤榨，榨出；
vi.挤；被压碎，被起皱；
n.粉碎，被压碎的状态；（特指女子对男性的）迷恋；拥挤的人群；果汁饮料；

n.特别喜欢的人（或物）；喜欢的事物；最有希望获胜者（尤指马）；收藏夹；
adj.喜爱的，宠爱的，中意的；
[美国英语] = favourite；

(1) She was educated in the US.
(2) He was educated at his local comprehensive school and then at Oxford.
(3) Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug-taking.

educate
[ˈedʒukeɪt]
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vt.拿住，握住；保留，保存；扣留，拘押；容纳；
vi.拿住，握住；同意，赞成；保持不变；有效；
n.握住；保留；控制；

n.调味汁；酱汁；〈非〉莽撞无礼；〈俚〉烈酒；
vt.调味或加沙司于…；给…增加趣味或风味；〈非〉对…无礼；

vt.& vi.教育，教导；训练，培养；
vt.使理解或接受；

n.葬，掩埋；葬礼；

(1) Nothing satisfies him─he's always complaining.
(2) The proposed plan will not satisfy everyone.
(3) The food wasn't enough to satisfy his hunger .

satisfy
[ˈsætɪsfaɪ]
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n.航行（学）；航海（术）；海上交通；

n.帝国，帝国领土；帝权，君权，最高统治权；大企业组织；
adj.新古典风格的；

vt.& vi.使满意，满足；
vt.使确信；符合，达到（要求、规定、标准等）；消除；履行；
vi.使满足或足够；使满意；

n.墓地；

(1) national security (= the defence of a country)
(2) airport security
(3) They carried out security checks at the airport.

security
[sɪˈkjʊərəti]
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n.回答，答复；反应；报复（行动）；[法律]答辩；
vi.[法律]（原告对被告）答辩；反响；作答；（以行动）做出反应；
vt.回应，作出反应；

vt.& vi.打听，询问；查究；

n.安全；保证，担保；保护，防护；有价证券；
adj.安全的，保安的，保密的；

vt.& vi.烤，烘，焙；
vt.嘲讽，挖苦；
n.烤肉；户外烧烤野餐；
adj.烤好的，烤制的；

(1) an enthusiastic supporter
(2) an enthusiastic welcome
(3) You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea.

enthusiastic
[ɪnˌθju:ziˈæstɪk]
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n.[天]行星；[占星]（左右人命运的）星相；

adj.热心的；热情的；热烈的；狂热的；

n.薄雾；视线模糊不清；液体喷雾；
vt.（使）蒙上薄雾；（使）模糊；
vi.下雾；变模糊；

adj.特别的；详细的；独有的；挑剔的；
n.特色，特点；（可分类，列举的）项目；详细情节，细情，细目；某一事项；

(1) Five pounds doesn't buy much nowadays.
(2) He can't be bought (= he's too honest to accept money in this way) .
(3) Her fame was bought at the expense of her marriage.

buy
[baɪ]
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vt.& vi.购买，购得；
n.交易，买卖；便宜货；
vt.够支付；买通；收买；贿赂；

adj.人口众多的；人口稠密的；

n.指责，谴责；责备；斥责；
vt.指责；谴责；责备；批评；
vi.谴责，责备；

vt.离开；放弃，抛弃；停止，中断；偿清；
vi.停止；放弃斗争；辞职；
adj.自由的；摆脱了责任或义务的；

(1) There's only one seat so you'll have to sit on my lap .
(2) She sat with her hands in her lap .
(3) the fastest lap on record

lap
[læp]
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n.罪行，犯罪；罪恶；
v.指控犯罪；判定犯罪；处罚军事犯；

n.井；煤矿；麻子；（赛车道旁的）修理加油站；
vt.使有麻子；使有凹陷；
vi.凹陷；起凹点；

vt.折叠；包裹，缠绕；使搭接；磨亮，磨平；
vi.折叠；部分重叠；舔；包围；
n.膝；下摆；一圈跑道；范围；

vt.& vi.登上；骑上；
vi.增加；上升；
vt.安装，架置；镶嵌，嵌入；准备上演；成立（军队等）；
n.山峰；攀，登；运载工具；底座；

(1) He's always begging off at the last minute.
(2) ‘Just go away. ’ ‘I beg your pardon! ’
(3) She begged that she be allowed to go.

beg
[beg]
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adj.有规律的；规则，整齐的；不变的；合格的；
n.正规军；主力（或正式）队员；常客；
adv.定期地；经常地；

n.酒，烈性酒；含酒精饮料；
vt.浸泡；喝酒；

v信任；料想；笃信宗教；
vt.相信；以为，认为；对…信以为真；信任；

vt.& vi.乞讨；恳求（原谅）；回避（问题）；

(1) He has been given to believe that there may be a future for him and Maria together.
(2) For the first time in 12 years, the Democrats are giving as good as they get.
(3) I'd give anything to be like you.

give
[gɪv]
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vt.& vi.阻止，扼止；填塞；使窒息；哽咽；
n.窒息，哽咽；拥塞；（车辆发动机的）阻风门；

n.地平线；范围；界限；眼界；n.范围；水平（线）；[地质学]层；

vt.& vi.集合，收集；
vt.装配，组合；

vt.& vi.给予；赠送；作出；
vt.供给；产生；举办；（为购买某物或做某事而）支付；
vi.（物体）塌下；让步；
n.伸展性，弹性；

(1) Please be polite to our guests.
(2) We were all too polite to object.
(3) I don't know how to make polite conversation .

polite
[pəˈlaɪt]
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adj.批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的，危急的；决定性的；[物]临界的；

adj.有礼貌的；有教养的，文雅的；上流社会的；应酬的，客套的；

adj.费力的；勤劳的；辛苦的；

adj.明亮的；<非正式>美好的；闪耀的；才华横溢的；
n.宝石；钻石；

(1) The journey through the jungle was perilous.
(2) How did you expect us to proceed on such a perilous expedition, through unknown terrain.
(3) As the storm was approaching, the fisher - men were threatened by dangers of the most perilous nature.

perilous
[ˈperələs]
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adj.危险的，冒险的；

adj.有效率的；（直接）生效的；能干的；（因省钱、省时或省力等而）收效大的；

n.勇气；胆量；魄力；肝胆；

n.扫帚；金雀花；[无线]自动搜索干扰振荡器；
vt.扫除；用扫帚扫；
vi.桩顶开花或开裂；

(1) Marriages usually break down as a result of the shortcomings of both partners...
(2) His book has its shortcomings.
(3) The importance advantages and shortcoming of the orimulsion imported from Venezula are analyzed in the paper.

shortcoming
[ˈʃɔ:tkʌmɪŋ]
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vt.损害，毁坏；伤害（名誉、自尊等）；（尤指事故中）伤害；伤害（感情，自尊心等）；

n.光荣，荣誉；壮观，壮丽；（对上帝的）赞颂；非常美的事物；
vi.得意，自豪；骄傲；

n.争吵，口角；反目；抱怨…的原因（理由）；[史]方镞箭，角镞箭；
vi.争辩，争吵；不同意；挑剔；责备，埋怨；

n.短处，缺点；