基础词汇 :
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(1) a parish priest
(2) the ordination of women priests
(3) He had trained to be a Catholic priest.
priest[pri:st]
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n.压(力);压力;气压(或血压)(的缩略形式);压(迫)感;
vi.施加压力;迫使;使(机舱等)增压;
n.一群;包裹;(纸牌的)一副;一组;
vt.& vi.(把…)打包;塞进;拥进;(使)聚集成团;
vt.挑选;压紧;携带;拧紧;
vi.包装;紧挤在一起;便于折叠收藏的;匆忙离去(有时与 off 连用);
n.神父,牧师;司铎,司祭;领导者;神甫;
vt.使成为神职人员;
vt.淹死;浸没;麻痹某人对…的意识;(一声音)淹没(另一声音);
vi.淹死;
(1) This land is ripe for development.
(2) The conditions were ripe for social change.
(3) Reforms were promised when the time was ripe .
ripe[raɪp]
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adj.成熟的;醇美可口的;老练的;时机成熟的;
v.〈诗〉同“ripen“;
vt.把…奉献(给),把…专用(于);奉献;
n.方面;面貌;方位,方向;形势;
vt.& vi.使结冰霜;冻坏;(在蛋糕上)撒糖霜;
vi.结霜;受冻;
n.霜冻,结霜;严寒,寒冷;冷淡;
(1) Several windows had been smashed.
(2) He smashed the radio to pieces.
(3) The glass bowl smashed into a thousand pieces.
smash[smæʃ]
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vt.打碎;撞击;猛扣(球等);
vi.被击碎;扣球,抽杀;
n.准许,赞同;同意;(意见等的)一致;
vi.同意;赞成,赞同;允许;
n.墓地;
adj.嫉妒的;羡慕的;热;
(1) The immediate cause of death is unknown.
(2) He is my immediate superior (= the person directly above me) in the company.
(3) The funeral was attended by her immediate family (= her parents, children, brothers and sisters) only.
immediate[ɪˈmi:diət]
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n.办公室;公职;(政府部门的)部;有特定用途的房间[建筑物];
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;目前的,当前的;直觉的;
adj.坚固的,坚牢的;坚定的,坚决的;严格的;确定的;
vt.& vi.使坚固;使坚实;
n.商号,商行;公司;企业;工作集体;
adv.坚定地,稳固地;
vt.使坚定,使牢固;
vi.变坚实,变稳固;
vt.声称;断言;需要;索取;
vi.提出要求;
n.(根据权利而提出的)要求;声称;断言;索赔;
(1) Five pounds doesn't buy much nowadays.
(2) He can't be bought (= he's too honest to accept money in this way) .
(3) Her fame was bought at the expense of her marriage.
buy[baɪ]
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vt.& vi.购买,购得;
n.交易,买卖;便宜货;
vt.够支付;买通;收买;贿赂;
vt.向…保证;使…确信;<英>给…保险;
adj.残酷的,残忍的;使人痛苦的,让人受难的;无情的,严酷的;
n.黄昏,傍晚;幽暗;
adj.微暗的;变暗的;〈诗〉同dusky;
v.变暗;使变暗;
(1) Nothing satisfies him─he's always complaining.
(2) The proposed plan will not satisfy everyone.
(3) The food wasn't enough to satisfy his hunger .
satisfy[ˈsætɪsfaɪ]
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vt.& vi.使满意,满足;
vt.使确信;符合,达到(要求、规定、标准等);消除;履行;
vi.使满足或足够;使满意;
vt.& vi.分开;(使)分离;区分;隔开;
vt.分离(混合物);分居;分类;割开;
vi.分手;断裂;(夫妻)分居;断绝关系;adj.单独的;分开的,分离的;不同的;不相关的;
n.分开的事物;[用复数](音响设备中的)独立件;
adj.附属的;易发生的,偶然发生的;伴随发生的;
n.附带事件;伴随事件,杂费;非主要的附带项或费用;
adj.非凡的,特别的;意外的,离奇的;临时的,特派的;不寻常;
(1) He has been awarded a research grant.
(2) student grants (= to pay for their education)
(3) We take having an endless supply of clean water for granted.
grant[ɡrɑ:nt]
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vt.& vi.(使)下决心,(使)做出决定;
vt.决定,确定;判定,判决;使决定;限定;
vi.[主用于法律]了结,终止,结束;
n.[化]元素;要素;原理;[电]电阻丝;
vt.承认;同意;准许;授予;
n.拨款;补助金;授给物(如财产、授地、专有权、补助、拨款等);
vi.同意;
n.队伍,行列;一列,一排;列队行进;
vi.排队前进或列队而行;
(1) national security (= the defence of a country)
(2) airport security
(3) They carried out security checks at the airport.
security[sɪˈkjʊərəti]
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vt.强迫,迫使;强制发生,使不得不;
n.花,群花;开花时期,(发育的)初期;兴旺时期;
vi.(植物)开花;繁荣,兴旺;长成;
n.安全;保证,担保;保护,防护;有价证券;
adj.安全的,保安的,保密的;
n.奖;表扬;嘉奖状;推荐;
(1) to make a purchase (= buy sth)
(2) Keep your receipt as proof of purchase .
(3) The company has just announced its £27 million purchase of Park Hotel.
purchase
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vt.& vi.混合,混淆;
vi.混进,与…交往;
vt.啄,啄食;啄出,啄穿;〈非〉轻吻,以迅速敷衍的方式亲吻;
vi.啄;小口地吃;不断地批评,吹毛求疵;
n.啄;啄痕,(啄出的)小洞;轻吻;
vt.使延期,延缓;把…放在次要地位;把…放在后面;
vi.延缓;延缓发作;
v.购买;(用牺牲等)换取;依靠机械力移动;(房屋、地产等的)置得(指非继承所得);
n.购买;购买的物品;
(1) The family jewels are locked away in a safe.
(2) ...a golden box containing precious jewels.
(3) Walk down Castle Street and admire our little jewel of a cathedral...
jewel[ˈdʒu:əl]
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vi.存放;暂住;埋入;(权利、权威等)归属;
vt.提出(报告、要求、申诉等);容纳;寄存;把(权利、权威等)授予;
n.<古>小屋,草屋;(北美印第安人的)帐篷;(森林、猎场等的)看守小屋;(学校、工厂等的)传达室;
adj.有利可图的,有益的;可赚钱的,合算的;
n.宝石,宝石饰物;受珍视的人[物];宝贝,手表的宝石轴承;
n.例子,实例;情况;要求,建议;[法]诉讼手续;
vt.举…为例;
(1) He has been given to believe that there may be a future for him and Maria together.
(2) For the first time in 12 years, the Democrats are giving as good as they get.
(3) I'd give anything to be like you.
give[gɪv]
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vt.& vi.给予;赠送;作出;
vt.供给;产生;举办;(为购买某物或做某事而)支付;
vi.(物体)塌下;让步;
n.伸展性,弹性;
vt.疏忽;忽略;遗漏;疏于照顾;
n.玩忽;被忽略的状态;怠慢;
n.端点;尽头;手和足;极窘迫的境地;
n.味;韵味;特点;香料;
vt.给…调味;给…增添风趣;
(1) The book is full of references to growing up in India.
(2) She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.
(3) the President's passing reference to (= brief mention of) the end of the war
reference[ˈrefrəns]
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vt.寻找,探寻;追求,谋求;往或朝…而去;[废语]考察;
vi.查找,查寻;找一找;
n.参考;参考书;提及,涉及;证明人,介绍人;
v.引用;参照;
n.胡须;[虫]口鬃,[动]颌毛;(牡蛎等的)鳃;[植]芒;
vt.使有胡须(颌毛,芒刺);抓(捋)住…的胡子,拔…的胡子;公然反对,勇敢地对抗;
n.天空;气氛;空运;(简单易记的)曲调;
vt.& vi.晾晒;烘干;播送;广播;
vt.使房间通风, 透气;
(1) He heaped his team with praise.
(2) He heaped praise on his team.
(3) She heaped my plate with food.
heap[hi:p]
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n.堆,堆积;<口>许多,大量;<俚>破车;
vt.扔成一堆;完全填满,灌满;大量或奢侈的赠予;
n.门廊,游廊;自贬;弯腰,驼背;屈服;
vt.& vi.屈服,忍辱;弯腰;倾斜;自贬;
n.首都;资本;资源;大写字母;
adj.极好的;最重要的;资本的;首都的;
adj.稳定的,不变的;镇定的,沉着的;坚定的;
vt.使稳定,使坚定;
n.关系固定的情侣;
(1) The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.
(2) flood damage
(3) Police have issued flood warnings for Nevada.
flood[flʌd]
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adj.愚蠢的;迟钝的;乏味的;晕眩的,昏迷不醒的;
n.<口>傻子,笨蛋;
vt.制造,生产;捏造,虚构;加工;从事制造;
n.制造;制成品,产品;工业,工厂;(文学作品等的)粗制滥造;
n.洪水;泛滥;溢流;探照灯;
vi.涌出;为水淹没;
vt.淹没;
n.其时,其间;
adv.同时,其间;
(1) She despised gossip in any form.
(2) He despised himself for being so cowardly.
(3) I can never, ever forgive him. I despise him...
despise[dɪˈspaɪz]
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vt.教,讲授;教导,指导;通知;命令;
vt.鄙视,看不起;
vt.允许;承认;给予;准许(做某事);
vi.容许;考虑;
adj.下方的;在底部的;较低级的;
v.降低;减少;缩小;
(1) The report highlights a number of instances of injustice.
(2) In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment.
(3) I would normally suggest taking time off work, but in this instance I'm not sure that would do any good.
instance[ˈɪnstəns]
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n.例子,实例;情况;要求,建议;[法]诉讼手续;
vt.举…为例;
vi.猛冲;赶紧离开;
vt.猛撞;匆忙完成;泼溅;使…破灭;
n.少量,些许;猛冲;破折号;短跑;
n.单词,歌词,台词;(说的)话;诺言;命令;
vt.措辞,用词;用言语表达;
vi.讲话;
n.错误,过失,误解;差错,口误,笔误;失策,失误;
vt.& vi.弄错,误解;
vt.认不出;误会;看错;
vi.弄错;误解;
(1) Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.
(2) I felt obliged to ask them to dinner.
(3) He suffered a serious injury that obliged him to give up work.
oblige[əˈblaɪdʒ]
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vi.变为,成为;变得;变成;
vt.适合,适宜;相称,相当;变成;发生;
vt.强制,强迫;使负债务;使感激;施惠于;
vi.施恩惠;帮忙,效劳;
adj.感激的,感谢的;令人愉快的;宜人的;荷;
vt.& vi.(使)变暗;(使)模糊;
(1) He died in mysterious circumstances.
(2) A mysterious illness is affecting all the animals.
(3) A mysterious young woman is living next door.
mysterious[mɪˈstɪəriəs]
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n.要求;需要;所请求的事物;申请书;
vt.(下级对上级的)请求;请求得到;索取;邀请[常接不定式或从句];
adj.强大的;权力大的;(药)有效地;
adv.很;非常;
adj.神秘的,诡秘的;难以理解的,不可思议的;魔;玄妙;
n.局;(提供某方面信息的)办事处;(美国政府部门)局;(附抽屉及活动写字台的)书桌;
(1) She was educated in the US.
(2) He was educated at his local comprehensive school and then at Oxford.
(3) Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug-taking.
educate[ˈedʒukeɪt]
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vt.& vi.教育,教导;训练,培养;
vt.使理解或接受;
n.罐子;(啤酒)杯;缸;猛然震动;
vi.发出刺耳的声音;不和谐;不一致;(对…)产生不快的影响;
vt.使震动;
n.介绍;引言,导言;采用,引进;新采用的东西;
n.保证,担保;保证人,保证书;抵押品;
vt.保证,担保;
(1) Please be polite to our guests.
(2) We were all too polite to object.
(3) I don't know how to make polite conversation .
polite[pəˈlaɪt]
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adj.有礼貌的;有教养的,文雅的;上流社会的;应酬的,客套的;
n.天堂;伊甸园;乐园;极乐;
n.间隔;幕间休息;(数学)区间;
n.基金;储备;现款;特别基金管理机构;
vt.积存;为…提供资金;提供资金偿付(债款等)的本息;把(短期借款)转为有固定利息的长期借款;
(1) I was the only person on deck at that time of night.
(2) As the storm began, everyone disappeared below deck(s) .
(3) the upper/lower/main deck of a ship
deck[dek]
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n.熔炉,火炉;极热的地方;严峻的考验或磨难;
adj.有雾的;雾气朦胧的;模糊的;混乱的;
n.甲板,舱板;[建]平屋顶,桥面;[铁路]客车车顶;〈俚〉地面;
vt.装饰;给…铺上甲板;打扮;
n.肺;呼吸器官;[医]辅助呼吸的装置;〈英〉可供呼吸新鲜空气的地方;
(1) The journey through the jungle was perilous.
(2) How did you expect us to proceed on such a perilous expedition, through unknown terrain.
(3) As the storm was approaching, the fisher - men were threatened by dangers of the most perilous nature.
perilous[ˈperələs]
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n.承诺,许诺;委任,委托;致力,献身;承担义务;
adj.危险的,冒险的;
n.指责,谴责;责备;斥责;
vt.指责;谴责;责备;批评;
vi.谴责,责备;
n.边疆,边境;边界,边缘;尚待开发的领域;
adj.边疆的,边界的;新垦地的,边地的;开拓的;
(1) The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims.
(2) The newspaper is distributed free.
(3) The money was distributed among schools in the area.
distribute[dɪˈstrɪbju:t]
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vt.分配,散布;散发,分发;把…分类;[电]配电;
vi.熔化,溶解;逐渐融合;逐渐消失;感动,软化,感情上变得温和;
vt.熔化,溶解;使混合在一起;逐渐消散;使变得温和或温柔;
adj.随之发生的;必然的,合乎逻辑的;继起的;[地]顺向的;
n.结果;[逻]后件,结论;[数]后项;[语](条件结构中的)结果子句;
vt.使枯萎;使畏缩;使衰弱;
vi.凋谢;衰弱;萎缩;
(1) The book's virtues far outweigh its faults.
(2) The system, for all its faults , is the best available at the moment.
(3) a major fault in the design
fault[fɔ:lt]
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adj.神秘的,诡秘的;难以理解的,不可思议的;魔;玄妙;
v.购买;(用牺牲等)换取;依靠机械力移动;(房屋、地产等的)置得(指非继承所得);
n.购买;购买的物品;
n.缺点,缺陷;过错,责任;[电]故障;(猎狗的)失去嗅迹;
vt.挑剔,找…的缺点;批评;做错,在…中出错;[地质学]产生断层;
vi.找错误,挑剔;[地质学]变动从而产生断层;
n.结果,成果;[逻]结论;重要性;推论;
(1) The car was completely crushed under the truck.
(2) They crush the olives with a heavy wooden press.
(3) Several people were crushed to death in the accident.
crush[krʌʃ]
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vt.构成,组成;制定,设立;等同于;指派;
n.小路,路;路线,路程;〈比喻〉(人生的)道路;(思想,行为,生活的)途径;
n.命令,指挥;司令部,指挥部;[计算机]指令;控制力;
vt.指挥,控制,命令;命令;应得,值得;
vi.给出命令;命令,指令;
adj.指挥的,根据命令(或要求)而作的;
vt.压破,压碎;镇压;弄皱;挤榨,榨出;
vi.挤;被压碎,被起皱;
n.粉碎,被压碎的状态;(特指女子对男性的)迷恋;拥挤的人群;果汁饮料;
(1) It's four minutes to six.
(2) I'll be back in a few minutes.
(3) Boil the rice for 20 minutes.
minute[ˈminit]
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n.灵魂;精神;幽灵;人;
adj.美国黑人文化的;
vt.强制,强迫;使负债务;使感激;施惠于;
vi.施恩惠;帮忙,效劳;
n.分,分钟;瞬间,片刻;备忘录;会议记录;
vt.把…记录在案;为…测定时间;adj.极小的;微不足道的;仔细的;
n.选举,当选;选举权;[神]神的选择;
(1) There's only one seat so you'll have to sit on my lap .
(2) She sat with her hands in her lap .
(3) the fastest lap on record
lap[læp]
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n.改革,改良,改造;改正;
vt.& vi.改善;
vt.改革;重组;
vi.重组;
adj.改革的;
vi.宣布参加竞选;当播音员;
vt.宣布;述说;声称;预告;
n.天花板;最高限度;云幕高度;隔板,舱室垫板;
vt.折叠;包裹,缠绕;使搭接;磨亮,磨平;
vi.折叠;部分重叠;舔;包围;
n.膝;下摆;一圈跑道;范围;
(1) Bombs were exploding all around the city.
(2) There was a huge bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.
(3) Bomb disposal experts exploded the device under controlled conditions.
explode[iksˈpləud]
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n.火,燃烧物;火灾;射击,发射;热情;
vt.& vi.开火,射击;燃烧;引爆炸药;充满热情;
vt.<口>解雇;射(箭);激励;射出(子弹);
adj.普通的,平常的,正常的;规定的,照常的,平凡的,拙劣的;平庸的,平淡的;[法]直辖的;
n.普通,平常的人(或事);常例;[商](英)普通股;法官,宗教法官;
vi.爆[突]发,发怒;激增,迅速扩大;
vt.(使)爆炸;突然(发出巨响,活跃起来,迸发感情);推翻;驳倒;
adj.错误的;不正确的;秕谬;讹;
(1) a pile of books/clothes/bricks
(2) He arranged the documents in neat piles.
(3) She looked in horror at the mounting pile of letters on her desk.
pile[paɪl]
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n.桩;一堆;绒头;摞;
vt.堆起;堆叠;放置;装入;
vi.蜂拥,拥挤;
vt.& vi.引述,引用;
vt.报价;引述;
vi.引用;
n.引用;报价;引号;
vt.通知;布告;
n.数字;算术;图解;轮廓;
vi.计算;出现;扮演角色;
vt.计算在内;估计;推测;认为;
(1) an enthusiastic supporter
(2) an enthusiastic welcome
(3) You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea.
enthusiastic[ɪnˌθju:ziˈæstɪk]
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n.海军;船队;
adj.热心的;热情的;热烈的;狂热的;
vt.证明,证实;[法]验证,检定;显示;
vi.显示出,证明是;
adj.以前的,从前的;在前的;前任的;
n.模型,样板;构成者,创造者;起形成作用的人;[无线]线圈架;
(1) the marvels of nature/technology
(2) The doctors have done marvels for her.
(3) Everyone marvelled at his courage.
marvel[ˈmɑ:vəl]
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n.文学;文学作品;文献;著作;
n.地平线;范围;界限;眼界;n.范围;水平(线);[地质学]层;
n.奇迹;令人惊奇的事物(或事例);
vt.& vi.惊奇,对…感到惊奇;
adj.仁慈的,宽恕的,温和的,(情形)良好的,顺利的,(处罚)宽大的;
(1) The people are demanding a chance to participate more in government.
(2) I couldn't assent to, much less participate in such proceeding.
(3) You may well participate with us in our gains.
participate[pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt]
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adj.成熟的;醇美可口的;老练的;时机成熟的;
v.〈诗〉同“ripen“;
vi.参加某事;分享某事;
vt.得到或接受某部分东西;
n.讨厌,令人讨厌的事物;无聊,无趣;厌倦;
adj.容易的;舒适的;宽裕的;从容的;
adv.容易地;不费力地;悠闲地;缓慢地;
vi.停止划桨(常用作命令);
vt.向(水手或划手)发出停划命令;
(1) She won't allow herself to be dictated to.
(2) He allowed his mind to wander.
(3) Smoking is not allowed in the hall.
allow[əˈlaʊ]
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vt.& vi.消化;整理;
vt.吸收;领悟;玩味;
vi.消化;吸收食物;[化学]加热;
n.文摘;摘要;法律汇编;罗马法典;
adj.温柔的;温暖的;轻微的;(味道)不浓的;
n.淡味麦芽啤酒;
vt.允许;承认;给予;准许(做某事);
vi.容许;考虑;
vt.& vi.(使)猛撞,(使)撞毁;
vi.撞坏;猛冲直撞;发出巨响;突然失败;
n.破产;撞车事故;(机器或系统,尤指计算机或计算机系统的)崩溃;突然发出的巨响;
vt.坠落;破碎;撞碎;
(1) He asked where I lived.
(2) I had to ask the teacher what to do next.
(3) I was asked if/whether I could drive.
ask[ɑ:sk]
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vt.禁止,阻止,防止;不准许;
vt.预防;阻碍;阻止;[宗教]引领;
vi.阻挠,阻止;
n.特征,特点;容貌,面貌;(期刊的)特辑;故事片;
vt.使有特色;描写…的特征;以…为号召物;
vi.起主要作用;作重要角色;
vt.& vi.问,询问;需要;要求,请求;邀请;
vt.邀请;请求允许;要价;询问;
vi.请,邀请;询问;要求;
(1) They made a request for further aid.
(2) He was there at the request of his manager/at his manager's request (= because his manager had asked him to go).
(3) The writer's name was withheld by request (= because the writer asked for this to be done) .
request[rɪˈkwest]
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n.空闲时间;闲暇;悠闲;安逸;
adj.空闲的;闲暇的;
n.娱乐,消遣;招待,款待;娱乐节目;
n.要求;需要;所请求的事物;申请书;
vt.(下级对上级的)请求;请求得到;索取;邀请[常接不定式或从句];
vt.意欲,计划;为特殊目的而设计;为特定用途而打算;意指或意味;
vi.怀有某种意图或目的;
(1) He's always begging off at the last minute.
(2) ‘Just go away. ’ ‘I beg your pardon! ’
(3) She begged that she be allowed to go.
beg[beg]
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n.不和;不调和;嘈杂声;
v.不一致;[乐]不谐和,发乱音;
n.围巾,领巾;嵌接;桌巾,台巾;(木材,金属,皮革的)嵌接;
v.围(围巾);打(领带);披(披巾);用围巾[台布]围[盖];
n.运送,运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放;
vt.& vi.乞讨;恳求(原谅);回避(问题);
(1) the outbreak of war
(2) an outbreak of typhoid
(3) outbreaks of rain are expected in the afternoon.
outbreak[ˈaʊtbreɪk]
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n.诗,诗歌;诗意,诗情;作诗;诗歌艺术;
n.(战争,怒气等的)爆发;突然发生;
vi.爆发;
vt.奉承,阿谀;使满意,使高兴;(画像等的形象)美于(真人[实物]);
n.[机]平面锤;压平机;扁平槽;敲平的人;
vt.& vi.使凝固,固化;使结晶;使团结;
vt.使团结一致;凝固;
vi.具体化;团结;凝固;
(1) Marriages usually break down as a result of the shortcomings of both partners...
(2) His book has its shortcomings.
(3) The importance advantages and shortcoming of the orimulsion imported from Venezula are analyzed in the paper.
shortcoming[ˈʃɔ:tkʌmɪŋ]
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vt.位于;说出来源;查找…的地点;确定…的位置;
vi.定位;定居;
n.短处,缺点;
n.绝望的;不顾一切拼命;
vt.促进,提高;增加;吹捧;向上推起;
vi.宣扬;[美国俚语](尤指在商店)行窃,偷窃;
n.提高,增加;帮助;吹捧;加速[助推]器;
(1) Hundreds of people attended the funeral.
(2) a funeral procession
(3) a funeral march (= a sad piece of music suitable for funerals)
funeral[ˈfju:nərəl]
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n.残忍;残忍的行为;残酷行为;虐待;
n.葬礼,丧礼;〈比喻〉不愉快的事,操心的事,有关系的事;
adj.葬礼的;出殡用的,出殡时的;
n.原则,原理;准则,道义;道德标准;本能;
n.表现,表示,表达;表情,脸色,态度,腔调,声调;[数]式,符号;词句,语句,措辞,说法;
(1) The mechanic located the fault immediately.
(2) Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.
(3) They located their headquarters in Swindon.
locate[ləuˈkeit]
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vt.位于;说出来源;查找…的地点;确定…的位置;
vi.定位;定居;
adj.色盲的;
adj.不常见的,不普通的,难得的,罕有的;异乎寻常的,例外的,奇异的;独特的;与众不同的;
vt.时常萦绕心头,使困窘;常去;以鬼魂形式出现;时常出现在,弥漫;
vi.尤指鬼魂重回或常去;
n.〈方〉鬼或其它超自然物体;常去的地方;
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