背单词v3

(1) a monarch without political power
(2) He was a political prisoner (= one who was put in prison because he was thought to be harmful to the state) .
(3) a political debate/party/leader

political
[pəˈlɪtɪkl]
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n.运动；游戏；娱乐；运动会；
vt.& vi.炫耀，给人看，玩弄；
vi.游戏；
vt.游戏；参加体育运动；夸耀；
adj.运动的；

adj.政治的；政党的；对政治有兴趣的；争权夺利的；

adj.可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的；

n.刺激物；刺激因素；激法物；

(1) Rival fans hurled abuse at each other.
(2) He hurled a brick through the window.
(3) How would you handle being locked in the back of a cab while the driver hurled abuse at you?

hurl
[hə:l]
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n.本能，天性；冲动；天资，天才；
adj.深深地充满着；

vi.兴盛，兴隆；长得健壮；茁壮成长；

与…相比，跟…相比；

vt.丢下，用力投掷；大声叫骂，愤慨的说出；推到，推翻；
vi.猛投，猛掷；

(1) She murmured her agreement.
(2) He murmured something in his sleep.
(3) She was murmuring in his ear.

murmur
[ˈmɜ:mə(r)]
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v.使复苏；使复兴；

n.刺耳的声音，不和谐的声音；

adj.第三的；<医>第三期的；(T-)<地>第三纪的；<化>叔的；
n.(T-)<地>第三纪；第三系；三期梅毒病害；<宗>第三级教士；

n.咕哝，发牢骚；低声的抱怨；低声说话；
vt.& vi.小声说；
vi.发出连续而低沉的声音；私下抱怨；

(1) nuts and bolts
(2) Her dismissal came as a bolt from the blue.
(3) Don't forget to bolt the door.

bolt
[bəult]
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vt.实施，执行；使生效，实现；落实（政策）；把…填满；
n.工具，器械；家具；手段；[法]履行（契约等）；

在鼎盛时期；

n.散文；单调，平凡；枯燥无味的话，无聊的议论；
vt.用散文写，把…改写成散文；平淡无趣地写；啰啰唆唆地讲；

n.螺栓，螺钉；闪电，雷电；门闩；弩箭；
vt.筛选；囫囵吞下；（把门、窗等）闩上；突然说出，脱口说出；
vi.（门窗等）闩上，拴住；冲出，跳出；（马等的）脱缰；囫囵吞下；
adv .突然地；像箭似地；直立地；

(1) A family of four perished in the fire.
(2) Early buildings were made of wood and have perished.
(3) Me get married? perish the thought!

perish
[ˈperɪʃ]
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n.冒险事业；冒险；冒险行动；商业冒险；
vt.冒…的危险；拿…冒险；用…进行投机；以…做赌注；
vi.冒险前进，冒险行事；猜测（常与at连用）；

vt.包含；使参与，牵涉；围绕，缠绕；使专心于；

考虑到；体谅；允许有；留出；

vi.死亡，丧生；毁灭；腐烂，枯萎；老化；
vt.使麻木；使毁坏；

(1) All around was bubbling a cacophony of voices.
(2) For Britons of that generation however it's a date that sets off a cacophony of signals.
(3) The drivers behind him honked, and the cacophony grew louder.

cacophony
[kəˈkɒfəni]
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adv.在最坏的情况下；

n.刺耳的声音，不和谐的声音；

vt.散布，散置；点缀；

vt.& vi.（为…）服务；任（职）；提供；端上；
vt.招待；（为…）工作；对…有用；向…供应；
vi.适合；服役；供职；[网球、羽毛球]发球；
n.网球等发球；发球权；所发的球；

(1) His family tried to assimilate into the white and hispanic communities.
(2) Sala is not familiar with the hispanic music of 18 th century.
(3) Most are sold to small hispanic and Mexican groceries, Padron said.

hispanic
[hɪˈspænɪk]
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adj.种族的，部落的；某文化群体的；
n.少数民族的成员；

adj.喜欢家庭生活的；（指动物）被驯养了的；
v.驯化( domesticate的过去式和过去分词 )；

adj.西班牙的；西班牙和葡萄牙的；西班牙及其他说西班牙语国家的；拉丁美洲的；

n.咕哝，发牢骚；低声的抱怨；低声说话；
vt.& vi.小声说；
vi.发出连续而低沉的声音；私下抱怨；

(1) an easygoing, uncomplicated young man
(2) Why can't I have an uncomplicated life?
(3) She is a beautiful, uncomplicated girl.

uncomplicated
[ʌnˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd]
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adj.闷热的，不通气的；古板的，保守的；枯燥无味的；一本正经的；

n.影响；效果；印象；所有物；
vt.使发生；引起；产生（效果）；

n.接近，邻近；接近度，距离；亲近；

adj.简单的；不复杂的；[医]无合并症的；

(1) ...a Russian-born professor who had immigrated to the United States...
(2) He immigrated from Ulster in 1848...
(3) European families emigrating from their homelands were encouraged to immigrate into Australia after World War II.

immigrate
[ˈɪmɪgreɪt]
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vi.移入；
vt.移民；移居外国，迁移；

adj.非常宝贵的；无法估计的；无价的；金不换；

vt.包含，包括；由…组成；由…构成；

vi.死亡，丧生；毁灭；腐烂，枯萎；老化；
vt.使麻木；使毁坏；

(1) rural areas
(2) a rural economy
(3) rural America

rural
[ˈruərəl]
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n.惊愕；惊惶失措；惊恐；

vi.丰富，盛产；非常多，大量存在；充满；

adj.乡下的，农村的；田园的；地方的；农业的；

vt.引起；创始，创作；开始，发生；发明；
vi.起源于，来自；产生；起航；

(1) He was anxious to preserve his reputation.
(2) Efforts to preserve the peace have failed.
(3) (humorous)Is he really 60? He's remarkably well preserved .

preserve
[prɪˈzɜ:v]
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n.中指；中拇指；

轮流，交换；相间；

n.阶段；舞台；戏剧；驿站；
vt.& vi.上演，演出；筹办，举行；适于上演；坐公共马车旅行；
vt.举行；展现；上演；筹划；
vi.适于上演，适合在舞台上演出；乘公交车（或驿车）旅行；[军事]中间集结，扎营；

vt.保护；保持，保存；腌制食物；防腐处理；
vi.保鲜；保持原状；做蜜饯；禁猎；
n.蜜饯；防护用品；禁猎地；独占的事物（或范围）；

(1) Only a small minority of students is/are interested in politics these days.
(2) minority shareholders in the bank
(3) the rights of ethnic/racial minorities

minority
[maɪˈnɒrəti]
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n.参加，参与；分享；

adj.后来的；随后的；作为结果而发生的；附随的；

v.知道，了解；
n.机智；头脑；理解；悟性；
adj.有见识的，懂实际知识的，通情达理的；

n.少数；少数民族；未成年；

(1) Snow - White and Rose - Red went sadly to unbolt the door for their dear friend.

unbolt
[ˈʌnbəult]
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adj.肮脏的；质地薄的；低劣的；

n.合计；聚集体；骨料；集料（可成混凝土或修路等用的）；
adj.总数的，总计的；聚合的；[地]聚成岩的；
vt.使聚集，使积聚；总计达；

n.条纹；种类；军士军阶；犯人穿的横条囚衣；
vt.使带有条纹；

vt.拔去门闩，打开；

(1) a house in the proximity of (= near) the motorway
(2) The proximity of the college to London makes it very popular.
(3) The area has a number of schools in close proximity to each other.

proximity
[prɒkˈsɪməti]
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n.芦笋，芦笋的茎；天冬；

n.准许进入；承认；坦白；入场费；

n.接近，邻近；接近度，距离；亲近；

布满；点缀着；

(1) a peculiar smell/taste
(2) There was something peculiar in the way he smiled.
(3) I had a peculiar feeling we'd met before.

peculiar
[pɪˈkju:liə(r)]
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adj.奇怪的，古怪的；异常的；特有的，特殊的；
n.专有特权，专有财产；[多用于英国]特殊教堂；

vt.& vi.登上；骑上；
vi.增加；上升；
vt.安装，架置；镶嵌，嵌入；准备上演；成立（军队等）；
n.山峰；攀，登；运载工具；底座；

adj.<医>躁狂的，患躁狂病的；疯狂的；
n.躁狂者；

adj.政治的；政党的；对政治有兴趣的；争权夺利的；

(1) New theatres and arts centres sprang up all over the country.
(2) New policies, organizations and procedures will spring up amid the devastation.
(3) Then a Tree shall spring up on the top of the Tower of London.

spring up
[spriŋ ʌp]
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n.方言，行话；

出生证明；

把…记下来；

跳起；跃起；迅速成长；<非正>突然开始；

(1) the conservative views of his parents
(2) Her style of dress was never conservative.
(3) conservative members/supporters

conservative
[kənˈsɜ:vətɪv]
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adj.各种各样的，五花八门的；根据类划分的；合适的，匹配的；各色；

n.保守的人；（英国）保守党党员，保守党支持者；
adj.保守的；（英国）保守党的；（式样等）不时新的；

vt.使相信，说服，使承认；使明白；使确信；使悔悟，使认错[罪]；

adj.可伸出的，可延展的；

(1) [不可数名词, 可数名词]the mass emigration of Jews from Eastern Europe
(2) He emigrated to Belgium...
(3) They planned to emigrate.

emigrate
[ˈemɪgreɪt]
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vt.打扰，妨碍；使骚动；使不安，使烦恼；妨碍睡眠（休息等）；

adj.灭绝的；绝种的；消逝的；破灭的；

vt.移居国外；

无忧的；

(1) It comforted her to feel his arms around her.
(2) She comforted herself with the thought that it would soon be spring.
(3) The victim's widow was today being comforted by family and friends.

comfort
[ˈkʌmfət]
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vt.竞争，为…而奋争；辩驳；
vi.争斗；竞争；争夺；n.比赛；竞赛；搏斗；

adj.协调的；协定的；协商好的；[乐]合拍调的；

vt.释放；放开；发布；发行；
n.释放，排放，解除；释放令；公映的新影片，发布的新闻[消息]；

n.安慰；舒适；使人舒服的事物；给予援助或安慰的人或事；
vt.安慰，使舒适；使（痛苦等）缓和；

(1) a prominent politician
(2) He played a prominent part in the campaign.
(3) She was prominent in the fashion industry.

prominent
[ˈprɒmɪnənt]
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adj.突出的，杰出的；突起的；著名的；荦；

vt.使…制度化；使成为惯例；把（某人）置于公共机构下；

adj.不慎重的；轻率的；不明智的；不警觉的；

adj.微粒的，粒子的；
n.微粒，粒子；

(1) The gates opened and the crowd surged forward.
(2) Flood waters surged into their homes.
(3) Relief surged through her.

surge
[sə:dʒ]
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n.炮塔，转塔；塔楼，角楼；

vt.取消，使无效；否定，否认；使作废；
vi.否定，否认；无效；
n.反面，对立面；

adv.本能地；

n.汹涌；大浪，波涛；
v.汹涌；起大浪，蜂拥而来；

(1) a football/cricket/rugby pitch
(2) The rugby tour was a disaster both on and off the pitch.
(3) a frenetic pitch of activity

pitch
[pɪtʃ]
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vt.预知，预见；有先见之明；

vt.自夸，自吹自擂；夸口说；以有…而自豪；自负有；
n.夸口，自负；自负的事物，引以为傲的东西；自夸的话；扬言；

adj.动态的；动力的，动力学的；充满活力的，精力充沛的；不断变化的，充满变数的；
n.动态；动力，推动变化的力量；动力学；活力；

n.球场；程度；沥青；树脂；倾斜；
vt.用沥青涂；扔，投；树起，搭起；定位于；
vi.抛，扔；[棒球]当投手；搭帐篷；向前跌或冲；

(1) sales forecasts
(2) The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers.
(3) Experts are forecasting a recovery in the economy.

forecast
[ˈfɔ:-kɑ:st]
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adj.最适宜的；
n.最佳效果；最适宜条件；[生物学] 最适度；

vt.预报，预测；预示；
vi.预报，预测；
n.预报；预言；

n.计数；计算；（英国以外的）伯爵；
vt.计算，计数，清点；认为，算为；点…的数目；指望，期待，依赖；
vi.计数；有价值；有价值；算得上；

n.陆地动物饲养所，玻璃容器；

(1) She's been banned from leaving Greece while the allegations are investigated.
(2) (British English)He was banned from driving for six months.
(3) There is to be a total ban on smoking in the office.

ban
[bæn]
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vt.& vi.即兴创作；临时提供，临时凑成；

vt.围绕，包围；包含或包括某事物；完成；

vt.禁止，下令禁止；剥夺权利；[古]诅咒；
n.禁止，禁令；谴责；诅咒，诅骂；革出教门；

adj.无比的，无双的，空前的；空前的；盖世；

(1) religious beliefs/faith
(2) religious education (= education about religion)
(3) religious instruction (= instruction in a particular religion)

religious
[rɪˈlɪdʒəs]
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adj.很多的，许多的；数量庞大的数量庞大的；数不清的；

adj.虔诚的；笃信宗教的；宗教的；谨慎的；
n.修士，修女，出家人；

vi.努力奋斗，力求；斗争，力争；

记住；怀；挂心；志；

(1) The instructions look very complicated.
(2) It's all very complicated─but I'll try and explain.
(3) a complicated system

complicated
[ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd]
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adj.结构复杂的；混乱的，麻烦的；
v.使复杂化( complicate的过去式)；

adj.使人高兴的，令人兴奋的；振奋的；
v.使高兴，使兴奋( exhilarate的现在分词)；

vt.预报，预测；预示；
vi.预报，预测；
n.预报；预言；

vi.变化；不同，偏离；[生]变异；
vt.使不同；使多样化；[音乐]变奏；

(1) enduring memories
(2) What is the reason for the game's enduring appeal?
(3) an enduringly popular style

enduring
[ɪnˈdjʊərɪŋ]
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v.反抗；叛；

vt.追上，赶上；压倒；（不愉快的事）突然降临；

adj.持久的，不朽的；
v.（长时间地）忍受，忍耐，容忍( endure的现在分词 )；持续，持久，坚持下去；

n.讽刺作家；

(1) an endearing habit
(2) She has such an endearing personality...
(3) Henry's lisp is so endearing.

endearing
[ɪnˈdɪərɪŋ]
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vi.再发生；复发；重现；回想；

adj.使人喜欢的，讨人喜欢的；
v.使某人（自己）受某人喜欢(endear的现在分词)；令…喜欢某人/自己；“endear”的现在分词；

adj.[医]压碎的，粉碎的；
v.压碎，压坏( crush的过去式和过去分词 )；破坏；镇压；榨；

vt.使受喜爱；使亲密；使被爱恋；

(1) optimum growth
(2) the optimum use of resources
(3) the optimum conditions for effective learning

optimum
[ˈɒptɪməm]
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adj.最适宜的；
n.最佳效果；最适宜条件；[生物学] 最适度；

n.侵入，侵占，侵蚀；

博士学位；

adj.难以预测的；难以预料的，未定局的；怀疑的，拿不准的；不明不白；

(1) The pile of books toppled over.
(2) He brushed past, toppling her from her stool.
(3) a plot to topple the President

topple
[ˈtɔpl]
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壮观地，令人吃惊地；

vi.倾倒；摇摇欲坠；倾斜得好倾斜得好像要跌倒一样；
vt.将…推翻，打倒；使…跌倒；

吸收；

vt.将…弄碎；将…弄成粉末或尘埃；摧毁；粉碎；

(1) He can suck up as much information as you can give him.
(2) She suck up to him by agree with everything he say.
(3) Plants suck up moisture from the earth.

suck up
[sʌk ʌp]
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吸收；

n.[电]电通信；电信，通讯；电信学；电讯；

v.供应伙食，迎合；面向；

…富于，…丰富；

(1) The car will soon go to wrack and ruin standing out in all kinds of weather.
(2) The wrack had begun to stink as it rotted in the sun.
(3) Stephen closed his eyes to hear his boots crush crackling wrack and shells.

wrack
[ræk]
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由…起源；取自；

n.（在海岸上长的或冲到海岸上的）海草（用作肥料等）；墨角藻；残败；漂来物；

vt.（音乐的）切分；词中省略，中略；

vt.使文明；使开化；教化；启发；
vi.变得文明；

to make a long story short

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分成，分为；

adv.长话短说；总而言之；

n.（装在项链等上的）垂饰，坠儿；

vt.尖声喊叫，拼命叫喊；喊叫着说出；尖叫得使变…；
vi.尖叫；发出尖锐刺耳的声音；
n.尖叫声，惊叫声；拼命的叫喊声；极其滑稽可笑的人；

(1) agricultural/industrial machinery
(2) a piece of machinery
(3) the machinery of government

machinery
[məˈʃi:nəri]
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adj.使人喜欢的，讨人喜欢的；
v.使某人（自己）受某人喜欢(endear的现在分词)；令…喜欢某人/自己；“endear”的现在分词；

adj.侵略的，侵犯的，攻势的；（美）有进取心的，积极行动的；有进取心的，有闯劲的；好争斗的，借故生端的，爱打架的，要打架的；

n.（总称）机器；（政府等的）机关，组织；机器的运转部份；机械装置；

vt.汇编；编辑；编制；编译；

(1) There was an astounding 20% increase in sales.
(2) The results are quite astounding.
(3) The vegetation surrounding this historic place is equally astounding.

astounding
[əˈstaʊndɪŋ]
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adj.使人震惊的；
vt.使震惊，使大吃一惊astound的现在分词)；

n.前哨；警戒部队；前哨基地；边区村落；

n.汹涌；大浪，波涛；
v.汹涌；起大浪，蜂拥而来；

adj.属于偏执狂的；患妄想狂的；过分猜疑的；
n.偏执狂患者；妄想症患者；

(1) Professor Antonio Golini is a demographer at the University of Rome.
(2) demographer William Frey says immigrants with young families will help keep the United States competitive.

demographer

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n.纸莎草；纸莎草纸；

vt.识别，认出；确定；使参与；把…看成一样；
vi.确定；认同；

vt.& vi.回答，响应；
vi.作出反应，响应；回报或回复；
n.[建]（柱，拱基等的）对称，壁联；

n.人口统计学家；

(1) The fog soon encompassed the whole valley.
(2) The group encompasses all ages.
(3) The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities.

encompass
[ɪnˈkʌmpəs]
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vt.使发展；使进化；设计，制订出；发出，散发；
vi.发展；[生]通过进化进程发展或发生；

vt.围绕，包围；包含或包括某事物；完成；

n.凝胶，白明胶；

vt.& vi.（使）窘迫，（使）局促不安；（使）困难；

(1) The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics.
(2) Epistemology is also the foundation and the arcanum of Wang's theory as a whole.
(3) The success of this experiment is crucial to the project as a whole.

as a whole
[æz ə həul]
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adv.符合语法规则地；

vt.预防；阻碍；阻止；[宗教]引领；
vi.阻挠，阻止；

adj.壮观的，豪华的；极好的或令人满意的；闪亮的；为众人所推崇的；

整体来看；普遍说来，一般地说；

(1) The colonists took up weapons to rebel against the British ruler.
(2) He excited the people to rebel against their rulers.
(3) We do not want you to rebel against your parents.

rebel against
[ˈrebəl əˈɡenst]
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n.调味品，佐料；

v.反抗；叛；

n.（宝石的重量单位）克拉；，（金子）开（以纯金为24开表示金含量的单位）；=karat；

n.可靠性，确实性，真实性；

(1) I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need.
(2) a ballpark estimate (= an approximate estimate)
(3) official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade

estimate
[ˈestɪmət]
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vt.& vi.贡献出；捐赠（款项）；投稿（给杂志等）；出力；vt.& vi.捐助；撰稿；投稿；
vt.增加，增进，添加（到某物）；

n.估计，预测；报价，预算书；评价，判断；
vt.估计，估算；评价，评论；估量，估价；

vt.注视，凝视；盘算，计议；周密考虑；
vi.沉思，深思熟虑；

adj.沉思的；体贴的；缜密思考过的，深思熟虑的；