基础词汇 : 看单词选词义(考) - 5
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(1) Does such an activity constitute a criminal offence?
(2) The increase in racial tension constitutes a threat to our society.
(3) Female workers constitute the majority of the labour force.
constitute
[ˈkɔnstitju:t]
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n.曲调,曲子;和谐,调谐;语调;心情;
vt.调整;使和谐,使一致;调整(频率);为…调音;
vi.协调;[无线]调谐;
n.特别喜欢的人(或物);喜欢的事物;最有希望获胜者(尤指马);收藏夹;
adj.喜爱的,宠爱的,中意的;
[美国英语] = favourite;
v.欺诈;误导;
vt.构成,组成;制定,设立;等同于;指派;
(1) She floated down the steps to greet us.
(2) They floated the idea of increased taxes on alcohol.
(3) The company was floated on the stock market in 2001.
float
[fləut]
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vt.& vi.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮;自由浮动;
vi.游荡;
vt.提出,提请考虑;(股票)上市;
n.彩车;漂浮物;浮板;浮有冰淇淋的饮料;
adj.(质量等)低劣的;下级的,下等的;(位置在)下面的;[植]下位的;
n.部下,下属;次品;晚辈;[印]下角码;
adj.不诚实的,不老实的;不正直的;狡猾的,阴险的;不可靠的;
adj.正派的;得体的;(服装等)相称的,合宜的;相当好的;
(1) The job involves a lot of entertaining.
(2) Barbecues are a favourite way of entertaining friends.
(3) He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes.
entertain
[ˌentəˈteɪn]
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vt.热情款待;使有兴趣;抱着,怀有;考虑;
vi.热情款待;
n.灌木(丛);[机械学](金属)衬套;[电学](绝缘)套管;类似灌木的东西(尤指浓密的毛发或皮毛);
vi.丛生;灌木般丛生;浓密(或茂密)地生长;生密枝;
vt.加(金属)衬套于;加套管于;用耙耙平(耕地);以灌木(或灌木丛)装饰(或覆盖、围绕、围住、支撑、标志、保护等);
adj.(豆科植物等)如灌木般长得低矮的;粗野的;粗鲁的;粗糙但实用的;
n.海港;海湾;避难所;躲藏处;
vt.& vi.心怀;庇护;避入安全地;(船)入港停泊;
vt.包含;使参与,牵涉;围绕,缠绕;使专心于;
(1) He taught me the fundamentals of the job.
(2) the fundamentals of modern physics
(3) a fundamental particle
fundamental
[ˌfʌndəˈmentl]
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adj.基础的,基本的,根本的,重要的,原始的,主要的,十分重大的;[物]基频的,基谐波的;[乐]基音的;
n.原理,原则,基本,根本,基础;[乐]基音;[物]基频,基谐波;
n.订婚,婚约;约会;约定,契约;雇用;
n.补丁,补片;碎片,碎屑;(文章的)一段;斑点;
vt.修补,拼凑;暂时遮掩一下;修理,平息(吵架等);用美人斑装饰(脸);
vi.打补丁;
n.故事,传说;历史,沿革;内情;传记;
vt.用历史故事画装饰;讲…的故事;把…作为故事讲述;
vi.说谎;
(1) (humorous)He used some pretty choice (= rude or offensive) language.
(2) If I had the choice, I would stop working tomorrow.
(3) He had no choice but to leave (= this was the only thing he could do) .
choice
[tʃɔɪs]
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n.选择;选择权;精选品;入选者;
adj.上等的,精选的;
adj.精力充沛的,充满活力的;精力旺盛的,精神饱满的;(措施等)积极的,有力的;雄健;
adj.地方的;当地的,本地的;局部的;褊狭的;
n.慢车;本地居民(律师、教士、医生);住处附近的当地酒店;本地新闻;
n.兴趣,爱好;利害关系,利益;利息;趣味,感兴趣的事;
vt.使产生兴趣;使参与,使加入;引起…的意愿;使产生关系;
(1) His singing can't hold a candle to Pavarotti's.
(2) The bedroom was lit by a single candle.
(3) Girls today can't hold a candle to the beauties of the Fifties.
candle
[ˈkændl]
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n.蜡烛;烛光;蜡烛状物;
vt.对光检查;
vi.商议,商量;[医]会诊;咨询;充当顾问;
vt.请教;翻阅;求教于;顾及;
n.蜡烛;烛光;蜡烛状物;
vt.对光检查;
n.枫树;淡棕色;
(1) provincial assemblies/elections
(2) a provincial town
(3) Jeremy Styles, 34, was the house manager for a provincial theatre for ten years.
provincial
[prəˈvɪnʃl]
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adj.省的,州的;领地的;地方的,乡下的;粗野的,鄙俗的;
n.<贬>首都以外的人,地区居民;外地人;粗野的人;(管辖教区的)大主教;
adj.浅的,肤浅的;表面的,皮毛的;(水,器物等)浅的;(呼吸)浅的;
n.浅处;浅滩;
v.使变浅;使变浅薄;
adj.客观的,实体的;目标的;[语]宾格的;[医]他觉的;
n.目标,任务;[光]物镜;[语]宾语,宾格;[事]出击目标;
n.观众,听众,读者;读者;接见;拥护者,爱好者;
(1) fate was kind to me that day.
(2) By a strange twist of fate , Andy and I were on the same plane.
(3) Each of the managers suffered the same fate .
fate
[feɪt]
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vi.盯着看;显眼;倒立,直竖起;
vt.凝视;盯着他的眼睛;
n.凝视,瞪视;
n.否认,否定;克制;拒绝,拒绝接受;
adj.易看见的,可看见的;显然的,明明白白的;貌似的,表面的;显见;
n.命运,宿命;灾难,死亡;命中注定的事(尤指坏事);
v.注定;
(1) [不可数名词]a sense/feeling of hopelessness
(2) ‘I'll never manage it, ’ he said hopelessly.
(3) to be hopelessly in love
hopeless
[ˈhəʊpləs]
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n.堆,堆积;<口>许多,大量;<俚>破车;
vt.扔成一堆;完全填满,灌满;大量或奢侈的赠予;
adj.不抱希望的,绝望的;没有希望的,惨淡的;不可救药的;不可能的;
n.圣人般的人(指特别善良、仁爱或有耐性的人);圣…(冠于人名、地名之前);(因其生死言行而被基督教会追封的)圣人;圣徒;
vt.成为圣徒;把…视为圣徒;
vt.覆盖,遮蔽;采访,报导;涉及;包括;
n.盖子,覆盖物;(书等的)封面;隐蔽,遮蔽;(保险公司的)保险;
vi.代替;覆盖;
(1) the Arctic/tropical/desert, etc. regions
(2) one of the most densely populated regions of North America
(3) the Basque region of Spain
region
[ˈri:dʒən]
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n.梁,栋梁;束;光线;(电波的)波束;
vi.发出光与热;面露喜色;
vt.播送;以梁支撑;用…照射;流露;
vt.& vi.笑容满面,眉开眼笑;发射电波,播送;放出束状的光(或热);
n.平民,百姓;市民;文官;民法学者;
adj.民用的;平民的;
n.残忍;残忍的行为;残酷行为;虐待;
n.地区,地域,地带;行政区,管辖区;(大气,海水等的)层,界,境;(学问等的)范围,领域;
(1) The city is best explored on foot.
(2) They explored the land to the south of the Murray river.
(3) As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to explore.
explore
[ɪkˈsplɔ:(r)]
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vi.勘查, 探测, 勘探;[医]探查(伤处等),探索,研究;
vt.探索, 探究, 仔细查看;
n.结果,成果;[逻]结论;重要性;推论;
adj.美味的,可口的;有趣的;;喷香;
n.局;(提供某方面信息的)办事处;(美国政府部门)局;(附抽屉及活动写字台的)书桌;
(1) Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.
(2) a prison compound
(3) a compound adjective, such as fair-skinned
compound
[ˈkɔmpaund]
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n.场地;复合物;(筑有围墙的)院子;复合词;vt.调和;使混合;使严重;调停;
adj.复合;[语法学](句子)复合的;合成的;多功能的;
vi.妥协;和解;达成协议;(通过妥协)解决债务、主权等;
vt.& vi.绘画;拖,拉;招致;吸引;
vt.画;拉;吸引;
vi.移动;拔出剑;皱缩;汲取;
n.平局;抽奖;
vt.& vi.运转;操作;经营;管理;
vi.开刀;(对…)动手术;动手术;(在某地)采取军事行动;
vt.操作,控制,使运行;
n.伸展,扩大;延长,延期;[医]牵引;电话分机;
(1) to eat healthily
(2) a healthy bank balance
(3) a healthy profit
healthy
[ˈhelθi]
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adj.有利可图的,有益的;可赚钱的,合算的;
vi.投掷;丢;抛;
n.投掷的距离;丢;
vt.掷(色子);抛;猛动(头、臂、腿);使处于,使限于;
adj.哑的,无说话能力的;不说话的,无声的;沉默的,无言的;口齿不清的,(在政府中)无代言人的,政治上无发言权的;
adj.健康的;健全的;大量的;有益于健康的;
(1) It was only a partial solution to the problem.
(2) a partial eclipse of the sun
(3) I'm not partial to mushrooms.
partial
[ˈpɑ:ʃəl]
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n.逃避;职位空缺;废止;无效;
adj.部分的;偏爱的;偏袒的;钟爱的;
n.[数学]偏微商;
n.微笑,笑容;
vt.以微笑表示;以微笑完成;
vi.微笑;赞许;不在乎;
n.谋杀;杀戮;极艰难[令人沮丧]的经历;
vt.凶杀;糟蹋;打垮;
vi.杀人;
(1) the main/primary/principal objective
(2) to meet/achieve your objectives
(3) You must set realistic aims and objectives for yourself.
objective
[əbˈdʒektɪv]
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vt.使有资格;给…定名;给与…权利;称做;
adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;自明;
adj.客观的,实体的;目标的;[语]宾格的;[医]他觉的;
n.目标,任务;[光]物镜;[语]宾语,宾格;[事]出击目标;
vt.强迫,迫使;强制发生,使不得不;
(1) In the course of time , this kind of lantern has become an exclusive of the Shens.
(2) Chen Xiang: Mom, How this could be a magic lantern?
(3) The Spring Festival lasts till the 15 th of the first lunar month, or the lantern Festival.
lantern
[ˈlæntən]
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n.灯笼;灯塔;灯罩;灯饰;
vt.& vi.比较,对照;
vt.比拟,喻为;[语]构成;
vi.相比,匹敌;比较,区别;比拟(常与to连用);
n.比较;
n.差别,差异;[数]差数,差额;意见分歧;特色;
vt.辨别,区分;
adj.整洁的,干净的;灵巧的;匀整的;未搀水的;
(1) the City of London's financial district
(2) a tax/postal district
(3) a school district
district
[ˈdɪstrɪkt]
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n.地平线;范围;界限;眼界;n.范围;水平(线);[地质学]层;
n.地区;教区;〈美〉(各州众议员)选举区;行政区,市区;
vt.把…分区;
vi.依靠,倚赖,仗恃;信任,信赖;
n.产量;输出;作品;[计]输出信号;
vt.输出;
(1) The two colleges have a reciprocal arrangement whereby students from one college can attend classes at the other.
(2) They expected a reciprocal gesture before more hostages could be freed...
(3) The department said many countries had reciprocal agreements for health care with Britain.
reciprocal
[rɪˈsɪprəkl]
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n.入口,进口;进入;进入方法,进入方式;入场权;
vt.使出神,使入迷;使喜悦,使狂喜;
adj.相互的;互惠的;倒数的;
n.倒数;互相关联的事物;
n.规则,规定;统治,支配;章程;
vt.& vi.控制,支配;判定;裁定,裁决;价格稳定;
vt.统治;规定;管理;裁决;
vi.统治;管辖;裁定;
n.献身,奉献;忠诚;信仰,祈祷;热爱;
(1) fresh, wholesome food
(2) It was clean wholesome fun.
(3) ...good, wholesome fun.
wholesome
[ˈhəʊlsəm]
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adj.巨大的;庞大的;极恶的;凶暴的;
adj.有益健康的;健全的;合乎卫生的;
adj.危险的,冒险的;
n.权威;权力;学术权威;[复数]当权者;
(1) a slab/block of marble
(2) a marble floor/sculpture
(3) Three boys were playing marbles.
marble
[ˈmɑ:bl]
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n.参考;参考书;提及,涉及;证明人,介绍人;
v.引用;参照;
n.大理石;大理石制品;弹子游戏;理智,常识;
adj.大理石的;冷酷无情的;有大理石花纹的;
v.把(书边)弄上大理石花纹;
v.使结合;使化合;兼有;用联合收割机收割;n.联合;联合收割机;联合集团;组合艺术品(由画,拼贴和构成派雕塑等拼凑而成的艺术品);
n.(尤指岩石的)裂缝,缺口;
(1) I felt sick with jealousy.
(2) sexual jealousy
(3) I'm tired of her petty jealousies.
jealousy
[ˈdʒeləsi]
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n.债务;负债情况;义务;罪,过失;
vt.& vi.引导;带领;控制;传导;
vt.组织;安排;实施;执行;
adj.指挥,带领,护送;
vi.(在乐队里)当指挥;(在公共电汽车或火车上)当售票员;指路;n.举止;行为;管理(方式);实施(方式);
adj.有男子气概的;适合男子的;强壮的;
adv.以男人的方式;
n.妒忌,猜忌;戒备,小心提防;
(1) Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist.
(2) Both poets drew their inspiration from the countryside.
(3) Looking for inspiration for a new dessert? Try this recipe.
inspiration
[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn]
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adj.粗鲁的;简陋的;狂暴的;近乎下流的;
vi.切,切开;雕刻;创制,开创;
vt.切片;雕塑;
vt.接来(某人);使发出;吸引;售得(若干价钱);
vi.抵达,到达;取来;卖得(好价钱);
n.拿取,拿来;诡计;风浪区;
n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人或事;启发灵感的人(或事物);吸气;
(1) a jealous wife/husband
(2) He's only talking to her to make you jealous.
(3) She's jealous of my success.
jealous
[ˈdʒeləs]
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adj.妒忌的,妒羡的;猜疑的,留意堤防的;爱惜的,戒备的;精心守护的;
vt.提高(土地、地产)的价值;利用(机会);改善,改良;
vi.变得更好;改进,改善;
adj.男性的;雄性的;有力的;[植]雄性的,仅有雄蕊的;
n.男;雄性动物;[植]雄性植物;马累[马律];
n.寓言,童话;传说;无稽之谈;人人谈论的话题;
v.讲故事,编寓言;虚构,杜撰;煞有介事地讲;
(1) She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications.
(2) Some videos have been banned on the basis that they are too violent.
(3) on a regular/permanent/part-time/temporary basis
basis
[ˈbeɪsɪs]
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n.基础;主要成分;基准,基本原则;
n.试映,预演;预告片;象征,预示;
vt.预映;预先观看;概述;扼要介绍;
vt.不顾;不理会;漠视,忽视;蔑视,轻视;
n.漠视,忽视;不理,不顾;不尊重;
n.<史>火枪,(尤指)滑膛枪;
(1) Her tight-fitting dress left nothing to the imagination.
(2) With a little imagination , you could turn this place into a palace.
(3) His writing lacks imagination.
imagination
[ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn]
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n.授权证;许可证;正当理由;依据;
vt.保证,担保;授权,批准;辩解;
n.特异景象;幽灵;鬼;(特异景象等的)出现;
vt.寻找,探寻;追求,谋求;往或朝…而去;[废语]考察;
vi.查找,查寻;找一找;
n.想像,想像力;空想,妄想;想像出来的事物;
(1) Only a small minority of students is/are interested in politics these days.
(2) minority shareholders in the bank
(3) the rights of ethnic/racial minorities
minority
[maɪˈnɒrəti]
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vi.一瞥;闪微光;掠过,擦过;随便提到,简略地触及;
n.浏览;闪光;歪斜,一掠;
n.政治家;
vt.触怒;得罪,冒犯;使反感令人不适;
vi.犯规,触犯;
n.少数;少数民族;未成年;
(1) It was decided (that) the school should purchase new software.
(2) The case will be decided by a jury.
(3) The Appeal Court decided in their favour .
decide
[dɪˈsaɪd]
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n.准许,赞同;同意;(意见等的)一致;
vi.同意;赞成,赞同;允许;
vt.装备,配备;使具备,使有准备;
vt.决定;决心;解决;裁决;
vi.决定;下决心;
n.运动;活动;动作,举动;乐章;
(1) an ornamental fountain
(2) The chimney pots are purely ornamental.
(3) ...ornamental trees.
ornamental
[ˌɔ:nəˈmentl]
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vt.欺骗,诈骗;误导,愚弄;躲避,逃脱;
vi.作弊,行骗;犯规;俚〉不忠;消磨,解(闷),消除(疲劳);
n.欺骗(行为);骗子;雀麦;〈美俚〉反光镜;
n.方面;面貌;方位,方向;形势;
vt.& vi.攻击,进攻,抨击;
n.攻击;抨击;(队员等的)进攻;(疾病)侵袭;
vt.抨击;非难;侵袭;损害;
adj.装饰的,装饰用的;
n.观赏植物;装饰物;
(1) a minor road
(2) minor injuries
(3) to undergo minor surgery
minor
[ˈmaɪnə(r)]
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n.耐久(力),持久(力);忍耐,忍耐力;
vt.跳;跳过;快速移动;(因吃惊、害怕或激动而)猛地一动;
vi.暴涨;跳跃;猛增;
n.猛长,暴涨;(需要跳越的)障碍;跳伞;
adj.较小的,少数的,小…;未成年的;[乐]小调的,小音阶的;(两同姓男孩中)年幼的;
n.未成年人;副修科目;小公司;[逻辑学]小前提;
vi.[主美国英语]副修,选修,兼修;
n.部分;零件;作用;角色;
vt.使分裂;拆移;使分开;
vi.分开;分离;分岔;
adv.不完全地,部分地;
adj.不完全的,部分的;
(1) ‘Can we still buy tickets for the concert? ’ ‘I imagine so . ’
(2) I don't imagine (that) they'll refuse.
(3) There's nobody there. You're imagining things .
imagine
[ɪˈmædʒɪn]
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vt.想,设想;想像;料想,猜想;误认为;
vi.想象;猜想,推测;
n.通讯,通信;交流;书信;传达;
vt.宣告,公布;表明;赞扬,称颂;
n.下降;(力量、健康、品格、权力、价值等的)衰退;下倾;(人、生命等的)衰退期;
vt.& vi.辞谢,谢绝(邀请等);
vi.(道路、物体等)下倾;(太阳)落下;(在品格、价值上)降低;衰落,谢绝;
vt.谢绝,婉拒;
(1) mutual respect/understanding
(2) mutual support/aid
(3) I don't like her, and I think the feeling is mutual (= she doesn't like me either) .
mutual
[ˈmju:tʃuəl]
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adj.共有的;共同的;相互的;彼此的;
n.娱乐,消遣;招待,款待;娱乐节目;
vi.变少,减少;贬低,轻视,看不起;
vt.减少(某事物),缩小;
n.愚蠢,愚笨;
(1) a china/glass ornament
(2) The clock is simply for ornament; it doesn't work any more.
(3) The building is an ornament to the city.
ornament
[ˈɔ:nəmənt]
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v.搜寻,搜索;调查;搜查;探求;
n.搜索;调查;探求;
n.小路,小巷;航道,空中走廊,规定的单向行车道;车道;[篮球]罚球区;
adj.失明的;盲目的,轻率的;供盲人用的;隐蔽的;
vt.弄瞎,使失明;蒙蔽,欺瞒;使变暗;使昏聩;
n.掩饰;借口;百叶窗;
adv.盲目地;看不见地;
n.装饰;装饰物;[乐]装饰音;
v.装饰;美化;
(1) The show was good entertainment value .
(2) a budget for the entertainment of clients
(3) radio, television and other forms of entertainment
entertainment
[ˌentəˈteɪnmənt]
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vt.提出;介绍;引进;作为…的开头;
n.港口;(事情的)意义;(计算机与其他设备的)接口;(船、飞机等的)左舷;
vt.举枪;持枪;左转舵;
vi.转向左舷;
adj.左舷的,左侧的;
vt.& vi.转舵(向左),把(舵)转向左边;
adv.向左舷,向左;
n.娱乐,消遣;招待,款待;娱乐节目;
adj.粗糙的,粗杂的;粗鲁的;天然的,未加工的;简陋的;
n.原[生]材料,天然物质;原油;
(1) Finance is Mark's area.
(2) The big growth area of recent years has been in health clubs.
(3) the area of a triangle
area
[ˈɛəriə]
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vt.& vi.皱眉;不同意;蹙额;
n.皱眉,蹙额;
adj.健谈的,多嘴的,喜欢说话的;喋喋;
vi.参加某事;分享某事;
vt.得到或接受某部分东西;
n.地区;区域,范围;面积,平地;领域;
(1) a biased jury/witness
(2) a school biased towards music and art
(3) biased information/sources/press reports
biased
[ˈbaɪəst]
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vt.欢迎,迎接;致敬,致意;(景象,声音等)映入眼帘;
n.抢;一阵子,一下工夫;很小的数量;<美俚>诱拐;
vi.作出握住或抢夺的动作;很快接受;
vt.抢夺,夺得;及时救助;[体育运动]举重;
n.其时,其间;
adv.同时,其间;
adj.有偏见的;有偏的;结果偏倚的;
v.使存偏见(bias的过去式和过去分词);
(1) Does it bother you that she earns more than you?
(2) It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.
(3) Stop bothering me when I'm working.
bother
[ˈbɒðə(r)]
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vt.与…相像,类似于;
vt.烦扰,打扰;使…不安,使…恼怒;使迷惑;烦恼;
vi.操心;麻烦;烦恼;
n.麻烦,操心;累赘;烦扰,吵闹;讨厌的人;
n.黏土,泥土;(相对于灵魂而言的)人体,肉体;似黏土的东西;克莱(男子名, Clayton 的昵称);
vt.用黏土处理;[人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 克莱地貌名称,或职业名称,黏土坑工人,来源于古英语,含义是“黏土”(clay);[男子名] 克莱 Clayton的昵称;[地名] [美国] 克莱;
vt.以呻吟声说出;悲叹;抱怨;哀悼;
n.呻吟声;悲叹声;(尤指风的)呼啸声;
vi.呻吟;发出呻吟般的凄切声;悲叹;抱怨;
(1) The food at the hotel was barely edible.
(2) edible fungi/snails/flowers
(3) ...edible fungi.
edible
[ˈedəbl]
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n.测量,测度;措施;程度;尺寸;
vt.测量;估量;
vi.测量;测量(大小,容量,尺寸等);
n.耐心,耐性;忍耐;单人纸牌游戏;
adj.可以吃的,可食用的;
n.食物;
vt.欢呼;使高兴;为…喝彩;为…加油;
n.欢呼,喝彩;兴致勃勃,愉快;心情;令人愉快的事;
vi.欢呼;感到高兴;
(1) She looked desperately around for a weapon.
(2) They desperately wanted a child.
(3) I was absolutely desperate to see her.
desperate
[ˈdespərət]
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n.行为;行动;<律>契约;证书;
v.立契转让;
n.企(事)业单位;事业,计划;事业心,进取心;
vi.提到;针对;关系到;请教;
vt.归因于…;使求助于;送交;认为…起源于;
vt.& vi.参考,查阅;
adj.绝望的;由绝望而引起的;铤而走险的,孤注一掷的;急切的,极度渴望的;
(1) Liverpool won by three goals to one.
(2) United conceded two goals in the first half.
(3) a penalty goal
goal
[ɡəul]
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adj.部分的;偏爱的;偏袒的;钟爱的;
n.[数学]偏微商;
vt.公开;揭露;使显露;使暴露;
vt.宽恕;原谅;赦免;劳驾;
n.饶恕,原谅;赦免;[宗]免罪符;
int.(用于请求别人重复某事)什么,请再说一遍;
n.目标,目的;球门;终点;得分;
(1) a local farmer
(2) A local man was accused of the murder.
(3) Our children go to the local school.
local
[ˈləukəl]
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adj.地方的;当地的,本地的;局部的;褊狭的;
n.慢车;本地居民(律师、教士、医生);住处附近的当地酒店;本地新闻;
n.薪水,薪金,薪俸;
vt.给…加薪;给…薪水;发…薪水;付…薪水;
n.天;天堂;上帝;极乐;
vt.& vi.延伸;扩大;推广;
vt.伸展;给予;延长;发出(邀请、欢迎等);
vi.伸出;延伸;增加;
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