(1) a hitherto unknown species of moth
(2) hitherto, the main emphasis has been on the need to resist aggression...
(3) The polytechnics have hitherto been at an unfair disadvantage in competing for pupils and money...

(1) However, the alternatives level traffickers – also drive up opium prices, increasing funds to the Taliban.
(2) Strychnine, arsenic, and opium are poison.
(3) The third part reconsiders the opium abolition movement of the financial dilemma.

(1) experimentation with new teaching methods
(2) Many people object to experimentation on embryos.
(3) The astronauts are conducting a series of experiments to learn more about how the body adapts to weightlessness...

(1) She has always been to the fore at moments of crisis.
(2) The problem has come to the fore again in recent months.
(3) A number of low-budget independent films brought new directors and actors to the fore.

(1) I'm specializing in differential and integral calculus.
(2) After studying differential calculus you will be able to solve these mathematical problems.
(3) All this leads up to the most fundamental of theorems of calculus.

(1) two weeks/three days/a few hours beforehand
(2) I wish we'd known about it beforehand.
(3) How could she tell beforehand that I was going to go out?...

(1) the left/right cerebral hemisphere
(2) the northern/southern hemisphere
(3) In most people, the left hemisphere is bigger than the right.

(1) the prohibition of smoking in public areas
(2) a prohibition against selling alcohol to people under the age of 18
(3) ...a prohibition on discrimination.

(1) The human skeleton consists of 206 bones.
(2) a dinosaur skeleton
(3) Only the concrete skeleton of the factory remained.

(1) matters of public/private morality
(2) Standards of morality seem to be dropping.
(3) a debate on the morality of abortion

(1) I see my role as being a catalyst for change.
(2) I very much hope that this case will prove to be a catalyst for change...
(3) He said he saw the bank's role as a catalyst to encourage foreign direct investment.

(1) The spice imparts an Eastern flavour to the dish.
(2) His production of Harold Pinter's play fails to impart a sense of excitement or danger.
(3) She managed to impart great elegance to the unpretentious dress she was wearing...

(1) a bulletin on the President's health
(2) At 3.30 p.m. a bulletin was released announcing that the president was out of immediate danger.
(3) ...the early morning news bulletin.

(1) This room is twice the length of the kitchen.
(2) The river is 300 miles in length .
(3) The snake usually reaches a length of 100 cm.

(1) He has been an active participant in the discussion.
(2) 40 of the course participants are offered employment with the company...
(3) You are expected to be an active participant.

(1) ...a glass of chilled, dry white wine.
(2) He's just milking the company dry.
(3) Fulton has retained his dry humour...

(1) She's been deliberately ignoring him all day.
(2) He packed up his possessions slowly and deliberately.
(3) The girl gave the show away deliberately.

(1) They opened a tin of sardines.
(2) The refugees were packed like sardines.
(3) We are packed like sardine all the way home on the bus.

(1) One of the funniest episodes in the book occurs in Chapter 6.
(2) I'd like to try and forget the whole episode.
(3) The new drug lessens the severity of pneumonia episodes.

(1) Cinderella on ice
(2) We've had to put our plans on ice for the time being.
(3) His excuses cut no ice with me.

(1) The case was dismissed.
(2) At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed.
(3) She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.

(1) Hide not your light under a bushel.
(2) Here's a bill for a 2 bushel of nuts delivered to San Francisco.
(3) John, don't hide your light under a bushel. Let the world see what you can do.

(1) To my utter astonishment , she remembered my name.
(2) He stared in astonishment at the stranger.
(3) 'What?' Meg asked in astonishment.

(1) a multitude of possibilities
(2) a multitude of birds
(3) These elements can be combined in a multitude of different ways.

(1) The students were asked to interpret the poem.
(2) I didn't know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.
(3) The data can be interpreted in many different ways.

(1) William the conqueror (= King William I of England)
(2) The people of an oppressed country obey their conquerors because they want to go on living.
(3) He easily overcame Garcia, Saturday's conqueror of Ernie Els...

(1) a jet fighter
(2) a fighter pilot
(3) fighter bases

(1) An all-inclusive two-week holiday costs around £880 per person.
(2) The bill is inclusive of the food and lodging.
(3) Our office is open from Monday to Friday inclusive.

(1) Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.
(2) I felt obliged to ask them to dinner.
(3) He suffered a serious injury that obliged him to give up work.

(1) The sounds of laughter and singing mingled in the evening air.
(2) Her tears mingled with the blood on her face.
(3) The flowers mingle together to form a blaze of colour.

(1) We have collaborated on many projects over the years.
(2) She agreed to collaborate with him in writing her biography.
(3) Researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine.

(1) As a boy he had boxed and wrestled.
(2) Armed guards wrestled with the intruder.
(3) Shoppers wrestled the raider to the ground.

(1) They had a snobbish dislike for their intellectual and social inferiors...
(2) I'd expected her to be snobbish but she was warm and friendly.
(3) snobbish Knob is doing his hobby in the lobby.

(1) the commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
(2) Puerto Rico remains a US commonwealth, not a state.
(3) The city and the commonwealth have lost a great leader.

(1) to follow/obey/observe the rules
(2) It's against all rules and regulations .
(3) to break a rule (= not follow it)

(1) [只用于名词前]a headlong dive/rush
(2) He ran headlong into a police car.
(3) The government is taking care not to rush headlong into another controversy.

(1) Pressure varies directly with temperature and inversely with volume.
(2) The size of the nebula at this stage is inversely proportional to its mass.
(3) The amount of force needed is inversely proportional to the rigidity of the material.

(1) a weather/communications satellite
(2) The interview came live by satellite from Hollywood.
(3) satellite television/TV (= broadcast using a satellite )

(1) insert coins into the slot and press for a ticket.
(2) They inserted a tube in his mouth to help him breathe.
(3) Position the cursor where you want to insert a word.

(1) oyster beds, on the mudflats, are a form of fish farming.
(2) He had two dozen oysters and enjoyed every one of them.
(3) You're young, you've got a lot of opportunity. The world is your oyster.