基础词汇 :
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(1) The maple sap was boiled down to a thick syrup.
(2) The house stood amid maple trees.
(3) A maple leaf obtains the colour of the sun when dedicating its youth to it.
maple[ˈmeɪpl]
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adj.紧密的;亲密的;亲近的;
vt.关;结束;使靠近;
vi.关;结束;关闭;
adv.紧密地;
n.结束;
vt.& vi.说服;劝说;使相信;使信服;
vt.劝阻;劝止;劝戒;
n.枫树;淡棕色;
(1) to study composition
(2) the chemical composition of the soil
(3) the composition of the board of directors
composition[ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn]
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adj.凶猛的,残忍的;猛烈的;狂热的;
vt.揭露,揭发;使暴露;使遭受;使曝光;
vt.描写,形容;叙述;描绘,作图;(行星等)周转;
n.作文,作曲;创作;构图,布置;妥协,和解;
(1) It's chilly today.
(2) I was feeling chilly.
(3) The visitors got a chilly reception.
chilly[ˈtʃɪli]
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n.说明;例证;图解;插图;
n.强制,实施,执行;
adj.寒冷的;怕冷的;冷淡的,疏远的;使心恐惧的;
n.展览,陈列;陈列品,展览品;显示器;炫耀;
vt.显示;陈列;展开,伸展;夸示,炫耀;
vi.(计算机屏幕上)显示;
(1) a ban on the importation of ivory
(2) customs imported from the West
(3) goods imported from Japan into the US
import[ˈimpɔ:t]
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adj.合适的,适当的,适宜的,恰当的;
vt.使有资格;给…定名;给与…权利;称做;
n.进口,进口商品;输入;重要性;意义;
vt.输入,进口;对…有重大关系;意味着;
vi.具重要性;
vt.限制;局限于;禁闭;管制;
n.界限,范围;国界;
(1) The museum is privately funded.
(2) a government-funded programme
(3) a dance festival funded by the Arts Council
fund[fʌnd]
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n.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;
vi.感到妒忌;显示出妒忌;
n.基金;储备;现款;特别基金管理机构;
vt.积存;为…提供资金;提供资金偿付(债款等)的本息;把(短期借款)转为有固定利息的长期借款;
vt.鄙视,看不起;
n.旅行,航海,航空;远行;旅程;
vi.航行,旅行;
vt.驶过,横越;
(1) I'm not boring you, am I?
(2) Has he been boring you with his stories about his trip?
(3) The drill is strong enough to bore through solid rock.
bore[bɔ:(r)]
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vt.令人厌烦;钻孔;用钻、挖或掘的方式打通;
vi.挖洞;钻孔;稳步前进;挤过去;
n.使人讨厌的人[物];高潮;膛径,口径;钻子;
adj.功能的;[数]函数的;有多种用途的;机能性;
vt.& vi.出口,输出;
vt.传播,输出(思想或活动);n.输出,出口;输出[出口]物;
n.环境,境遇;事实,细节;典礼,仪式;
vt.使处于某种特定的情况之下;
(1) an enterprise with a turnover of $26 billion
(2) state-owned/public enterprises
(3) small and medium-sized enterprises
enterprise[ˈentəpraɪz]
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n.企(事)业单位;事业,计划;事业心,进取心;
n.葬,掩埋;葬礼;
n.抢;一阵子,一下工夫;很小的数量;<美俚>诱拐;
vi.作出握住或抢夺的动作;很快接受;
vt.抢夺,夺得;及时救助;[体育运动]举重;
n.仙女;小仙子;小精灵;
adj.美丽的,可爱的;仙女似的;
(1) You'll mend. The X-rays show that your arm will heal all right.
(2) The wounds may heal cleanly or they may ooze a clear liquid.
(3) Minor cuts and grazes can usually be left uncovered to heal by themselves.
heal[hi:l]
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vt.恢复健康的状态;使恢复正常;使(某人)精神恢复健康;
vi.变得完整和健全;
vt.& vi.集合,收集;
vt.装配,组合;
vt.& vi.消化;整理;
vt.吸收;领悟;玩味;
vi.消化;吸收食物;[化学]加热;
n.文摘;摘要;法律汇编;罗马法典;
n.奖;表扬;嘉奖状;推荐;
(1) a decisive factor/victory/battle
(2) She has played a decisive role in the peace negotiations.
(3) a decisive step (= an important action that will change a situation) towards a cleaner environment
decisive[dɪˈsaɪsɪv]
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adj.巨大的;庞大的;极恶的;凶暴的;
vi.发生;出现;闪现;
n.愚蠢,愚笨;
adj.决定性的;坚定的;果断的,决断的;
(1) a calf/neck/thigh muscle
(2) to pull/tear/strain a muscle
(3) This exercise will work the muscles of the lower back.
muscle[ˈmʌsl]
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n.争吵,口角;反目;抱怨…的原因(理由);[史]方镞箭,角镞箭;
vi.争辩,争吵;不同意;挑剔;责备,埋怨;
adj.<贬>(男人)女人气的,女人腔的,外表似女人的;
adv.女人气地,女人腔地;
n.女人气,女人腔;
n.改革,改良,改造;改正;
vt.& vi.改善;
vt.改革;重组;
vi.重组;
adj.改革的;
n.肌肉;力量;权威,权力;
vt.硬挤;使劲搬动;
vi.用力挤;
(1) a fall in the value of exports
(2) the country's major exports
(3) an export licence
export[eksˈpɔ:t]
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n.机会;适当的时机良机;有利的环境,条件;
n.泡,水泡;冒泡,起泡;泡影,妄想;(欲表达的)一点感情;
vt.& vi.起泡,使冒气泡;
vi.使冒泡,发出冒泡的声音;洋溢着(某种感情);滔滔不绝地讲;兴奋,欢闹;
adj.仁慈的,慈善的;宽恕的,宽厚的;慷慨的;
vt.& vi.出口,输出;
vt.传播,输出(思想或活动);n.输出,出口;输出[出口]物;
(1) Let me, by way of illustration , quote from one of her poems.
(2) The statistics are a clear illustration of the point I am trying to make.
(3) 50 full-colour illustrations
illustration[ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn]
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n.说明;例证;图解;插图;
adj.基础的,基本的,根本的,重要的,原始的,主要的,十分重大的;[物]基频的,基谐波的;[乐]基音的;
n.原理,原则,基本,根本,基础;[乐]基音;[物]基频,基谐波;
n.围巾,领巾;嵌接;桌巾,台巾;(木材,金属,皮革的)嵌接;
v.围(围巾);打(领带);披(披巾);用围巾[台布]围[盖];
n.本能,天性;冲动;天资,天才;
adj.深深地充满着;
(1) The trap had cut deeply into the rabbit's flesh.
(2) Tigers are flesh-eating animals.
(3) the smell of rotting flesh
flesh[fleʃ]
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n.肉;肉体;果肉;皮肤;
v.用肉喂养;长胖;
n.胡椒;辣椒;胡椒粉;
vt.在…上撒胡椒粉;使布满;
n.墓地,公墓;
n.悲痛;悔恨,惋惜;伤心事;
vt.& vi.悲痛;遗憾;
(1) When you watch him in training, you realise that this lad is the business.
(2) Thousands of firms could go out of business.
(3) We are not in the business of subsidising scroungers.
business[ˈbɪznəs]
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vt.允诺,许诺;给人以…的指望或希望;
vi.许诺;有指望,有前途;
n.许诺;希望,指望;允诺的东西;
n.商业,交易;生意;事务,业务;职业,行业;
vt.使惊恐,惊吓;使害怕,使恐惧;把…吓跑;
vi.受惊吓;感到害怕;
n.惊恐,惊吓;恐惧;恐慌;
adj.骇人的,令人恐惧的;引起恐慌的;用以吓唬人的;
vt.犯罪,做错事;把…托付给;保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等);承诺,使…承担义务;
(1) The cake was a delicious creation of sponge, cream and fruit.
(2) a literary creation
(3) wealth creation
creation[kriˈeɪʃn]
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n.<史>火枪,(尤指)滑膛枪;
n.局;(提供某方面信息的)办事处;(美国政府部门)局;(附抽屉及活动写字台的)书桌;
vt.浸泡,浸透;吸入;沉浸在(工作或学习中);湿透;
vi.浸泡;渗透或浸透,渗出;讲话者暂停了一下;[俚语] 酗酒;
n.湿透;酒鬼;浸湿性;[俚语]醉汉;
n.制造,创造;创造物,产物;(尤指<圣经>所述由上帝)创造天地,宇宙;(爵位等的)封授;
(1) capital and labour
(2) Use block capitals (= separate capital letters) .
(3) Please write in capitals/in capital letters .
capital[ˈkæpɪtl]
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n.首都;资本;资源;大写字母;
adj.极好的;最重要的;资本的;首都的;
vt.讨论,谈论;论述,详述;商量;
n.进攻;(球队的)前锋;进攻方法;攻势;
vt.连接,联结;使…有联系;为…接通电话;插入插座;
vi.连接;建立关系;[体]成功击中;
(1) a storage jar
(2) a jar of coffee
(3) a water jar
jar[dʒɑ:(r)]
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vt.& vi.出版,发行;发表,宣布(结婚等);公布,颁布;出版…的著作;
n.罐子;(啤酒)杯;缸;猛然震动;
vi.发出刺耳的声音;不和谐;不一致;(对…)产生不快的影响;
vt.使震动;
adj.粗糙的,崎岖不平的;粗鲁的;狂暴的,汹涌的;未经加工的;
vt.粗暴地对待;使粗糙;草拟;
n.粗糙的部分;艰难,苦难;(高尔夫球场的)深草区;
adv.粗暴地;
vi.举止粗野;
adj.健康的;健全的;大量的;有益于健康的;
(1) There is no known cure but the illness can be treated.
(2) Doctors cannot effect a cure if the disease has spread too far.
(3) The cure took six weeks.
cure[kjuə]
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vt.治愈;矫正;解决;消除;
vi.受治疗;被加工处理;
n.治愈;药物;疗法;措施;
adj.有节制的;稳健的,温和的;适度的,中等的;<美俚>慢吞吞的;
vt.使和缓;主持;节制;
vi.变缓和;作主持人;
n.基础;主要成分;基准,基本原则;
vt.& vi.教育,教导;训练,培养;
vt.使理解或接受;
(1) continual complaints/interruptions
(2) He was in a continual process of rewriting his material.
(3) We lived in continual fear of being discovered.
continual[kənˈtɪnjuəl]
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vt.想像;设想;想要;猜想;
n.设想;想像力;爱好;怪想;
adj.(构思者)奇特的;昂贵的;(价格等)高价的;[美国俚语]真棒;
vi.想象,幻想;
vt.奉承,阿谀;使满意,使高兴;(画像等的形象)美于(真人[实物]);
n.[机]平面锤;压平机;扁平槽;敲平的人;
adj.不间断的;不停的;多次重复的;频繁的;
vt.用力插入;使陷入;
vi.跳入;全心投入;突降,俯冲;
n.投入,陷入;游泳,跳水;
(1) Nevertheless it is nice to see camels here alongside the horses.
(2) The batter skied to the center fielder.
(3) The city has developed into a center of industry.
center[ˈsentə]
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n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人或事;启发灵感的人(或事物);吸气;
n.中心;(球队的) 中锋;中心区;中枢;
adj.中央的,位于正中的;(在)中心的;
vt.集中;使聚集在一点;定中心;居中;
vi.居中,有中心,被置于中心;
vt.欠…债;感激;应归功于;怀有情感;
vt.创造,创作;产生;封爵,把…封为(贵族);
vi.[英][俚]大发脾气,大发牢骚;
(1) It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.
(2) It's obvious from what she said that something is wrong.
(3) I know you don't like her but try not to make it so obvious.
obvious[ˈɒbviəs]
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n.献身,奉献;忠诚;信仰,祈祷;热爱;
n.装饰,装潢;装饰品;装饰图案,装饰风格;奖章;
adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;自明;
n.方法;条理;
(1) The sounds of laughter and singing mingled in the evening air.
(2) Her tears mingled with the blood on her face.
(3) The flowers mingle together to form a blaze of colour.
mingle[ˈmɪŋgl]
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adj.坦白的,直率的;清楚表明的;明显的;
n.弗兰克;免费邮寄权;免费邮戳或签名;免费邮寄的信件;
vt.免费寄(邮件);盖免费邮寄公章;盖邮戳;便于使(人)自由地来往;
n.赞扬,称赞;崇拜;赞词;
v.赞扬,赞美;歌颂;崇拜;
vt.& vi.混合,混淆;
vi.混进,与…交往;
vt.欢呼;使高兴;为…喝彩;为…加油;
n.欢呼,喝彩;兴致勃勃,愉快;心情;令人愉快的事;
vi.欢呼;感到高兴;
(1) Oil and water do not mix.
(2) Oil does not mix with water.
(3) mix all the ingredients together in a bowl.
mix[mɪks]
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adj.特有的;独特的;表示特性的;显示…的特征的;
n.特性,特征,特色,[数](对数的)首数;独特性;性质;
vt.& vi.混合;(使)结交;相容;平安相处;
n.混录;食物混合配料;乐曲组合;
vt.调配,配制;
vi.混合录音,混录,混音;
vt.疏忽;忽略;遗漏;疏于照顾;
n.玩忽;被忽略的状态;怠慢;
n.端点;尽头;手和足;极窘迫的境地;
(1) the Panama/Suez canal
(2) an irrigation canal
(3) ...the Grand Union canal.
canal[kəˈnæl]
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n.运河,沟渠;管道;气管;食道;
vt.建运河;疏导;
adj.愚蠢的;迟钝的;乏味的;晕眩的,昏迷不醒的;
n.<口>傻子,笨蛋;
n.议会,国会;
vt.陈列,展览;呈现;证明;[法]提交证据;
vi.公开展览某物;展出;
n.展览,陈列;展览品;公开展示;[法]证据;
(1) He was created a baronet in 1715.
(2) The government has created eight new peers.
(3) They've painted it red to create a feeling of warmth.
create[kriˈeɪt]
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vi.哀痛;服丧;咕哝;
vt.表示深深的遗憾;哀悼;悲哀地说;
adj.布满灰尘的;尘状的;浅灰色的;枯燥无味的;
vt.创造,创作;产生;封爵,把…封为(贵族);
vi.[英][俚]大发脾气,大发牢骚;
vt.想,设想;想像;料想,猜想;误认为;
vi.想象;猜想,推测;
(1) Ten men compose the committee.
(2) Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.
(3) She composed a letter of protest.
compose[kəmˈpəʊz]
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adj.普通的,平常的,正常的;规定的,照常的,平凡的,拙劣的;平庸的,平淡的;[法]直辖的;
n.普通,平常的人(或事);常例;[商](英)普通股;法官,宗教法官;
n.难看,丑陋;丑陋的东西;
vt.哀号,吼叫;
vi.嚎叫,咆哮;哀嚎;<俚>开心地狂笑;<俚>狂欢;
n.嗥叫;嚎哭;<俚>及其可笑的事物;
vt.组成,构成;调解;[印刷]排(字);使安定;
vt.& vi.创作(乐曲、诗歌等);为…谱曲;
vi.构图,构成;
(1) They live in a great barn of a house.
(2) They live in a converted barn (= a barn that has been turned into a house) .
(3) a hay barn
barn[bɑ:n]
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n.猫头鹰;惯于晚上活动的人;夜猫子;(像猫头鹰一样)机警的人;
n.边缘,范围;极限;利润,盈余;(版心外)的空白;
vt.留边;成为…的边;加边于,围绕;为…加旁注;
n.恐怖;惊吓;可怕的东西,难看的人;
v.使惊恐;
n.谷仓,粮仓;牲口棚;(公共汽车、卡车等的)车库;一种特别大且空荡的房屋;
(1) to take out/repay a loan (= to borrow money/pay it back)
(2) bank loans with low interest rates
(3) It took three years to repay my student loan (= money lent to a student) .
loan[ləun]
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n.〈古〉方式,方法;本质,天性;同类;某类;
adj.仁慈的,体贴的;友善的,好心的;温和;宽宏大量的;
n.安全;保证,担保;保护,防护;有价证券;
adj.安全的,保安的,保密的;
n.贷款;借款;借用;
vt.借,借给;
vi.借出;
n.寓言,童话;传说;无稽之谈;人人谈论的话题;
v.讲故事,编寓言;虚构,杜撰;煞有介事地讲;
(1) constant interruptions
(2) a constant stream of visitors all day
(3) Babies need constant attention.
constant[ˈkɒnstənt]
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n.灰尘;(建筑物内、家具或地板等上的)灰尘;遗骸,尸体,人体,人;〈口〉金粉,粉末,粉剂,花粉;
vt.& vi.拂(一拂),掸(一掸);
vt.撒(粉)于;擦去…的灰尘;擦灰;撢去;
adj.钝的;迟钝的;呆滞的;阴暗的;
v.缓和;减轻;使阴暗;
n.证明;校样;检验;(酒的)标准酒精度;
adj.防…的;抗…的;能抵御;能防范;
vt.给(织物)做防护处理,使防水(或防火等);印…的校样;
vi.[印刷术] 校对;发酵;
adj.不断的,持续的;永恒的,始终如一的;坚定;忠实的;
n.[数]常数,常量;不变的事物;永恒值;
(1) winding country lanes
(2) We drove along a muddy lane to reach the farmhouse.
(3) The quickest way is through the back lanes behind the bus station.
lane[leɪn]
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n.花,群花;开花时期,(发育的)初期;兴旺时期;
vi.(植物)开花;繁荣,兴旺;长成;
vt.欺骗,诈骗;误导,愚弄;躲避,逃脱;
vi.作弊,行骗;犯规;俚〉不忠;消磨,解(闷),消除(疲劳);
n.欺骗(行为);骗子;雀麦;〈美俚〉反光镜;
n.小路,小巷;航道,空中走廊,规定的单向行车道;车道;[篮球]罚球区;
vt.坚决主张;提出理由证明;说服,劝告;表明,证明;
vi.争论,辩论;提出理由;
(1) a chill of fear/apprehension
(2) His words sent a chill down her spine .
(3) They were chilled by the icy wind.
chill[tʃɪl]
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n.赤道;(平分球形物体的面的)圆;(任何)大圆;
n.其时,其间;
adv.同时,其间;
vt.& vi.(使)变冷;使很冷;使冰冷;使恐惧;
n.寒冷,发冷;冷漠;扫兴;[冶金学]激冷;
adj.冷的;冷漠的;令人失望的;
vt.令失望;使沮丧;使扫兴;使消沉;
vt.& vi.(把…)联系起来;讲,叙述(故事等);
vt.讲述,叙述;使…有联系;建立或展示联系;
vi.有联系;涉及;符合;发生共鸣;
(1) The incident illustrates the need for better security measures.
(2) Last year's sales figures are illustrated in Figure 2.
(3) To illustrate my point , let me tell you a little story.
illustrate[ˈɪləstreɪt]
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vt.占领;使用,住在…;使从事,使忙碌;任职;
vt.& vi.怀孕;构思;想像,设想;持有;
vi.怀孕;设想;考虑;
vi.跳上[下];单足蹦跳;齐足(或双足)跳行;摘葎草花;
vt.跃过;登上(飞机、汽车、火车等);在…跳来跳去;加啤酒花于;
n.跳舞;蹦跳;(棒球等的)弹跳;(非正式)舞会;
vt.& vi.换来换去,不断更换;
vt.说明;表明;给…加插图;(用示例、图画等)说明;
vi.举例说明;
(1) Choose curtains that blend in with your decor.
(2) The thieves soon blended in with the crowd and got away.
(3) Beat the butter and sugar; then blend in the egg.
blend[blend]
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n.技工,机修工;
n.烦恼,忧虑;担心;撕咬;
vi.担心,焦虑;为…发愁;撕咬;
vt.使烦恼;烦扰;撕咬;
n.努力,尝试;工作;成就;杰作;
vt.混合;把…掺在一起;(使)调和;协调;
vi.掺杂;结合;相配,相称;
n.混合;混合色,合成语;混合物;
(1) I didn't really want to go but he insisted.
(2) ‘Please come with us. ’ ‘Very well then, if you insist . ’
(3) He insists that she come.
insist[ɪnˈsɪst]
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n.雾;烟雾;迷惑;割后再生的草;
vt.以雾包围;使模糊;使迷惑;
vi.为雾笼罩;朦胧;照片(模糊);
vt.& vi.攻击,进攻,抨击;
n.攻击;抨击;(队员等的)进攻;(疾病)侵袭;
vt.抨击;非难;侵袭;损害;
vt.& vi.坚持;强调;坚决要求;坚决认为;
vi.存在;生存;生活;继续存在;
(1) He fastened the papers together with a paper clip.
(2) The dog fastened its teeth in his leg.
(3) His hand fastened on her arm.
fasten[ˈfɑ:sən]
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n.灯笼;灯塔;灯罩;灯饰;
vt.系牢,钉牢;使坚固或稳固;使合在一起:封合;集中:稳定地集中或指向:;
vi.附着,扣紧;紧握,紧抱;集中:显著地注意,集中;
n.结构;构造;建筑物;体系;
vt.构成,排列;安排;
vt.加强,增强;增加营养物;使体力增加;鼓励,使(意志等)坚定;
vi.构筑防御工事;
(1) Then, for no apparent reason , the train suddenly stopped.
(2) My parents were concerned at my apparent lack of enthusiasm for school.
(3) It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.
apparent[əˈpærənt]
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vt.& vi.结束,终止;推断;议定;
vt.得出结论;缔结;推断出;决定;
vi.终了;作出决定或达成协议;
adj.易看见的,可看见的;显然的,明明白白的;貌似的,表面的;显见;
vi.逃脱;(气体,液体等)漏出;(未受伤或只受了一点伤害而)逃脱;声音(不自觉地)由…发出;
vt.& vi.逃避,避开;
n.逃走;逃跑工具或方法;野生种;泄漏;
vt.被忘掉,被忽视;
n.好感;宠爱;关切;欢心;
vt.支持;赞成;照顾;促成;
[美国英语]= favour;
(1) a secret underground passage
(2) A dark narrow passage led to the main hall.
(3) blocked nasal passages
passage[ˈpæsɪdʒ]
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vt.& vi.打听,询问;查究;
adj.有益健康的;健全的;合乎卫生的;
n.(文章的)一段;经过;通路,通道;旅程,行程;
adj.忠诚的,忠心的;忠贞的;
n.效忠的臣民;忠实信徒;
(1) graduation day
(2) My whole family came to my graduation.
(3) The graduations are marked on the side of the flask.
graduation[ˌgrædʒuˈeɪʃn]
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vt.& vi.喷;喷射;
n.喷雾;喷雾器;浪花;(用作装饰的)小树枝;
n.小屋,村舍;(农舍式的)小别墅;(郊外的)新式住宅,(大院内的)单幢住宅;乡下房子,小房子;
n.毕业;毕业典礼;刻度,分度;分等级;
vt.使溶解;使(固态物)溶解为液体,使液化;使消失,使消逝,消除;使终止;
vi.溶解;融化,液化;解散,散去;分裂,分解;
(1) Television helps to relieve the boredom of the long winter evenings.
(2) I started to eat too much out of sheer boredom.
(3) He had given up attending lectures out of sheer boredom...
boredom[ˈbɔ:dəm]
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adj.诚实的;坦诚的;老实的;辛勤挣得的;
n.讨厌,令人讨厌的事物;无聊,无趣;厌倦;
n.害怕;可能性;(对神等的)敬畏;忧虑;
vt.畏惧;害怕;为…忧虑(或担心、焦虑);敬畏(神等);
vi.害怕;忧虑;感到害怕;惧怕;
vt.指责,责怪;归咎于;
n.责备;责任;过失;
(1) She recently graduated from being a dancer to having a small role in a movie.
(2) The college graduated 50 students last year.
(3) Martha graduated from high school two years ago.
graduate[ˈgrædʒuət]
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vt.& vi.赞成,同意;
vt.批准;认可;核准;为…提供证据;
vi.赞同;称许;称赞;满意、喜欢(of);
adj.浅的,肤浅的;表面的,皮毛的;(水,器物等)浅的;(呼吸)浅的;
n.浅处;浅滩;
v.使变浅;使变浅薄;
n.镜子,反光镜;真实的写照;反映,借鉴;榜样;
vt.反映;反射;
vi.渐变;渐渐变为(与into连用);渐渐消逝(与away连用);取得资格(与as连用);
vt.授予学位或毕业证书;从…接受学位;分成等级;标以刻度;
n.<美>毕业生;<英>大学毕业生;(已经取得学士学位正在攻读高级学位的)研究生;量筒;
adj.<美>毕业了的,研究生的;有(学士)学位的;
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