(1) A new cast steel materials with spheroidal graphite has been studied.
(2) The allotropes of carbon include diamond, graphite and charcoal, all with the same chemical properties.
(3) Commonly used bearing material has SiC ceramics, graphite, PTFE, such as filling.

(1) a monstrous lie/injustice
(2) a monstrous wave
(3) a monstrous figure/creature

(1) Please help me, I entreat you.
(2) She entreated him not to go.
(3) Trevor Steven entreated them to delay their departure...

(1) In the end the contrary was proved true: he was innocent and she was guilty.
(2) ‘It must have been terrible. ’ ‘On the contrary, I enjoyed every minute. ’
(3) I don't find him funny at all. Quite the contrary.

(1) The company was publicly rebuked for having neglected safety procedures.
(2) [可数名词, 不可数名词]He was silenced by her stinging rebuke.
(3) The president rebuked the House and Senate for not passing those bills within 100 days.

(1) fake designer clothing
(2) a fake American accent
(3) a jacket in fake fur

(1) a necklace of wooden beads
(2) A bead curtain separated the two rooms.
(3) There were beads of sweat on his forehead.

(1) He treated them with generosity and thoughtfulness.
(2) ...a man of great generosity of spirit.
(3) There are stories about his generosity, the massive amounts of money he gave to charities.

(1) fillet/rump/sirloin steak
(2) How would you like your steak done?
(3) a steak knife (= one with a special blade for eating steak with)

(1) He had his enemies flung into prison .
(2) She flung herself onto the bed.
(3) He flung out an arm to stop her from falling.

(1) He fluttered his hands around wildly.
(2) She fluttered her eyelashes at him (= tried to attract him in order to persuade him to do sth) .
(3) The butterfly fluttered from flower to flower.

(1) to draw/make inferences from the data
(2) The clear inference is that the universe is expanding.
(3) If he is guilty then, by inference , so is his wife (= it is logical to think so, from the same evidence) .

(1) a pirate ship
(2) a pirate edition
(3) software pirates

(1) a state banquet in honour of the visiting President
(2) Last night he attended a state banquet at Buckingham Palace.
(3) He entertained me with a banquet.

(1) the exploration of space
(2) oil exploration (= searching for oil in the ground)
(3) the book's explorations of the human mind

(1) It is not possible to infect another person through kissing.
(2) people infected with HIV
(3) eggs infected with salmonella

(1) a yeasty smell
(2) The mediative effect of yeast polysaccharide on the intestinal microflora of egg laying chicks was studied.
(3) Brain Fuel no: yeast, salt, sugar, gluten, dairy, starch, soy, animal products, artificial preservatives or coloring.

(1) busy/congested motorways
(2) Join the motorway at Junction 19.
(3) Leave the motorway at the next exit.

(1) The planet jupiter may have no solid surface at all.
(2) The astronomers were taking an observation of jupiter.
(3) How many moons has the planet jupiter?

(1) ...flowering shrubs.
(2) Rose, a red rose for the deciduous shrub rose family.
(3) South African shrub grown for its profusion of white flowers.

(1) Stay well away from the helicopter when its blades start to rotate.
(2) rotate the wheel through 180 degrees.
(3) The EU presidency rotates among the members.

(1) bright/dark/light/pale blue
(2) The room was decorated in vibrant blues and yellows.
(3) She was dressed in blue.

(1) Headaches may be a sign of stress.
(2) There is no sign of John anywhere.
(3) Call the police at the first sign of trouble.

(1) rinse the cooked pasta with boiling water.
(2) She rinsed the mud from her hands.
(3) I wanted to rinse the taste out of my mouth.

(1) Nursing is not just a job─it's a vocation.
(2) She believes that she has found her true vocation in life.
(3) You missed your vocation─you should have been an actor.

(1) a trip to the seaside
(2) a day at/by the seaside
(3) [只用于名词前]a seaside resort

(1) ultraviolet rays (= that cause the skin to go darker)
(2) an ultraviolet lamp
(3) The sun's ultraviolet rays are responsible for both tanning and burning.

(1) the ocean bed
(2) oyster beds (= an area in the sea where there are many oysters )
(3) flower beds

(1) the expenditure of emotion
(2) This study represents a major expenditure of time and effort.
(3) The budget provided for a total expenditure of £27 billion.

(1) She is used to dealing with all kinds of people in her job.
(2) to deal with enquiries/issues/complaints
(3) Have you dealt with these letters yet?

(1) the presiding judge
(2) They asked if I would preside at the committee meeting.
(3) (figurative)The party presided over one of the worst economic declines in the country's history (= it was in power when the decline happened) .

(1) The various elements of the novel fail to cohere.
(2) The scriptwriter helped him to adapt his novel for the screen.
(3) This adaptation perfectly captures the spirit of Kurt Vonnegut's novel.

(1) There's trouble looming on the horizon.
(2) The company needs new horizons now.
(3) She wanted to travel to broaden her horizons .

(1) Her promotion to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.
(2) The new job is a promotion for him.
(3) a job with excellent promotion prospects

(1) You look wretched─what's wrong?
(2) I felt wretched about the way things had turned out.
(3) She had a wretched time of it at school.

(1) Leaders from around the world eulogized the egyptian president.
(2) the ancient egyptian pantheon
(3) egyptian law was in fact highly developed and extraordinarily efficient.

(1) I start work at nine.
(2) He's just started a new job.
(3) I only started (= began to read) this book yesterday.

(1) A robin was pecking at crumbs on the ground.
(2) A bird had pecked a hole in the sack.
(3) Vultures had pecked out the dead goat's eyes.

(1) financial woes
(2) Thanks for listening to my woes.
(3) a tale of woe

(1) As their roots are strong and penetrating, they prevent erosion.
(2) ...erosion of the river valleys.
(3) ...the erosion of confidence in world financial markets.