(1) The book is full of references to growing up in India.
(2) She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.
(3) the President's passing reference to (= brief mention of) the end of the war

(1) a classical scholar
(2) He was the most distinguished scholar in his field.
(3) a Rhodes scholar

(1) Worldwide sales reached 2.5 billion.
(2) half a billion dollars
(3) They have spent billions on the problem (= billions of dollars, etc.) .

(1) a shallow dish
(2) They were playing in the shallow end (= of the swimming pool) .
(3) These fish are found in shallow waters around the coast.

(1) She drew away and did not smile...
(2) When we drew level, he neither slowed down nor accelerated.
(3) He drew his chair nearer the fire...

(1) Just point the camera and press the button.
(2) cameras started clicking as soon as she stepped out of the car.
(3) a TV/video camera

(1) He was well acquainted with the literature of France, germany and Holland.
(2) The agent spied for East germany for more than twenty years.
(3) His new relationship with germany is enshrined in a new non-aggression treaty.

(1) The interval between major earthquakes might be 200 years.
(2) There will be an interval of 20 minutes after the second act.
(3) She's delirious, but has lucid intervals.

(1) Holiday inn
(2) ...the Waterside inn.
(3) He's at the Holiday inn Hotel.

(1) What a beautiful stroke!
(2) He won by two strokes (= in golf , by taking two fewer strokes than his opponent) .
(3) His punishment was six strokes of the cane.

(1) an ocean liner
(2) a luxury cruise liner
(3) bin/nappy liners

(1) Lie face upwards with a cushion under your head.
(2) My ambition was to travel upwards in the ecclesiastical hierarchy.
(3) She caught a clear view upwards of the spotlit temple.

(1) She was efficient and reliable...
(2) Japanese cars are so reliable.
(3) There is no reliable information about civilian casualties...

(1) None of the passengers and crew were injured.
(2) crew members
(3) the officers and crew

(1) Slowly jewish communities were reconstituted and jewish life began anew.
(2) The matchmaker has been an important member of jewish communities for centuries.
(3) The jewish feast of Passover began last night.

(1) legal fees
(2) Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account?
(3) fee-paying schools (= that you have to pay to go to)

(1) He's one of my dearest friends.
(2) Her daughter is very dear to her.
(3) dear Sir or Madam

(1) junior employees
(2) She is junior to me.
(3) the world junior tennis championships

(1) This proposal has attracted a lot of interest .
(2) His comments were bound to attract criticism .
(3) She tried to attract the attention of the waiter.

(1) a wooden box
(2) The actor playing the father was too wooden.
(3) She speaks her lines very woodenly.

(1) leading experts
(2) She was offered the leading role in the new TV series.
(3) He played a leading part in the negotiations.

(1) Add the juice of two lemons.
(2) a carton of apple juice
(3) Two orange juices, please.

(1) to have different/conflicting/opposing views
(2) Washington and Moscow are believed to have similar views on Kashmir...
(3) I take the view that she should be stopped as soon as possible...

(1) I'll pay for the tickets.
(2) Are you paying in cash or by credit card ?
(3) Her parents paid for her to go to Canada.

(1) a block of text in a document
(2) (British English)The theatre gives discounts for block bookings (= a large number of tickets bought at the same time) .
(3) The three-hour class is divided into four blocks of 45 minutes each.

(1) water vapour
(2) ...water vapour.
(3) How can the water become vapour?

(1) The report flagged up the dangers of under-age drinking.
(2) flagging support/enthusiasm
(3) Her confidence had never flagged.

(1) He has brought much of the present crisis on himself...
(2) ...the government's present economic difficulties...
(3) ...his struggle to reconcile the past with the present.

(1) The cat belongs to the people who live upstairs.
(2) I carried her bags upstairs.
(3) She went upstairs to get dressed.

(1) A slight feeling of suspicion crept over me.
(2) As she became more tired, errors began to creep into her work.
(3) House prices are creeping up again.

(1) ‘Listen! ’ said Doyle suddenly.
(2) I suddenly realized what I had to do.
(3) It all happened so suddenly.

(1) life/car/travel/household, etc. insurance
(2) to have adequate insurance cover
(3) to take out insurance against fire and theft

(1) Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.
(2) Yesterday the pound strengthened against the dollar.
(3) The wind had strengthened overnight.

(1) a sense of relief
(2) We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.
(3) She sighed with relief.

(1) to do/work overtime
(2) overtime pay/earnings/hours
(3) The union announced a ban on overtime.

(1) the Royal academy of Arts
(2) the Royal academy of Music
(3) a police/military academy

(1) The furniture comes complete with tools and instructions for assembly.
(2) We were in complete agreement.
(3) a complete change

(1) This time next week I shall be in Scotland.
(2) We shan't be gone long.
(3) I said that I should be pleased to help.

(1) A new system has been devised to control traffic in the city.
(2) We devised a scheme to help him...
(3) New long-range objectives must be devised.

(1) The students' work varies considerably in quality.
(2) The quality of the students' work varies considerably.
(3) New techniques were introduced with varying degrees of success.