基础词汇 : 看单词选词义(考) - 23
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(1) Sorry, I didn't mean to frighten you.
(2) She's not easily frightened.
(3) She doesn't frighten easily (= it is not easy to make her afraid) .
frighten
[ˈfraɪtn]
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vt.失去;错过;遗失;耽搁;
vi.损失;输掉;走慢;降低价值;
vt.使惊恐,使恐慌;吓走,赶走;
vi.害怕,惊恐;
vt.& vi.打听,询问;查究;
vi.竞赛;竞争;比得上;参加比赛(或竞赛);
(1) travelling companions
(2) (figurative)Fear was the hostages' constant companion.
(3) She was a charming dinner companion.
companion
[kəmˈpæniən]
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vt.占领;使用,住在…;使从事,使忙碌;任职;
n.同伴;[天]伴星(=~star);(用于书名)指南;同甘共苦的伙伴;
vt.同行;陪伴;
n.火焰;热情,激情;〈俚〉爱人,情人;激动;
vi.燃烧,发出火焰;面红;闪光;
vt.烧;激起,激怒;
adj.无知的,愚昧的;由无知引起的;无学识的;
(1) equipment to lighten the load of domestic work
(2) The measures will lighten the tax burden on small businesses.
(3) The sky began to lighten in the east.
lighten
[ˈlaɪtn]
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vt.使(某物)更明亮;
vi.点亮;减轻;
n.改革,改良,改造;改正;
vt.& vi.改善;
vt.改革;重组;
vi.重组;
adj.改革的;
n.辩护;防御;防御工事;后卫;
n.补丁,补片;碎片,碎屑;(文章的)一段;斑点;
vt.修补,拼凑;暂时遮掩一下;修理,平息(吵架等);用美人斑装饰(脸);
vi.打补丁;
(1) I got the fright of my life .
(2) The birds took fright and flew off.
(3) You gave me a fright jumping out at me like that.
fright
[fraɪt]
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vt.调查;审查;研究;
vi.作调查;
n.受精,怀孕;胚胎;概念;设想,构想;
n.恐怖;惊吓;可怕的东西,难看的人;
v.使惊恐;
n.要求;需要;所请求的事物;申请书;
vt.(下级对上级的)请求;请求得到;索取;邀请[常接不定式或从句];
(1) Who invented the steam engine?
(2) What excuse did he invent this time?
(3) Many children invent an imaginary friend.
invent
[ɪnˈvent]
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vt.发明,创造;虚构;
n.鄙视;轻蔑;不屑一顾;笑柄;
vt.轻视;看不起;蔑视;不屑做;
vi.表示轻蔑;表示鄙视;嘲笑;
adj.聪明的;敏捷的;漂亮的;整齐的;
vi.疼痛;感到刺痛;难过;
n.创伤;刺痛;疼痛;痛苦;
vt.引起…的疼痛(或痛苦、苦恼等);
adv.聪明伶俐地,轻快地,漂亮地;
vt.决定;决心;解决;裁决;
vi.决定;下决心;
(1) The case was dismissed.
(2) At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed.
(3) She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.
dismiss
[dɪsˈmɪs]
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vt.解雇,把…免职;遣散,解散(队伍等);驳回,拒绝受理;搁置;
vi.解散;
vt.宣告,公布;表明;赞扬,称颂;
n.多数;(获胜的)票数;成年;法定年龄;
adj.普通的;通俗的;[数学]公共的;共有的;
n.[法律](对土地、水域的)共有权;公共用地;普通;平民;
(1) The captain knew there was an engine fault but didn't want to alarm the passengers.
(2) A car alarm went off in the middle of the night (= started ringing) .
(3) The alarm went off at 7 o'clock.
alarm
[əˈlɑ:m]
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n.大理石;大理石制品;弹子游戏;理智,常识;
adj.大理石的;冷酷无情的;有大理石花纹的;
v.把(书边)弄上大理石花纹;
n.惊恐;警报;闹铃;动员令;
vt.使惊恐;警告;给(门等)安装警报器;
vt.动摇;摇头;使发抖;使心绪不宁[烦恼,惊吓];
vi.摇(出),抖(掉);握手;(嗓音)颤抖;
n.摇动;震动;哆嗦;混合饮料;
adj.选任的;有选举权的;(课程)选修的;(可选择的)可选择的;
n.选修课程;
(1) Who is your favourite author?
(2) He is the author of three books on art.
(3) best-selling author Joan Collins
author
[ˈɔ:θə]
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vt.& vi.观察;研究;
vt.遵守;观察;庆祝;
vi.注意;说;评述;当观察员;
n.著作家;作者;创造者;发起人;
vt.创作出版;n.作者;创造者;发起人;
n.损失,减少;丢失,遗失;损耗,亏损;失败;
adj.部分的;偏爱的;偏袒的;钟爱的;
n.[数学]偏微商;
(1) The patient recognized one of the women as the apparition she had seen.
(2) ...these apparitions of the Virgin.
(3) Vanish in dark, the empty apparition!
apparition
[ˌæpəˈrɪʃn]
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n.梯子,阶梯;梯状物;途径;(紧身裤袜或长筒袜的)滑丝;
vi.使(袜子)发生抽丝现象;像长筒袜一样抽丝;
vt.& vi.叫喊,大声叫;叫喊着说;
n.叫喊,大声叫;(拉拉队鼓动运动员的)呼喊声;
n.特异景象;幽灵;鬼;(特异景象等的)出现;
n.暂时的停顿;犹豫;(诗中)节奏的停顿;[乐]延长号;
vi.暂停,中止;逗留,停滞;(按暂停键)暂停放音;犹豫;
(1) They ghosted up the smooth waters of the river.
(2) My car finally gave up the ghost.
(3) Do you believe in ghosts (= believe that they exist) ?
ghost
[ɡəust]
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adj.过剩的;多余的;
n.剩余额;公积金;顺差;盈余;
n.鬼,幽灵;(尤指可怕事物的)记忆;隐约的一点点;(电视屏幕上的)重影;
vt.悄悄地行进;
vi.替人代笔;
n.错误,过失,误解;差错,口误,笔误;失策,失误;
vt.& vi.弄错,误解;
vt.认不出;误会;看错;
vi.弄错;误解;
n.猫头鹰;惯于晚上活动的人;夜猫子;(像猫头鹰一样)机警的人;
(1) The farmer lassoed the cow.
(2) The farmer is shearing his sheep.
(3) The farmer milks the cows twice a day.
farmer
[ˈfɑ:mə(r)]
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n.农场主,农民;承包人;
n.缺点,缺陷;过错,责任;[电]故障;(猎狗的)失去嗅迹;
vt.挑剔,找…的缺点;批评;做错,在…中出错;[地质学]产生断层;
vi.找错误,挑剔;[地质学]变动从而产生断层;
vt.& vi.(使)下决心,(使)做出决定;
vt.决定,确定;判定,判决;使决定;限定;
vi.[主用于法律]了结,终止,结束;
vi.商议,商量;[医]会诊;咨询;充当顾问;
vt.请教;翻阅;求教于;顾及;
(1) Buckingham palace
(2) the royal/presidential palace
(3) The palace last night refused to comment on the reports.
palace
[ˈpæləs]
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n.离婚;分离;
vt.与…离婚;分离;
vt.& vi.与(某人)离婚,判(某人)离婚;
n.生而为人;人格,人品,个性;人物;名人;
n.失望,扫兴;令人失望的行为(人);
n.宫,宫殿;(主教)邸宅,宏伟大厦;华丽的娱乐场所;
(1) I could only feel pity for what they were enduring.
(2) a look/feeling/surge of pity
(3) I took pity on her and lent her the money.
pity
[ˈpɪti]
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n.强制,实施,执行;
vt.& vi.阻止,扼止;填塞;使窒息;哽咽;
n.窒息,哽咽;拥塞;(车辆发动机的)阻风门;
n.怜悯;同情;可惜的事;憾事;
vt.对…表示怜悯;对…感到同情;
vt.鼓舞;激励;赋予灵感;启迪;
vi.吸,吸入;
(1) More females than males are employed in the factory.
(2) Two of the candidates must be female.
(3) a female cat
female
[ˈfi:meɪl]
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adj.女性的;雌性的;能结果实的;电气设备阴的;
n.女人;雌性动物;雌性植物,雌株;
n.光纤;(织物的)质地;纤维,纤维物质;
n.胡须;[虫]口鬃,[动]颌毛;(牡蛎等的)鳃;[植]芒;
vt.使有胡须(颌毛,芒刺);抓(捋)住…的胡子,拔…的胡子;公然反对,勇敢地对抗;
adj.凶猛的,残忍的;猛烈的;狂热的;
(1) His later years were devoted largely to charitable work .
(2) Let's be charitable and assume she just made a mistake.
(3) Try to think about him a little more charitably.
charitable
[ˈtʃærətəbl]
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adj.仁慈的,慈善的;宽恕的,宽厚的;慷慨的;
vi.哀痛;服丧;咕哝;
vt.表示深深的遗憾;哀悼;悲哀地说;
n.屠夫,屠户;屠杀者,刽子手;残酷的人;肉铺;
vt.屠宰;屠杀;弄砸,弄糟;把…处死刑;
n.侨民;侨居地;聚居地;聚居人群;
(1) a work of outstanding artistic merit
(2) The plan is entirely without merit.
(3) I want to get the job on merit .
merit
[ˈmerɪt]
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n.例子,实例;情况;要求,建议;[法]诉讼手续;
vt.举…为例;
vt.教,讲授;教导,指导;通知;命令;
vt.拥有;掌握,懂得;主宰;缠住,迷住;
n.价值,优点;[宗教](行善得到的)功德;功绩,功勋;荣誉;
vt.值得,应获得;[宗教](因行善而)应得(善报);
vi.值得,应得;[宗教]积德;
(1) Doctors think he will go blind .
(2) blind and partially sighted people
(3) One of her parents is blind.
blind
[blaɪnd]
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adj.失明的;盲目的,轻率的;供盲人用的;隐蔽的;
vt.弄瞎,使失明;蒙蔽,欺瞒;使变暗;使昏聩;
n.掩饰;借口;百叶窗;
adv.盲目地;看不见地;
adj.有礼貌的;有教养的,文雅的;上流社会的;应酬的,客套的;
n.誓言;郑重宣布;
vt.& vi.起誓,发誓;郑重宣告;
vt.& vi.(使)振动[颤动];摆动;犹豫;激动;
(1) of inferior quality
(2) inferior goods
(3) to make sb feel inferior
inferior
[ɪnˈfɪəriə(r)]
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adj.热心的;热情的;热烈的;狂热的;
adj.(质量等)低劣的;下级的,下等的;(位置在)下面的;[植]下位的;
n.部下,下属;次品;晚辈;[印]下角码;
vt.& vi.抓住;逮捕;捉拿;俘获;
vt.夺取;占领;起获;没收;
vt.& vi.皱眉;不同意;蹙额;
n.皱眉,蹙额;
(1) (a) fear of the dark/spiders/flying, etc.
(2) Her eyes showed no fear.
(3) The child was shaking with fear .
fear
[fiə]
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n.害怕;可能性;(对神等的)敬畏;忧虑;
vt.畏惧;害怕;为…忧虑(或担心、焦虑);敬畏(神等);
vi.害怕;忧虑;感到害怕;惧怕;
n.皇帝,君主;
n.盖子;限制;[口]果盖;[口]遮盖;
vt.给…盖盖子;
vt.& vi.原谅; 饶恕; 对不起;请原谅 ;
vt.免除;
(1) a sharp knife
(2) sharp teeth
(3) a sharp drop in prices
sharp
[ʃɑ:p]
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adj.失明的;盲目的,轻率的;供盲人用的;隐蔽的;
vt.弄瞎,使失明;蒙蔽,欺瞒;使变暗;使昏聩;
n.掩饰;借口;百叶窗;
adv.盲目地;看不见地;
vi.抱怨,诉苦;申诉,控诉,抗议;
vt.诉说,申诉,控告[后面常跟从句];
adj.敏锐的;锋利的;狡猾的,聪明的;尖锐的;
adv.猛烈地;尖锐地;尖利地;偏高地;
n.升半音;尖头;骗子;内行,专家;
vt.[音乐]把(音调)升高(半音);
vi.[音乐]升音演奏(或演唱);
vt.发明,创造;虚构;
(1) After her mother's death, she became acutely aware of her own mortality.
(2) the infant mortality rate (= the number of babies that die at or just after birth)
(3) mortality from lung cancer is still increasing.
mortality
[mɔ:ˈtæləti]
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n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运;
n.未婚女人,老处女;
n.产量;输出;作品;[计]输出信号;
vt.输出;
n.企(事)业单位;事业,计划;事业心,进取心;
(1) Our house is worth about £100 000.
(2) How much is this painting worth?
(3) to be worth a bomb/packet/fortune (= a lot of money)
worth
[wə:θ]
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n.区别;荣誉;特质;卓越;
adj.值得的;有…的价值;等值的;有…的财产;
n.财富,财产;价值;
vi.出席;致力于,献身于;侍候,照顾;关注;
vt.出席,参加;[常用被动语态](作为结果、情况)伴随;照顾;陪伴;
n.财产,财富;富豪(阶级);丰富,大量;繁荣;
(1) Life in a small town could be deadly dull.
(2) The first half of the game was pretty dull.
(3) There's never a dull moment when John's around.
dull
[dʌl]
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adj.古怪的;奇数的;剩余的;临时的;
n.奇特的事物;怪人;[高尔夫球]多于对方的一次击球;
adj.钝的;迟钝的;呆滞的;阴暗的;
v.缓和;减轻;使阴暗;
vi.发生;出现;闪现;
vt.选举;挑出,挑选;决定;
vi.选择,挑选;进行选举;
adj.精选的,选出的;选中的,当选而尚未就职的;
n.被选的人;
(1) You'll have the opportunity to ask any questions at the end.
(2) There was no opportunity for further discussion.
(3) At least give him the opportunity of explaining what happened.
opportunity
[ˌɒpəˈtju:nəti]
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n.机会;适当的时机良机;有利的环境,条件;
vt.表现,象征;代表,代理;扮演;作为示范;
vi.代表;提出异议;
adj.有效率的;(直接)生效的;能干的;(因省钱、省时或省力等而)收效大的;
vi.拍摄;射击;发芽;
vt.(用枪等)打猎;拍摄;给…注射;射门,投篮;
n.幼苗,嫩芽;发射;摄影;狩猎;
int.感叹词(用于表示惊奇,并不强烈的愤怒或失望);
(1) a male bird
(2) All the attackers were male, aged between 25 and 30.
(3) a male nurse/model/colleague
male
[meɪl]
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adj.男性的;雄性的;有力的;[植]雄性的,仅有雄蕊的;
n.男;雄性动物;[植]雄性植物;马累[马律];
adj.小心的,谨慎的;兢;恮;持重;
vt.营救,救援,使免遭损失;[法律] 非法劫回;
n.营救,救援;营救[救援]行动;
n.耐心,耐性;忍耐;单人纸牌游戏;
(1) I think this band is going to be huge.
(2) This is going to be a huge problem for us.
(3) The party was a huge success.
huge
[hju:dʒ]
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adj.美丽的;别致的;生动的;奇特的,独创的;
adj.巨大的;庞大的;极大的;
v.使结合;使化合;兼有;用联合收割机收割;n.联合;联合收割机;联合集团;组合艺术品(由画,拼贴和构成派雕塑等拼凑而成的艺术品);
n.脚;底部;英尺(=12 英寸或 30。48 厘米);脚步;
vt.走,踏;
vt.& vi.结算,总计,共计;
(1) a colleague of mine from the office
(2) We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years.
(3) the Prime Minister and his Cabinet colleagues
colleague
[ˈkɒli:g]
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vt.& vi.关闭,把…关在门外,排斥,关进,围进,关上(箱子等),闭上(嘴等),封闭,封锁,停止开放[营业],叠拢,合拢(伞,小刀等),挟住,挟进;使暗,隐藏;关闭,塞住,(店铺等)关门;
adj.关闭的;围绕的;声音低沉的;
n.关闭,闭锁,终止,完结;焊接缝;[语]闭锁音;[机]冷塞;
n.政治家;
vt.令人厌烦;钻孔;用钻、挖或掘的方式打通;
vi.挖洞;钻孔;稳步前进;挤过去;
n.使人讨厌的人[物];高潮;膛径,口径;钻子;
n.同事;同僚;同行;
(1) peasant farmers
(2) ...the peasants in the Peruvian highlands...
(3) Chinese peasants farm their own plots.
peasant
[ˈpeznt]
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n.画廊,走廊;(教堂,议院等的)边座;旁听席;大批观众;
vi.脸红,惭愧;变红;害臊,怕羞;
n.脸红,红色;<古>一见,一瞥;
vi.变少,减少;贬低,轻视,看不起;
vt.减少(某事物),缩小;
n.农民;农夫;佃农;粗俗的人;
(1) The concert will raise money for local charities.
(2) Most of the runners in the London Marathon are raising money for charity .
(3) Do you give much to charity?
charity
[ˈtʃærəti]
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n.慈善(行为);施舍,捐助;慈善机关;仁爱,宽容;
n.基金;储备;现款;特别基金管理机构;
vt.积存;为…提供资金;提供资金偿付(债款等)的本息;把(短期借款)转为有固定利息的长期借款;
adj.仁慈的,宽恕的,温和的,(情形)良好的,顺利的,(处罚)宽大的;
n.居民,住户;(栖息在某地区的)动物;
(1) We are all mortal.
(2) a mortal blow/wound
(3) to be in mortal danger
mortal
[ˈmɔ:təl]
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vi.爬行,匍匐;缓慢地行进;
n.爬行,蠕动;虫爬着似的感觉,毛骨悚然;卑鄙小人,谄媚者;
n.抱负;渴望得到的东西;追求的目标;夙愿;
vt.追求;有…野心;
n.兽群;牧群;放牧人;<蔑>群众,民众;
vt.& vi.群集,纠结;
vt.放牧;(使)向…移动;使成群;
adj.致命的;不共戴天的;终有一死的;极度的;
n.凡人,人类;
(1) The hospital is recognized as a centre of excellence in research and teaching.
(2) a reputation for academic excellence
(3) ...a school once noted for its academic excellence.
excellence
[ˈeksələns]
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vt.& vi.购买,购得;
n.交易,买卖;便宜货;
vt.够支付;买通;收买;贿赂;
vt.形成,造成;产生物理反应;产生(后代);引起;
n.优秀,卓越;优点;美德;
vt.& vi.尖叫;引人注意;发出一种类似尖叫的声音;
n.尖叫声;尖锐的声音:一种能使人联想起这种尖叫的声音;
(1) It was no hardship to walk home on such a lovely evening.
(2) economic/financial, etc. hardship
(3) People suffered many hardships during that long winter.
hardship
[ˈhɑ:dʃɪp]
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vt.安慰,慰问;
n.控制台,操纵台;演奏台;悬臂;肘托;
adj.极端的,过激的;极限的,非常的;末端的;(政治上)急进的;
n.极端;困境;[数]极限值;[常用复数]在两末端的事物;
vt.饲养;养育;抚养;养育;
vt.& vi.抬起;
n.后部,背面,背后;臀部;(舰队或军队的)后方,后尾,殿后部队;〈英口〉厕所;
vi.直立;高耸;
adj.后面的,后部的;
n.艰难;困苦;艰难情况;造成困苦与苦难的原因;
(1) I don't want to become a burden to my children when I'm old.
(2) They have burdened themselves with a high mortgage.
(3) I don't want to burden you with my worries.
burden
[ˈbə:dən]
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n.负担,包袱;责任,义务;载货量;(诗歌,发言等的)重点;
vt.使烦恼,劳累;向(车,船等)上装货;
adj.神秘的,诡秘的;难以理解的,不可思议的;魔;玄妙;
n.成功,成就;好成绩,好结果;成功的人(或物);
n.频繁性;[数][物]频率,次数;频率分布;
(1) Entertains the most high hope. for the greatest endeavor. makes the worst plan.
(2) But make no mistake: This cannot solely be America's endeavor.
(3) Please give me enough time make every effort and allow of my endeavor and its result.
endeavor
[enˈdevə]
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n.皮,皮革;皮革制品;
vt.用皮革包盖;(口)(用皮带等)抽打;制成皮,蒙上皮;
adj.皮的,皮革的,皮革制的;
n.详述;(照片、绘画等的)细部;细目,琐碎;各种细节;
vt.详述,仔细汇报;选派;清晰地说明;给于细部装饰;
vt.& vi.尝试,试图;尽力,竭力;
n.努力,尽力;
n.装饰;装饰物;[乐]装饰音;
v.装饰;美化;
(1) the discharge of debts/obligations
(2) nasal/vaginal discharge (= from the nose/vagina )
(3) thunder and lightning caused by electrical discharges
discharge
[dɪsˈtʃɑ:dʒ]
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n.人;(语法)人称;身体;容貌;
n.信誉,信用;[金融]贷款;荣誉;学分;
vt.相信,信任;归功于;[会]记入贷方;赞颂;
vt.下(客);卸船;免除(自己的义务、负担等);执行;
vt.& vi.放出;流出;开枪;发射;
n.(气体、液体如水从管子里)流出;排放出的物体;
vi.(船、飞机等)卸货;(颜料、墨水或染料等)化开;卸掉负担(或负载);下客;
vt.把…带错路;把…引入歧途;
(1) You can all come? excellent!
(2) (informal)It was absolutely excellent.
(3) She speaks excellent French.
excellent
[ˈeksələnt]
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adj.好问的,好奇的;爱打听的;
n.好询问的人;爱打听别人事情的人;
vt.& vi.(使某物)旋转;使转动;使轮流,轮换;交替;
adj.[植]辐状的;有辐射部分的;
adj.卓越的;杰出的;优秀的;高超;
adj.有规律的;规则,整齐的;不变的;合格的;
n.正规军;主力(或正式)队员;常客;
adv.定期地;经常地;
(1) I'm afraid this essay is a poor effort.
(2) the United Nations' peacekeeping effort
(3) The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.
effort
[ˈefət]
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n.绝望;使人绝望的人(或事物);
vi.绝望;
v信任;料想;笃信宗教;
vt.相信;以为,认为;对…信以为真;信任;
vt.& vi.打,打击;碰撞;
vt.击(球);(在精神上)打击(某人);猜中;迎合;
n.打,打击;碰撞;(演出等)成功;批评,讽刺;
vi.(风暴、疾病等)袭击;抨击;(偶然)碰上;(突然)想到(与 on, upon 连用);
n.努力,尝试;工作;成就;杰作;
(1) a blunt knife
(2) This pencil's blunt !
(3) The police said he had been hit with a blunt instrument .
blunt
[blʌnt]
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adj.钝的,不锋利的;迟钝的;直率的;呆板的;
vt.使迟钝;使钝;
n.钝的东西;小雪茄烟;
n.葬,掩埋;葬礼;
n.费用;花费的钱;消耗;花钱的东西;
vt.向…收取费用;把…作为开支勾销;
n.宴会,盛宴;筵席;宴请,款待;
vt.宴请,设宴招待;饮宴,参加宴会;
vi.参加宴会;
(1) He punched me with his fist.
(2) She clenched her fists to stop herself trembling.
(3) He got into a fist fight in the bar.
fist
[fɪst]
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n.部分;零件;作用;角色;
vt.使分裂;拆移;使分开;
vi.分开;分离;分岔;
adv.不完全地,部分地;
adj.不完全的,部分的;
vi.逃脱;(气体,液体等)漏出;(未受伤或只受了一点伤害而)逃脱;声音(不自觉地)由…发出;
vt.& vi.逃避,避开;
n.逃走;逃跑工具或方法;野生种;泄漏;
vt.被忘掉,被忽视;
n.拳,拳头;〈口〉笔迹;掌握;[印]指标参见号;
vt.紧握;握成拳;用拳打;
n.方式;状况;时尚,风尚;调式;
(1) Fax machines were a wonderful invention at the time.
(2) Such changes have not been seen since the invention of the printing press.
(3) This story is apparently a complete invention.
invention
[ɪnˈvenʃn]
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n.<生>细胞;小牢房;电池;<诗>墓穴;
vi.住在牢房或小室中;
vt.囚禁;
n.发明;发明物;捏造:内心捏造的东西,特指谎言;发明才能;
vt.接来(某人);使发出;吸引;售得(若干价钱);
vi.抵达,到达;取来;卖得(好价钱);
n.拿取,拿来;诡计;风浪区;
n.大树枝;
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