(1) the area where the market was anciently held (= in ancient times) (2) an ancient oak tree (3) ancient monuments
ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt] 📢 UK📢 US
adj. 古代的; 古老的 n. 古人
n. 客人; 旅客; 特邀嘉宾; [动]寄生虫 v. 做特邀嘉宾; 做客串; 做特约演员
独立，独自
而不是
(1) Most domestic freezers operate at below –18˚C. (2) Solar panels can only operate in sunlight. (3) (figurative)Some people can only operate well under pressure.
operate [ˈɒpəreɪt] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 话题
照顾; 照料; 料理; 打理
v. 经营; 工作; 运转; 操作; 动手术; 作战
adj. 主要的 n. 主管道; 水源; （水等）供应系统
(1) a baby's development in the womb (2) the development of basic skills such as literacy and numeracy (3) career development
development [dɪˈveləpmənt] 📢 UK📢 US
v. （有…）重; 称重量; 权衡，斟酌; 使烦恼/忧虑; 对…有影响; 起（锚）
n. 提供，供应（量）; 储备; 补给品 v. 供应，提供; 补充，填充
v. （作出）反应; 过敏; 起化学反应
n. 发展; 成长; 研制; 开发; 发展阶段; 新进展; 新建住宅区
(1) We work every day except Sunday. (2) They all came except Matt. (3) I had nothing on except for my socks.
except [ɪkˈsept] 📢 UK📢 US
在…的底部
n. 记录，记载; 唱片; （体育运动或活动的）纪录; 履历; 案底 v. 记录；记载; 录制; 标明，显示 adj. 创纪录的
进展; 与…和睦相处
prep. 除了…之外 conj. 除了 v. 不包括
(1) The visiting professor was cocktailed, partied and dined. (2) Once upon a time in a faraway land there lived a princess in a big castle. (3) Instead of working hard at her lessons, Mary spends her time building a castle in the air.
castle [ˈkɑːsl] 📢 UK📢 US
v. 培植 n. 文化; 文明; 种植; 养殖; 培育培养物
n. 城堡; 堡垒; （国际象棋中的）车
v. 导致，引起 n. 原因; 理由; 事业; 诉讼案
v. 雇用，临时雇佣; 租用 n. 租赁; 新雇员
(1) Now we'll be able to live in luxury for the rest of our lives. (2) to lead a life of luxury (3) a luxury hotel
luxury [ˈlʌkʃəri] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 奢侈，豪华; 奢侈品，美食，美衣; 乐趣，享受; 不常有的乐趣（或享受、优势）
和…取得联系; 接触; 接头
v. 理解，意识到; 获得; 实现; 发生; 变卖
转乘; 使有关系; 与…连接; 用电话同…相联系
(1) We will go even if it rains. (2) even if It'should rain tomorrow, we will continue our work. (3) I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail ten times.
even if [ˈiːvn ɪf] 📢 UK📢 US
adj. 大约的; 近似的; 粗略的 v. 近似于; 近似计算
v. 组织; 安排; 规划; 建立组织
赚；获利；赚钱
即使，纵然; 虽然; 即若; 哪怕
(1) He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to defend him. (2) (politics 政)He intends to defend his seat in the next election. (3) She will be defending her title at next month's championships.
defend [dɪˈfend] 📢 UK📢 US
v. 营救，救助 n. 营救（行动）
达成，设法
n. <鱼>金枪鱼（科），鲔鱼; 金枪鱼罐头; <植>金枪仙人掌
v. 防御; 保卫; 防守; 替…辩护; 辩解; 卫冕; 参加…以保住…
(1) announcements of births, marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers. (2) announcement of the verdict was accompanied by shouts and cheers. (3) to make an announcement
(1) The child is developing normally. (2) The place has rapidly developed from a small fishing community into a thriving tourist resort. (3) She developed the company from nothing.
(1) a honeymoon in a secret location (2) What is the exact location of the ship? (3) A mountain in the Rockies became the location for a film about Everest.
location [ləʊˈkeɪʃn] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 地点，位置; （电影的）外景拍摄地; 定位
n. 自由; 放肆的行为
adv. 确实; 实际上; 究竟
幸亏；由于
(1) The city is best explored on foot. (2) They explored the land to the south of the Murray river. (3) As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to explore.
explore [ɪkˈsplɔː(r)] 📢 UK📢 US
adj. 成熟的; 口味浓郁的; 难闻的; 时机成熟的
没必要去…
v. 在…探险; 探讨; 勘探; 摸索
n. 意图，计划; 情势需要; 重要意义; 意志
(1) renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar power (2) a renewable lease (3) The work permit is not renewable.
renewable [rɪˈnjuːəbl] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 真空; 空白; 空虚; 清洁 v. 用真空吸尘器清扫
平安地，安静地
adj. 奇怪的，不寻常的; 诡异的
adj. 可继续的，可续订的; 可更新的; 可再生的; 可翻新的 n. 可再生资源
(1) I didn't give Reid all the details yet — I'll fill him in... (2) He filled her in on Wilbur Kantor's visit. (3) Vice-presidents' wives would fill in for first ladies.
fill [fɪl] 📢 UK📢 US
adv. 极端地; 非常，很; 去; 绝
n. 部分; 部件; 章节; 阶层; 部门; 地区; 平方英里; 断面图; 切开; 切片 v. 切开; 做切片; 把…切成片; 强制入院治疗
n. 情景喜剧
v. 装满; 占满; 使遍及; 充满; 满足; 担任; 消磨时间; 使吃饱; 供货 n. 足够…的量; 喝足的量
(1) We are doing our best with the limited resources available. (2) This offer is for a limited period only. (3) They may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across...
(1) adventure stories (2) a sense/spirit of adventure (3) her adventures travelling in Africa
adventure [ədˈventʃə(r)] 📢 UK📢 US
v. 使开心; 给…提供娱乐
公开地，当众; 大庭广众; 桌面儿上
adj. 正确的，精确的; 精准的
n. 冒险; 奇遇; 冒险精神 v. 去某地探险
(1) More females than males are employed in the factory. (2) Two of the candidates must be female. (3) a female cat
female [ˈfiːmeɪl] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 质量; 特性; 素质; 优质 adj. 优质的; 棒极了; 内容严肃的（报纸）
adj. 女性的; 雌性的; 阴的 n. 女性; 雌性生物
n. 会议; 开庭; 一段时间; 学年 adj. 伴奏的
adv. 现今
(1) in the future the machines will need spare parts and maintenance. (2) He believes food prices will go up in the future. (3) I made a silent vow to be more careful in the future.
in the future [in ðə ˈfju:tʃə] 📢 UK📢 US
[医]鼻漏; 流鼻涕
今后，将来; 日后
n. 教育; 培养; 教育学; 教育机构
n. 独木舟，皮划艇 v. 划/乘独木舟
(1) a cosy little room (2) a cosy feeling (3) I felt warm and cosy sitting by the fire.
cosy [ˈkəʊzi] 📢 UK📢 US
adj. （感到）温暖舒适的; 愉快的，亲切的; 轻易得到的 n. （茶壶）保暖罩
摆脱，除去
n. 努力; 吃力; 有组织的行动; 费力的事
n. 胡须，胡子
(1) a local farmer (2) A local man was accused of the murder. (3) Our children go to the local school.
local [ˈləʊkl] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 香子兰，香草; 香子兰荚; 香子兰精，香草精 adj. 香草的; 香草味的; 相对没有新意的，普通的
adj. 竞争的; 有竞争力的
adj. 本地的，地方的; 局部的 n. 本地人; （常去的）邻近小酒馆; （工会）地方分会; （沿线每站都停的）公共汽车，火车
n. 战役; 争论，斗争; 奋斗 v. 奋斗，作战
(1) This technology is bang up to date (= completely modern) . (2) up-to-date clothes (3) up-to-date equipment
up to date [ˌʌp tə ˈdeɪt] 📢 UK📢 US
拥有（或包含）最新信息的; 最新式的; 现代化的; 至今; 到目前为止
n. 讨论; 论述
adj. 机密的，保密的; 悄悄的
n. 避难所; 庇护所; 圣所; 庇护
(1) a male bird (2) All the attackers were male, aged between 25 and 30. (3) a male nurse/model/colleague
male [meɪl] 📢 UK📢 US
adj. 男性的; 雄性的; 有力的; [植]雄性的，仅有雄蕊的 n. 男; 雄性动物; [植]雄性植物; 马累[马律]
n. 统治; 控制（力）; 克制; 管理; 限制; 控制按钮; 检查站/人员; 对照标准 v. 指挥; 控制; 限定; 限制; 阻止蔓延; 抑制
视情况而定
尽最大努力; 肆力
(1) He has run out of food; his children are hungry. (2) A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition. (3) The performing group began well, but seemed to run out of steam halfway through the year.
run out of [rʌn aʊt ɒv] 📢 UK📢 US
v. 停顿; 暂停放音 n. 停顿; 延长记号; 暂停键
adj. 极有吸引力的; 迷人的
发迹；出人头地
v. 用完; 耗尽; 从…跑出
(1) Speech is the fastest method of communication between people. (2) All channels of communication need to be kept open. (3) Doctors do not always have good communication skills .
communication [kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 想象（力）; 幻想物; 创造力
v. 激励; 启发; 赋予灵感; 唤起(感情); 吸入（空气）
n. 表达，交际; 通信（系统）; 消息
n. 观众; 听众; 读者; 接见; 会见
(1) ‘Couldn't you have just said no? ’ ‘Well, hardly, (= of course not) she's my wife's sister. ’ (2) You can hardly expect her to do it for free. (3) It's hardly the time to discuss it now.
hardly [ˈhɑːdli] 📢 UK📢 US
adv. 几乎不; 几乎没有; 很难; 刚刚; 并不
n. 组织（工作）; 安排，编排; 条理
把…同…联系起来 connect something in thought or meaning
adj. 严重的; 令人担忧的; 重要的; 严肃的; 认真的; 庄重的; 大量的
(1) Headaches may be a sign of stress. (2) There is no sign of John anywhere. (3) Call the police at the first sign of trouble.
sign [saɪn] 📢 UK📢 US
<口>以后; 嗣后; 他日
n. 迹象; 招牌; 手势; 符号 v. 签字; 和…签约; 打手势
到…年龄
adv. 最后，终于
(1) the greatest scientific achievement of the decade (2) It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player. (3) They were proud of their children's achievements.
achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt] 📢 UK📢 US
adj. 内疚的; 有罪的
即使，纵然; 虽然; 哪怕; 即若
n. 完成，实现; 成就，功绩
除此之外，另外
(1) He had finally achieved success. (2) They could not achieve their target of less than 3% inflation. (3) I haven't achieved very much today.
achieve [əˈtʃiːv] 📢 UK📢 US
v. 击败; 使困惑; 使失败; 否决; 难倒; 失利 n. 失败; 战败; 击败
等等; 诸如此类; 什么的; 依此类推
v. 实现，达到; 完成; 成功
adj. 许多
(1) Functions : lower the blood pressure and blood fat, prevent from cardiovascular diseases. (2) Put on rain boot when washing floor, to prevent from slipping down. (3) To move in a and stable condition and prevent from damage by laborer.
prevent from [prɪˈvent frəm] 📢 UK📢 US
依靠
阻止， 防止
n. 住处，办公处; 住宿; 调解; （楼房或交通工具内的）空间，座位
n. 象征，代表; 标志; 符号，记号
(1) They decorated the room with flowers and balloons. (2) The cake was decorated to look like a car. (3) I hate decorating.
decorate [ˈdekəreɪt] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 塑料; 塑料学; 信用卡 adj. 塑料的; 不自然的; 可塑的; 做作的
v. 装饰; 装潢; 粉刷; 糊墙纸; 装点; 美化; 授予勋章
adj. 独立的; 公正的; 无关联的; 自立的; 私立的; 无党派的 n. 无党派议员
adj. 稀少的，罕见的; 珍贵的; 半熟的; 极好的
(1) There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. (2) The team performed to the limit of its capabilities. (3) She knew the limits of her power.
limit [ˈlɪmɪt] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 短文; 论说文; 论文; 企图 v. 企图
v. 预期; 盼望; 料想; 指望; 怀孕
n. 极限; 限制; 界限; 范围 v. 限制; 限量; 使限于
vt.& vi. （使）移动; 搅拌; （使）行动; （使）微动 vt. 使打起精神; 使奋起; 叫醒; 唤起 vi. 苏醒; 奋起; 传播; 发生 n. 搅动; 骚乱; 激动; 微动
(1) The problem won't just disappear. (2) Our countryside is disappearing at an alarming rate. (3) I can never find a pen in this house. They disappear as soon as I buy them.
disappear [ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)] 📢 UK📢 US
n. （混合物的）组成部分（ ingredient的名词复数 ）; （烹调的）原料; （构成）要素; 因素
n. 证明，证书; 文凭 v. 发结业证书
与…在接触中
v. 消失; 失踪; 灭绝
(1) Such delegation frees managers to focus on more important issues. (2) Puritan women expected to submit to their husbands and to focus on homemaking as their career. (3) Who knows! I can focus on anything right now. Thanks to you!
focus on [ˈfəʊkəs ɒn] 📢 UK📢 US
集中；特别关注
adv. 相当; 有点儿; 更确切地说; 反而 int. 当然！的确！
n. 液体 adj. 液体的; 易变为现金的; 清澈的; 清脆的
v. 表现; 举止得体; 作出反应
(1) They haven't formally announced their engagement yet. (2) The government yesterday announced to the media plans to create a million new jobs. (3) (figurative)A ring at the doorbell announced Jack's arrival.
announce [əˈnaʊns] 📢 UK📢 US
利用；欺骗；占…的便宜
就地，当地
参与；卷入；与...有关联
v. 宣布; 宣称; 通知; 宣布某人到达; 播音
(1) Her mother lived in a nearby town. (2) There were complaints from nearby residents. (3) They live nearby.
nearby [ˌnɪəˈbaɪ] 📢 UK📢 US
adj. 附近的 adv. 在附近
adv. 因此
v. 保留; 预订; 拥有 n. 储备; 预备队员; 保护区; 寡言; 谨慎; 后备军; 底价
对你有好处
(1) She was in a relaxed, confident mood. (2) The teacher wants the children to feel confident about asking questions when they don't understand. (3) I'm confident that you will get the job.
confident [ˈkɒnfɪdənt] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 登记本; 音域; 语域; 调风口 v. 登记; 给…注册; 显示; 表示; 流露; 引起注意; 把…挂号邮寄
发生，举行; 来
adj. 坚信的; 自信的; 肯定的
n. 理由; 论据; 讨论，辩论; 异议; 争论 n. [计]参数，更多的表示实参，在部分翻译中被叫做引数
(1) His new book will be appearing in the spring. (2) It was too late to prevent the story from appearing in the national newspapers. (3) He has appeared in over 60 movies.
appear [əˈpɪə(r)] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 野生生物
v. 假定，设想; (根据所知)认为，推断; （婉转表达）我看，要不
v. 应得; 值得
v. 看来，好像; 出现; 出演; 起源，首次使用; 出版，广播; 演出; 抵达; 出庭
(1) our main/major competitor (2) Over 200 competitors entered the race. (3) Herbert Blocker of Germany, one of the oldest competitors, won the individual silver medal.
competitor [kəmˈpetɪtə(r)] 📢 UK📢 US
n. 竞争者; 选手
adj. 先前的; 以前的; 过早的; （时间上）稍前的 adv. 在先；在…以前
adv. 不管如何; 哪怕
n. 伤害，损伤
(1) Our house is worth about £100 000. (2) How much is this painting worth? (3) to be worth a bomb/packet/fortune (= a lot of money)
worth [wɜːθ] 📢 UK📢 US
adj. 价值，值…钱; 值得; 拥有…价值的财产 n. 价值，意义，作用
v. 创造; 创建; 引起; 产生; 授予
情不自禁
n. 亲戚; 同类事物 adj. 相对的; 比较的; 相比之下存在; 关于; 指代前面句子（的一部分）
(1) Her words impressed themselves on my memory. (2) He impressed on us the need for immediate action. (3) It impressed me that she remembered my name.