(1) the process of refining oil/sugar
(2) Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities.
(3) Surgical techniques are constantly being refined.

(1) a lump of coal/cheese/wood
(2) This sauce has lumps in it.
(3) One lump or two?

(1) It's a tragedy that she died so young.
(2) tragedy struck the family when their son was hit by a car and killed.
(3) The whole affair ended in tragedy .

(1) an egg donor
(2) They were left with egg on their faces when only ten people showed up.
(3) He hit the other boy again and again as his friends egged him on.

(1) Can we deduce from your silence that you do not approve?
(2) We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy.
(3) Alison had cleverly deduced that I was the author of the letter.

(1) a tube of glue
(2) He sticks to her like glue (= never leaves her) .
(3) She glued the label onto the box.

(1) farther north/south
(2) farther along the road
(3) I can't go any farther .

(1) (especially British English)‘You should really have asked me first. ’ ‘Right, okay, fair comment . ’
(2) To be fair , she behaved better than we expected.
(3) It seems only fair that they should give us something in return.

(1) a bicycle shed
(2) (British English)a garden shed
(3) an engine shed

(1) Clearance of the site required the removal of a number of trees.
(2) the removal of a tumour
(3) stain removal

(1) to live in the bosom of your family
(2) her ample bosom
(3) She pressed him to her bosom.

(1) She recently graduated from being a dancer to having a small role in a movie.
(2) The college graduated 50 students last year.
(3) Martha graduated from high school two years ago.

(1) your native land/country/city
(2) It is a long time since he has visited his native Chile.
(3) Her native language is Korean.

(1) good/poor/sound judgement
(2) She showed a lack of judgement when she gave Mark the job.
(3) It's not something I can give you rules for; you'll have to use your judgement.

(1) Indicate whether the following statements are true or false .
(2) Is it true she's leaving?
(3) All the rumours turned out to be true.

(1) the history of mankind
(2) an invention for the good of all mankind
(3) ...the evolution of mankind.

(1) Mike cut himself shaving.
(2) The nurse washed and shaved him.
(3) a shaved head

(1) Our plan succeeded.
(2) He succeeded in getting a place at art school.
(3) I tried to discuss it with her but only succeeded in making her angry (= I failed and did the opposite of what I intended) .

(1) She's expecting twins.
(2) Oxford is twinned with Bonn in Germany.
(3) The opera twins the themes of love and death.

(1) multiple copies of documents
(2) a multiple entry visa
(3) to suffer multiple injuries (= in many different places in the body)

(1) The strikes have idled nearly 4 000 workers.
(2) She left the car idling at the roadside.
(3) They idled along by the river (= walked slowly and with no particular purpose) .

(1) It'seems to me a most marvelous book.
(2) The marvelous acting compensated for the play's weak script.
(3) Lin Hong : Look at this page. All these marvelous gadgets for a bath!

(1) We are recruiting a sales manager with responsibility for the European market.
(2) They have responsibility for ensuring that the rules are enforced.
(3) It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced.

(1) a drug that disposes the patient towards sleep
(2) the difficulties of disposing of nuclear waste
(3) to dispose of stolen property

(1) The body has natural defence mechanisms to protect it from disease.
(2) Humour is a more effective defence than violence.
(3) (British English)the Ministry of defence

(1) I have accommodated the press a great deal, giving numerous interviews.
(2) I needed to accommodate to the new schedule.
(3) The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.

(1) The game will be staged in the gymnasium.
(2) Are there any gymnasium and swimming pool?
(3) Our school has a big gymnasium.

(1) Our hotel was on the hillside overlooking the lake.
(2) The crops will not grow on exposed hillsides.
(3) The hotel was perched precariously on a steep hillside.

(1) The various elements of the novel fail to cohere.
(2) The scriptwriter helped him to adapt his novel for the screen.
(3) This adaptation perfectly captures the spirit of Kurt Vonnegut's novel.

(1) operational activities/costs/difficulties
(2) The new airport is now fully operational .
(3) operational headquarters

(1) The child is developing normally.
(2) The place has rapidly developed from a small fishing community into a thriving tourist resort.
(3) She developed the company from nothing.

(1) A talented artist, he was, moreover, a writer of some note.
(2) She saw that there was indeed a man immediately behind her. moreover, he was observing her strangely...
(3) The young find everything so simple. The young, moreover, see it as their duty to be happy and do their best to be so.

(1) This was their fourth successive win.
(2) successive governments have tried to tackle the problem.
(3) This concept has been applied successively to painting, architecture and sculpture.

(1) Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease.
(2) Patients should be made aware of the risks involved with this treatment.
(3) There is still a risk that the whole deal will fall through.

(1) This is a matter of the utmost importance.
(2) You should study this document with the utmost care.
(3) Our resources are strained to the utmost.

(1) I'm off now. See you tomorrow.
(2) She's leaving tomorrow.
(3) (especially British English)They arrive a week tomorrow/tomorrow week (= after a week, starting from tomorrow) .

(1) a honeymoon in a secret location
(2) What is the exact location of the ship?
(3) A mountain in the Rockies became the location for a film about Everest.

(1) rural areas
(2) a rural economy
(3) rural America

(1) to draw/sheathe a sword (= to take it out/put it into its cover)
(2) ...a candidate who's crossed swords with Labor by supporting the free-trade pact...
(3) The fiercest of rivals, the last time they crossed swords was during the 1980s.

(1) Society does not know how to deal with hardened criminals (= people who regularly commit crimes and are not sorry for what they do) .
(2) (especially North American English)a career criminal
(3) This is a criminal waste of resources.