背单词v3

(1) the pungent smell of burning rubber
(2) pungent criticism
(3) The more herbs you use, the more pungent the sauce will be.

pungent
[ˈpʌndʒənt]
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adj.辛辣的；刺激性的；苦痛的；尖刻的；

毕竟；究竟；归根结底；（解释或说明理由）别忘了；

n.口香糖；树胶；黏胶；牙龈；
vt.& vi.胶合；涂以树胶；使…有粘性；

vt.& vi.跟随，接着；
vt.继承；（按时间、顺序等）接着；从事；采用；
vi.理解；发生兴趣；由此产生；跟着人（或物）去（或来）；
n.追随，跟随；[台球]推球，跟球打法（使竿击的球在击中目的球后继续滚动的打法）；

(1) The Prime Minister is now 64 years old and in all probability this will be the last election that he is likely to contest...
(2) You will find a wide variety of choices available in school cafeterias...
(3) The show will be open to the public at 2pm; admission will be 50p...

will
[wɪl]
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adj.创造性的，有创造力的；有创意的，创新的，创造的；
n.（非正式）创意人士；

n.愿意；意志（力）；[法]遗嘱；
vt.决心要；将（财产等）遗赠某人；用意志力驱使（某事发生）；
vi.愿意，希望，想要；
aux.将，将会；会，要；

adj.感兴趣的；拥有权益的；有成见的；
v.使…感兴趣(interest的过去分词)；

conj.唯恐；以免；惟恐；生怕；

(1) She could not recall his name.
(2) If I recall correctly, he lives in Luton.
(3) I can't recall meeting her before.

recall
[rɪˈkɔ:l]
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vt.叫回，召回；使想起，回想；取消；调回工厂；
n.召回，唤回；记忆力，回想；罢免；收回通告；

vt.证明，证实；[法]验证，检定；显示；
vi.显示出，证明是；

n.速度；快速；昌盛；（汽车的）变速器，排挡；
vt.& vi.急行，加速；
vi.超速；加速；迅速前行；兴隆；
vt.加快…的速度；使成功，使繁荣；

n.发明；发明物；捏造：内心捏造的东西，特指谎言；发明才能；

(1) She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.
(2) My dream is to retire to a villa in France.
(3) He has no plans to retire as editor of the magazine.

retire
[rɪˈtaɪə(r)]
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adj.以前的，从前的；在前的；前任的；
n.模型，样板；构成者，创造者；起形成作用的人；[无线]线圈架；

vi.退休；撤退；后退，退却；
vt.退休，退隐；使撤退；收回；
n.退休；退隐；退兵信号；

n.<美>邻居，邻国；
adj.邻近的，邻接的；
vi.友好；毗邻而居；
vt.邻接；

adv.立即，马上；直接地；紧接地；
conj.一…就，即刻；

(1) a retired doctor
(2) Dad is retired now.
(3) ...a seventy-three-year-old retired teacher from Florida.

retired
[rɪˈtaɪəd]
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adj.未受到挑战的；不成问题的；未引起争论的；无异议的；

vi.跳，弹跳；限制；接壤；
vt.给…划界，限制；使弹回，使跳跃；束缚；
n.界限，限制；跃起；（球等的）反跳；
adj.用带子绑住的；有义务的；装订的，有封面的；[化，物]结合的；

adj.退休的，退职的，退役的；偏远的，幽静的；与世隔绝的；
n.退休；
v.退职，退役，（使）退休( retire的过去式)；

n.学期；条款；术语；期限；
vt.把…称为；把…叫做；

(1) ‘How many do you need? ’ ‘A lot. ’
(2) Have some more cake. There's lots left.
(3) She still has an awful lot (= a very large amount) to learn.

lot
[lɔt]
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义牙，假牙；

adj.欠考虑的；轻率的；自私的，不体贴人的；没有思想的；

n.份额；许多；命运；阄；
adv.（与形容词和副词连用）很，非常；（与动词连用）非常；
pron.大量，许多；
vt.分组，把…划分（常与out连用）；把（土地）划分成块；
vi.抽签，拈阄；

vt.& vi.付款；偿还；补偿；（对…）有利；
vt.给予；支付；
n.工资；薪水；报答；
adj.收费的；需付费的；

(1) The artist combines different techniques in the same painting.
(2) marketing techniques
(3) Her technique has improved a lot over the past season.

technique
[tekˈni:k]
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adv.性别上地；按性别地；性欲地；两性之间地；

n.仪器；手段，工具；乐器；法律文件；
vt.用仪器装备；为演奏谱曲；向…提交文书；

n.<美>公用厕所，盥洗室，卫生间；

n.技巧，技术，手段；技能；手法；

(1) a field mouse
(2) a house mouse
(3) The stores were overrun with rats and mice.

mouse
[maʊs]
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adj.（学校教育或培训）正规的；方式上的；礼仪上的；
n.<美>须穿礼服的社交集会；<口>夜礼服；

vi.闪耀，闪烁；活跃，焕发活力和才智；
n.光亮；活力；

n.老鼠；鼠标；羞怯[胆小]的人；[非正式用语] 眼部青肿；
vi.捕鼠；窥探，偷偷地寻找；

n.圆，环；循环，周期；圆状物；圈子，党派；
vt.圈出，包围；绕…运转；
vi.环绕，盘旋；

(1) We received a letter from him recently.
(2) Until recently they were living in York.
(3) I haven't seen them recently (= it is some time since I saw them) .

recently
[ˈri:sntli]
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n.伤痕；精神上的创伤；有损外观的地方；砏岩，露岩，断崖，峭壁；
vt.使留下伤痕；使留下长久性伤害的痕迹；
vi.结疤；留下疤痕；

adj.非常激动人心的；惊人的；惊险的；使人透不过气来的；

adj.每年的；一年的；[植物]一年生的；
n.年刊；一年生植物；

adv.最近，近来；不久以前；近日；新近；

(1) capital and labour
(2) Use block capitals (= separate capital letters) .
(3) Please write in capitals/in capital letters .

capital
[ˈkæpɪtl]
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<主美>填写（表格等）；充实；长胖；（通常指因充气）鼓起[膨胀]；

n.红发的人；红头啄木鸟；

n.气象员，天气预报员；

n.首都；资本；资源；大写字母；
adj.极好的；最重要的；资本的；首都的；

(1) They realized that he had gone mad .
(2) Inventors are not mad scientists.
(3) I'll go mad if I have to wait much longer.

mad
[mæd]
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n.照片，画像；图画，图片；影片；情景；
vt.构想，想象；描绘，画；描述；

adj.秃头的；单调的，枯燥的；光秃的；赤裸裸的，毫无掩饰的；

n.管，管状物；电子管；地铁；电视机；
vt.把…装管；把…弄成管状；用管输送；
vi.乘地铁；不及格；

adj.疯狂的；猛烈的；着迷的；〔口语〕愤怒的，生气的；
vt.使疯狂；

(1) He treated them with generosity and thoughtfulness.
(2) ...a man of great generosity of spirit.
(3) There are stories about his generosity, the massive amounts of money he gave to charities.

generosity
[ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti]
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v.尽力，耐心；操心；着意；

n.慷慨，大方；宽容或慷慨的行为；丰富；

adj.疯狂的；猛烈的；着迷的；〔口语〕愤怒的，生气的；
vt.使疯狂；

组成；补足；弥补；编造；

(1) She sat upright in bed.
(2) He managed to pull himself upright.
(3) an upright posture

upright
[ˈʌpraɪt]
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（在该段时间内）一直；向来，一向；时时刻刻；每时每刻；

n.树桩；铅笔头，烟蒂；票根，存根；
vt.使（脚趾）碰到某物；捻灭（香烟，雪茄等）；连根拔出；

adj.直立的；垂直的；正直的；诚实的；
adv.垂直[竖立]地；
n.（支撑用的）直柱，立放构件；

n.挑战；盘问；质疑；怀疑；
vt.质疑；向…挑战；
vi.提出挑战，要求竞赛（或竞争）；驳斥；

(1) The car skidded and overturned.
(2) He stood up quickly, overturning his chair.
(3) to overturn a decision/conviction/verdict

overturn
[ˌəuvəˈtə:n]
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屏住气；屏息习气；屏息；敛声屏气；

adj.临时的，暂时的；短暂的；
n.临时工，临时雇员；

vt.& vi.推，推动；
vt.推动，增加；对…施加压力，逼迫；按；说服；
n.推，决心；大规模攻势；矢志的追求；
vi.推进；增加；努力争取；

vt.& vi.（使）翻倒；
vt.使垮台，推翻；撤销（判决等）；
n.推翻，垮台；瓦解；灭亡，毁灭；

(1) cancer research
(2) Violence is a cancer in our society.
(3) to become cancerous

cancer
[ˈkænsə(r)]
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n.上诉；[体育]诉请；呼吁；（迫切的）要求（帮助、同情等）恳求；
vi.（迫切）要求；有吸引力；求助（于）；提请注意；
vt.将…移交上级法院审理；

n.存在，实在，继续存在；生存，生活，生活方式（方式）；实体，存在物，生物；

预定，预期，计划做；

n.癌症，恶性肿瘤；弊病，社会恶习；迅速蔓延的恶劣的或危险的事物；[天]巨蟹座，巨蟹宫；

(1) What's the meaning of this word?
(2) Words often have several meanings.
(3) ‘Honesty ’? He doesn't know the meaning of the word !

meaning
[ˈmi:nɪŋ]
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vt.& vi.使转动；旋转；使改变方向；使不适；
vt.使变酸；使变换；使变为；
n.翻转；（路线或方向的）改变；机会；

adj.普通的，平常的，正常的；规定的，照常的，平凡的，拙劣的；平庸的，平淡的；[法]直辖的；
n.普通，平常的人（或事）；常例；[商]（英）普通股；法官，宗教法官；

对…大声喊；呼叱；叱喝；叱；

n.意思，意义；含义；意图；
adj.有意思的；意味深长的；
vt.意味(mean的现在分词)；意思是；

(1) The answer to that question may not be known for days.
(2) While London could be known for its creative talent, what It'still lacks is commercial clout.
(3) The rugged, reliable olive - drab vehicle would forever be known for helping win a world war.

be known for
[bi: nəʊn fɔ:]
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n.泰国；[地名] [亚细亚洲] 泰国；

v.因…而众所周知；

n.文本，原文；课文，教科书；主题；版本；
v.发短信；

n.香水；香料；香味，香气；
vt.使…充满香气；喷香水于…；

(1) Shortly after my arrival at the school, I was befriended by an older girl.
(2) The film's about an elderly woman and a young nurse who befriends her...
(3) On the aeroplane I was befriended by a delightful German woman.

befriend
[bɪˈfrend]
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adj.疲倦的；困倦的；对…不耐烦的；陈旧的；
v.（使）疲劳（ tire的过去式和过去分词）；对（做）某事感到厌倦；

n.提神，精神恢复；提神物；点心，茶点；

vt.用拖把拖；擦拭；
vi.用拖把拖；擦拭；搭拉着脸；
n.拖把；蓬松的头发；鬼脸；

vt.以朋友的方式对待；帮助；照顾；

(1) a distant grumble of thunder
(2) My main grumble is about the lack of privacy.
(3) Thunder grumbled in the distance.

grumble
[ˈgrʌmbl]
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相当多（不可数）；

adj.装有空气调节设备的；用空气调节器调节空气的；
v.给…装上空调，用空调调节（空气）( air-condition的过去式和过去分词 )；

vi.抱怨；发牢骚；嘟囔；（雷等）隆隆响；
vt.喃喃地说出；
n.抱怨；牢骚；咕哝；（雷等的）隆隆声；

到处；历；周遍；浑身；

(1) If I had known my life was going to turn out like this, I would have let them kill me...
(2) Sometimes things don't turn out the way we think they're going to...
(3) It's turned out nice again.

turn out
[tə:n aut]
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n.驴，毛驴；笨蛋，傻瓜；（美国）民主党的象征；

n.同事；同僚；同行；

adj.令人作呕的；令人厌恶的；；不堪入目；

制造；关灯；结果是；出席（某项活动）；

(1) His friend was killed and he knows he is lucky to be alive.
(2) She was lucky enough to be chosen for the team.
(3) You were lucky (that) you spotted the danger in time.

lucky
[ˈlʌki]
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adj.运气好的，侥幸的；兆头好的，吉祥的；〈俚〉难得；很恰当的；

屏住呼吸；倒吸一口气；<非正>休息一下；歇一口气；

n.[地名][大洋洲]澳大利亚，澳洲；澳元；

换句话说；就是说；

(1) He did die a pauper and is buried in an unmarked grave.
(2) Legend has it that the fairy princess fell in love with a pauper.
(3) I've beena puppet a pauper a pirate, a poet a pawn a king.

pauper
[ˈpɔ:pə(r)]
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vt.表达；快递；
adj.明确的；迅速的；专门的；
n.快车；快车；专使；捷运公司；
adv.乘快车；用快递方式；

n.穷人；贫民；贫穷；

n.经济学；经济，国家的经济状况；

(1) He was very unlucky not to win.
(2) By some unlucky chance, her name was left off the list.
(3) Some people think it's unlucky to walk under a ladder.

unlucky
[ʌnˈlʌki]
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adj.无聊的，无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的，乏味的；
n.钻孔；钻屑；
v.令人厌烦(bore的现在分词)；

adj.不幸运的，倒霉的；不吉祥的；不顺利的；不凑巧的；

n.地位；情形，状态；身份；

adj.（食物）要使人发胖的；
v.喂肥( fatten的现在分词 )；养肥（牲畜）；使（钱）增多；使（公司）升值；

(1) odor is accompanied by a of activities that the law shall be followed.
(2) Chloral is a colorless, volatile liquid with a very penetrating odor and boiling at 97.7℃.
(3) An unspeakable odor came sweeping into the room.

odor
['əʊdə]
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n.戏剧，剧本；戏剧效果；戏剧文学[艺术]；戏剧性事件[场面]；

n.气味，名声；

n.治疗，疗法，疗效；心理治疗；治疗力；

(1) Sugar is an important crop on the island.
(2) crop rotation/production/yield
(3) The crops are regularly sprayed with pesticides.

crop
[krɔp]
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n.农作物；产量；庄稼；平头；
vt.种植；收割；修剪；剪短；
vi.收成；收获；

n.靠道座位；靠走廊坐位；

n.价值，价格；意义，涵义；重要性；（邮票的）面值；
vt.评价；重视，看重；估价，给…定价；

突出；坚持；超群；向前跨步；

(1) It's very easy to get frustrated in this job.
(2) They felt frustrated at the lack of progress.
(3) He stamped his foot in frustrated rage.

frustrated
[frʌˈstreɪtɪd]
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adj.有资格的，胜任的，适当的，合格的；过检定的，得到许可的；有限制的，有条件的；（俚）十足的，无比的；
vt.描述，形容；使合适；授权予；有权，达标；
vi.合格，成为合格；取得…的资格；

adj.日常的，逐日的；过一天算一天的；经常；

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的；
v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧；

n.呼吸；一口气；呼吸力；微量；

(1) She has beaten her opponent in all of their previous encounters.
(2) It was his first sexual encounter (= first experience of sex).
(3) I've had a number of close encounters (= situations that could have been dangerous) with bad drivers.

encounter
[ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)]
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adv.暂时；小；

vt.不期而遇；遭遇；对抗；
n.相遇，碰见；遭遇战；对决，冲突；
vi.碰见，尤指不期而遇；

vt.使发展；使进化；设计，制订出；发出，散发；
vi.发展；[生]通过进化进程发展或发生；

n.盘；餐具；一盘食物；外貌有吸引力的人；
vt.盛于碟盘中；分发；使某人的希望破灭；说（某人）的闲话；
vi.成碟状；

(1) I worked stocking shelves in a grocery store.
(2) He was employed at the local grocery store as a delivery boy.
(3) It is difficult for a small grocery store to compete with a supermarket.

grocery store
[ˈgrəʊsəri: stɔ:]
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adj.沉思的；体贴的；缜密思考过的，深思熟虑的；

醒来；活跃起来；引起注意；（使）认识到；

对…感到惊讶；对…感到害怕；

小卖部；

(1) They agreed to draw up a formal agreement...
(2) He wants his ministers to concentrate on implementing policy, not on drawing it up.
(3) He drew up a chair and sat down.

draw up
[drɔ: ʌp]
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为…所熟知；名字被记录在案；

n.澳大利亚人；
adj.澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人的；

折叠；草拟；（使）停下；排好队伍；

vt.& vi.预示（某事）；恐吓；危及；预示凶兆；
vi.似将发生；威胁；

(1) Most of us do our food shopping in the supermarket...
(2) How do those prawns find their way from Norway to the supermarket shelf?
(3) The supermarket offers a rich supply of different commodities.

supermarket
[ˈsju:pəˌmɑ:kit]
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n.泡，水泡；冒泡，起泡；泡影，妄想；（欲表达的）一点感情；
vt.& vi.起泡，使冒气泡；
vi.使冒泡，发出冒泡的声音；洋溢着（某种感情）；滔滔不绝地讲；兴奋，欢闹；

adj.反战的，反对战争的；

adj.平常的；平均的；典型的；（价值、比率等的）平均数的；
n.平均水平；（速度等的）平均率；平均估价；
vt.[数学] 计算…的平均值；调和，拉平；分摊；按比例（或平均）分配（利润等）；
vi.平均：作为或达到一个中间值；维持（有利的）平均价格；

n.超级市场；自动售货商店；

(1) [只用于名词前]the grocery bill
(2) Products in the grocery are sold at reasonable price.
(3) There hangs straight on the wall of this grocery a service pledge.

grocery
[ˈgrəʊsəri]
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n.公路；公用通道；干线；途径，方法；

n.胡说，废话；荒谬的念头；愚蠢的行为；胡闹；
adj.无意义的；荒谬的；
int.荒唐；

n.食品杂货店；食品杂货业；

vt.拿住，握住；保留，保存；扣留，拘押；容纳；
vi.拿住，握住；同意，赞成；保持不变；有效；
n.握住；保留；控制；

(1) He let his preference be known to the press.
(2) 'Not even by the dearest one ever to be known to you?'
(3) They had decided that they didn't want my whereabouts to be known to the world.

be known to
[bi: nəʊn tu:]
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为…所熟知；名字被记录在案；

adj.肥的；胖的；油腻的；丰满的；
n.脂肪；肥肉；（食用的）动植物油；（人体摄入的动植物）脂肪；
vt.养肥；在…中加入脂肪；
vi.长肥；

n.口袋，钱袋；金钱，财富；容器；凹处；
vt.隐藏；放进口袋；私吞，盗用；忍受；
adj.放在口袋里的；小的，迷你的；金钱上的；

n.呆瓜；
v.弄糟；混；打发时间；出大错；

(1) the Town clerk
(2) the clerk of the Court
(3) The clerk at the counter gave me too little change.

clerk
[klɑ:k]
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vi.抱怨；发牢骚；嘟囔；（雷等）隆隆响；
vt.喃喃地说出；
n.抱怨；牢骚；咕哝；（雷等的）隆隆声；

n.店员；办事员，职员；书记员；<古>牧师，教士；
vi.当职员；当销售员；

n.方法；条理；

(1) She had her eggs harvested and frozen for her own future use.
(2) (figurative)The appeal produced a rich harvest of blankets, medicines and clothing.
(3) a good/bad harvest (= a lot of crops or few crops)

harvest
[ˈhɑ:vɪst]
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n.收割；收获季节；收成；结果；
vt.& vi.收割，收成；
vt.收到；收割（庄稼），捕猎（动物、鱼）；

vt.& vi.使（船或车）翻；倾覆；

亚马孙河；亚马逊河；

当心；保持警觉；

(1) I came across a group of children playing.
(2) We like to identify and celebrate women's success whenever we come across it.
(3) When sober he can come across as an extremely pleasant and charming young man...

come across
[kʌm əˈkrɔs]
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vt.& vi.处理，处置；安排；
vt.排列；布置；使倾向于，使有意于；

偶遇；偶然发现；使产生…印象；

n.有利条件；益处；优越（性）；处于支配地位；
vt.有利于；有益于；促进；使处于有利地位；
vi.得益，获利；

n.诱惑，引诱；诱惑物；

(1) He who plots evil will be known as a schemer.
(2) Emerging markets used to be known as the markets you couldn't emerge from in an emergency.
(3) He prefers to be known as Cesc rather than Francesc.

be known as
[bi: nəʊn æz]
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v.被认为是；号称；叫做；

adj.漂亮的；娇小可爱的；机灵的，精明的；矫揉造作的；

n.摔跤选手；扭斗者，搏斗者；

信赖；信仰；

(1) Where's my knitting?
(2) She had been sitting with her knitting at her fourth-floor window.
(3) Take up a relaxing hobby, such as knitting.

knitting
[ˈnɪtɪŋ]
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n.编结物；接合，联合；[外科]骨愈合；
v.（使）愈合( knit的现在分词)；编结，编织；（使）紧密地结合；织平针；

vi.发出隆隆声；快速发展；暴涨；
vt.以低沉而有回响的声音发出；使繁荣；使迅速发展；
n.隆隆声；繁荣；激增；

adv.出差；因公；

na.根据，按照；据…所说；如；比照；

(1) to treat people with respect/consideration/suspicion, etc.
(2) treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years.
(3) My parents still treat me like a child.

treat
[tri:t]
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n.眼镜；双筒望远镜；玻璃( glass的名词复数 )；玻璃杯；玻璃器皿；眼镜；

n.款待；招待；乐事；乐趣；
vt.处理；探讨；对待；请（客）；
vt.& vi.请客，款待；
vi.论述；探讨（与of连用）；交涉；商议；

n.感觉，知觉，情绪；感情；气氛；
adj.富有感情的，有感觉的；有同情心的，仁慈的；
v.感觉；认为(feel的现在分词)；

vt.& vi.粘贴；张贴；插入；刺入；
vt.容忍；产生作用；（尤指迅速或随手）放置；阻延或推迟；
n.棍棒，棍枝；枝条；操纵杆；球棍；

(1) She drew away and did not smile...
(2) When we drew level, he neither slowed down nor accelerated.
(3) He drew his chair nearer the fire...

draw
[drɔ:]
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adj.依靠的；依赖的；取决于…的；有瘾的；
n.受抚养人；受赡养者；依赖他人者；扈从，侍从；

n.规则，规定；统治，支配；章程；
vt.& vi.控制，支配；判定；裁定，裁决；价格稳定；
vt.统治；规定；管理；裁决；
vi.统治；管辖；裁定；

vt.& vi.绘画；拖，拉；招致；吸引；
vt.画；拉；吸引；
vi.移动；拔出剑；皱缩；汲取；
n.平局；抽奖；

n.按钮，电钮；纽扣，扣子；扣状物；[植]芽；
vt.用纽扣扣紧；用纽扣装饰，钉钮扣于；在…上装钮扣；
vi.扣住；装有钮扣；扣上钮扣；

(1) He squandered all his money on gambling.
(2) Hooker didn't squander his money on flashy cars or other vices...
(3) He had squandered his chances to win.

squander
[ˈskwɒndə(r)]
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v.挥霍，浪费；驱散，使散开；浪荡，漂泊；
n.挥霍，浪费；

adj.每日的，日常的；一日的；每日一次的；每个工作日的；
n.日报；（不寄宿的）仆人，白天做家务的女佣；
adv.每日；逐日；每周日；日复一日地；

vt.& vi.比较，对照；
vt.比拟，喻为；[语]构成；
vi.相比，匹敌；比较，区别；比拟（常与to连用）；
n.比较；

n.奇迹，圣迹，神迹；令人惊奇的人（或事）；