基础词汇 :
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(1) a notorious criminal
(2) The country is notorious for its appalling prison conditions.
(3) The bar has become notorious as a meeting-place for drug dealers.
notorious[nəʊˈtɔ:riəs]
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adj.臭名昭著的;臭名远扬的;声名狼藉的;恶名昭著;
adj.直率的;直接的;
adv.立刻;直率地;
n.直路;
vt.形成,造成;产生物理反应;产生(后代);引起;
vt.供给;补充;弥补(缺陷、损失等);向…提供(物资等);
n.供给物;储备物质;粮食;
vi.暂代他人职务;
(1) matters of public/private morality
(2) Standards of morality seem to be dropping.
(3) a debate on the morality of abortion
morality[məˈræləti]
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vt.原谅;为…申辩;免除,宽免;给…免去;
n.借口,托辞;道歉,歉意;辩解;请假条;
vi.作为借口;请示宽恕;表示宽恕;
n.单词,歌词,台词;(说的)话;诺言;命令;
vt.措辞,用词;用言语表达;
vi.讲话;
n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;
adj.紧急的,应急的;
n.道德;道德准则;品德高尚的行为;道德观;
(1) a general who was infamous for his brutality
(2) the most infamous concentration camp
(3) (humorous)the infamous British sandwich
infamous[ˈɪnfəməs]
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n.选举,当选;选举权;[神]神的选择;
n.小心,谨慎;劝告,警告;〈英〉担保;〈口〉须警惕的事或人;
vt.警告;劝告;
adj.比较(上)的;按比较估计的;相当的,还可以的;
n.[语](形容词或副词的)比较级形式;可匹敌者,可比拟物;
adj.声名狼藉的;无耻的,伤风败俗的;[法](因犯重罪)被剥夺公权的;很差的,低劣的;
(1) We only communicate by email.
(2) They communicated in sign language.
(3) Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other.
communicate[kəˈmju:nɪkeɪt]
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n.灵魂;精神;幽灵;人;
adj.美国黑人文化的;
n.总经理;行政部门;[计算机]执行指令;
adj.执行的;管理的;政府部门的;
vt.传达,表达;显示:清晰地揭示;表明;传染:扩散;
vi.通讯;交际;相连;相通;
n.马甲;背心;
(1) an operation on her lung to remove a tumour
(2) Will I need to have an operation ?
(3) He underwent a three-hour heart operation.
operation[ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn]
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n.黄昏,傍晚;幽暗;
adj.微暗的;变暗的;〈诗〉同dusky;
v.变暗;使变暗;
n.操作,经营;手术;[数]运算;作用;
adj.粗鲁的;简陋的;狂暴的;近乎下流的;
n.木工,木匠;
v.当木匠;做木工活;
(1) a dark room/street/forest
(2) What time does it get dark in summer?
(3) It was dark outside and I couldn't see much.
dark[dɑ:k]
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adj.黑暗的,深色的;模糊的;无知的;忧郁的;
n.黑暗;夜;黄昏;模糊;
n.天空;气氛;空运;(简单易记的)曲调;
vt.& vi.晾晒;烘干;播送;广播;
vt.使房间通风, 透气;
adj.美丽的;别致的;生动的;奇特的,独创的;
vt.识别,认出;确定;使参与;把…看成一样;
vi.确定;认同;
(1) Without doubt he runs the most gracefully among them.
(2) Though the Indian labor pool is large, it is also primarily unskilled.
(3) You need to rest from your labor; you look very tired.
labor[ˈleibə]
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adj.温柔的;温暖的;轻微的;(味道)不浓的;
n.淡味麦芽啤酒;
n.城堡,堡垒;象棋中的车;
vt.把…置于城堡中;(下国际象棋时)用车护(王);
n.劳动;努力;工作;劳工;
v.努力争取(for);苦干;详细分析;
adj.劳工的,工会的;(常大写)(英国或英联邦国家)工党的;
vi.(指引擎)缓慢而困难地运转;
n.倾向;爱好;斜坡;
(1) They bundled her into the back of a car.
(2) He was bundled off to boarding school.
(3) We bundled out onto the street.
bundle[ˈbʌndl]
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adj.重大的,重要的;严重的;[音乐]沉重的;(颜色等)朴素的;
adv.沉重地,庄重地;极慢地;
n.坟墓,墓穴;埋葬…的地方;下场;死亡;
vt.雕刻;铭记;
vi.猛冲;赶紧离开;
vt.猛撞;匆忙完成;泼溅;使…破灭;
n.少量,些许;猛冲;破折号;短跑;
adj.直接的;直的;直系的;率直的;
adv.直接地;径直地;直截了当地;正好;
vt.(用建议、指示、有益的情报等)指导;导演(戏剧或电影);指示方向;把…对准(某方向或某人);
vt.& vi.指导,导演,管理;
vi.引路;当向导;领唱;领奏;
n.捆;一批(同类事物或出售的货品);一大笔钱;风趣的人;
vt.& vi.收集,归拢,把…塞入;
vt.额外免费提供(设备等),(尤指出售计算机时)赠送软件;
vi.匆匆送走;推搡;赶;(成群地)匆忙赶往;
(1) Your account of events does not correspond with hers.
(2) Your account and hers do not correspond.
(3) The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to (= is different from) what was actually said.
correspond[ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd]
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vi.符合,一致;相应;通信;
n.蜡烛;烛光;蜡烛状物;
vt.对光检查;
n.衣服;装饰;连衣裙;礼服;
vt.& vi.给…穿衣;穿着;打扮;
adj.连衣裙的;须穿礼服的;适合于正式场合的;办公时(或半正式场合)穿戴的;
vt.给…穿衣;给…提供衣服;装潢,装饰或装点;排成列;
vi.穿衣;排列整齐;
n.比较,对照;[语]比喻;比较级;
(1) They brought the children to Jesus and he blessed them.
(2) God bless you!
(3) The priest blessed the bread and wine.
bless[bles]
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vi.宣布参加竞选;当播音员;
vt.宣布;述说;声称;预告;
vt.祝福;保佑;赞美;为…祈福;
adj.钝的;迟钝的;呆滞的;阴暗的;
v.缓和;减轻;使阴暗;
adj.共同的,联合的;共享的;两院的;连带的,共同的;
n.[解]关节;接合处;下流场所;一块烤肉(英式英语);
vt.结合,联合;为…装上接头,使…有接缝;
(1) He yelled at the other driver.
(2) They yelled with excitement.
(3) She yelled out in pain.
yell[jel]
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vt.强迫,迫使;强制发生,使不得不;
n.天;天堂;上帝;极乐;
vt.& vi.叫喊,大声叫;叫喊着说;
n.叫喊,大声叫;(拉拉队鼓动运动员的)呼喊声;
vt.忽视,忽略;瞭望;检查;远眺;
n.从高处眺望到的景色;忽视,忽略;可眺望四周的高地;
(1) a laborious task/process
(2) Checking all the information will be slow and laborious.
(3) Keeping the garden tidy all year round can be a laborious task.
laborious[ləˈbɔ:riəs]
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adj.极大的,巨大的;浩瀚的,无边际的;〈口〉非常好的;弘道;
n.精明,精确的判断;卓识;
vi.存在;生存;生活;继续存在;
adj.费力的;勤劳的;辛苦的;
(1) a moral issue/dilemma/question
(2) traditional moral values
(3) a decline in moral standards
moral[ˈmɒrəl]
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n.好感;宠爱;关切;欢心;
vt.支持;赞成;照顾;促成;
[美国英语]= favour;
n.运河,沟渠;管道;气管;食道;
vt.建运河;疏导;
adj.道德的,道义上的;精神上的;无疑的,当然的;教导道德的;
n.寓意,教训;(尤指男女间的)品行;格言;〈古〉相对者;
n.强制,实施,执行;
(1) to deny a claim/a charge/an accusation
(2) The spokesman refused either to confirm or deny the reports.
(3) There's no denying (the fact) that quicker action could have saved them.
deny[dɪˈnaɪ]
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vt.拒绝;拒绝承认;拒绝…占有;否认知情;
vt.传达,表达;显示:清晰地揭示;表明;传染:扩散;
vi.通讯;交际;相连;相通;
vt.营救,救援,使免遭损失;[法律] 非法劫回;
n.营救,救援;营救[救援]行动;
n.同事;同僚;同行;
(1) Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.
(2) All channels of communication need to be kept open.
(3) Doctors do not always have good communication skills .
communication[kəˌmju:nɪˈkeɪʃn]
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n.,蠢笨蠢笨;愚行;讽刺剧;
n.失望,扫兴;令人失望的行为(人);
n.通讯,通信;交流;书信;传达;
adj.联邦(制)的;同盟的;
n.联邦主义者;同盟盟友;
(1) Most domestic freezers operate at below –18˚C.
(2) Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.
(3) (figurative)Some people can only operate well under pressure.
operate[ˈɒpəreɪt]
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vt.& vi.运转;操作;经营;管理;
vi.开刀;(对…)动手术;动手术;(在某地)采取军事行动;
vt.操作,控制,使运行;
n.安慰;舒适;使人舒服的事物;给予援助或安慰的人或事;
vt.安慰,使舒适;使(痛苦等)缓和;
n.扫帚;金雀花;[无线]自动搜索干扰振荡器;
vt.扫除;用扫帚扫;
vi.桩顶开花或开裂;
n.错误,过失;[法]误审,违法;[数]误差;
(1) I asked him if he would help me and he nodded.
(2) Her head nodded in agreement.
(3) He nodded his head sympathetically.
nod[nɔd]
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n.命运,宿命;灾难,死亡;命中注定的事(尤指坏事);
v.注定;
vi.点头;打瞌睡;上下摆动;变得粗心大意;
vt.点头示意;使弯曲,使屈服;点头答应;
n.点头;点头同意;打瞌睡,打盹;粗心大意;
adj.消极的,否认的;[数]负的;[心]反抗性的;无预期结果的;
n.否定词语;否定的观点;消极性;[摄]底片;
vt.否定;拒绝;
n.装置,设备;方法;策略;手段;
(1) They listened to the howl of the wind through the trees.
(2) The suggestion was greeted with howls of laughter .
(3) to let out a howl of anguish
howl[haʊl]
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vt.哀号,吼叫;
vi.嚎叫,咆哮;哀嚎;<俚>开心地狂笑;<俚>狂欢;
n.嗥叫;嚎哭;<俚>及其可笑的事物;
n.火焰;热情,激情;〈俚〉爱人,情人;激动;
vi.燃烧,发出火焰;面红;闪光;
vt.烧;激起,激怒;
vt.& vi.关闭,把…关在门外,排斥,关进,围进,关上(箱子等),闭上(嘴等),封闭,封锁,停止开放[营业],叠拢,合拢(伞,小刀等),挟住,挟进;使暗,隐藏;关闭,塞住,(店铺等)关门;
adj.关闭的;围绕的;声音低沉的;
n.关闭,闭锁,终止,完结;焊接缝;[语]闭锁音;[机]冷塞;
vt.& vi.(使某人)窒息而死;(将某人)闷死;阻碍;
vi.呼吸困难,窒息;受扼制;受阻(发展不了);
(1) Can I introduce my wife?
(2) He introduced me to a Greek girl at the party.
(3) We've already been introduced.
introduce[ˌɪntrəˈdju:s]
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vt.压下,压低;使沮丧;使萧条;使跌价;
vt.喂养;满足(欲望等);向…提供;供…作食物;
vi.吃,以…为食;流入,注入,进入(如油流入机器);[电子学]馈入;
n.饲料(尤指粗饲料),施肥;喂送;草料;(尤指向地方性电视台)馈送电视节目;
vt.提出;介绍;引进;作为…的开头;
vi.爆[突]发,发怒;激增,迅速扩大;
vt.(使)爆炸;突然(发出巨响,活跃起来,迸发感情);推翻;驳倒;
(1) He had a genius for making people feel at home.
(2) the genius of Shakespeare
(3) a statesman of genius
genius[ˈdʒi:niəs]
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n.誓言;郑重宣布;
vt.& vi.起誓,发誓;郑重宣告;
n.天才;天赋;天才人物;(特别的)才能;
adj.粗糙的,崎岖不平的;粗鲁的;狂暴的,汹涌的;未经加工的;
vt.粗暴地对待;使粗糙;草拟;
n.粗糙的部分;艰难,苦难;(高尔夫球场的)深草区;
adv.粗暴地;
vi.举止粗野;
adj.可以吃的,可食用的;
n.食物;
(1) Stop shouting and listen!
(2) I shouted for help but nobody came.
(3) She shouted at him to shut the gate.
shout[ʃaʊt]
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vt.& vi.呼喊,叫喊;高声说或发出喊叫声;
n.大叫;大叫着说;呐喊;
n.围巾,领巾;嵌接;桌巾,台巾;(木材,金属,皮革的)嵌接;
v.围(围巾);打(领带);披(披巾);用围巾[台布]围[盖];
n.运动;活动;动作,举动;乐章;
adj.功能的;[数]函数的;有多种用途的;机能性;
(1) His flight to Amsterdam connects with an afternoon flight to New York.
(2) I was surprised to hear them mentioned together: I had never connected them before.
(3) There was nothing to connect him with the crime.
connect[kəˈnekt]
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n.配对物;副本;相对物;极相似的人或物;
vt.连接,联结;使…有联系;为…接通电话;插入插座;
vi.连接;建立关系;[体]成功击中;
adj.运气好的,侥幸的;兆头好的,吉祥的;〈俚〉难得;很恰当的;
vi.渐变;渐渐变为(与into连用);渐渐消逝(与away连用);取得资格(与as连用);
vt.授予学位或毕业证书;从…接受学位;分成等级;标以刻度;
n.<美>毕业生;<英>大学毕业生;(已经取得学士学位正在攻读高级学位的)研究生;量筒;
adj.<美>毕业了的,研究生的;有(学士)学位的;
(1) The program can show us word frequency (= how often words occur in a language) .
(2) the alarming frequency of computer errors
(3) Objects like this turn up at sales with surprising frequency.
frequency[ˈfri:kwənsi]
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adv.稍微;有点;达到某种程度;
n.少量;某些数量;某种程度;
n.频繁性;[数][物]频率,次数;频率分布;
vt.避开,避免,预防;[法]使无效,撤销,废止;
n.数字;算术;图解;轮廓;
vi.计算;出现;扮演角色;
vt.计算在内;估计;推测;认为;
(1) introductory chapters/paragraphs/remarks
(2) introductory courses/lectures
(3) a special introductory price of just $10
introductory[ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri]
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vt.& vi.连接;联结;加入;参加;
vt.结合;参与;上(火车、飞机等);上(路);
n.连接;结合;接合处;接合点;
adj.引导的,介绍的,导言的;开端的;序;
n.行政官员;公务员;[体]裁判;高级职员;
adj.官方的,法定的;公职的,公务的;官气十足;正式的;
n.鞭挞,鞭子;责骂;讽刺;眼睫毛;
vi.急速甩动;猛击;抽打;严厉谴责;
vt.鞭打;摆动;激励,煽动;捆绑;
(1) In spite of the fall from his horse, his leg was surprisingly uninjured.
(2) The freighter tied up at a small harbor.
(3) The harbor is busy night and day, within a year playing host to freighters from more than 30 countries and regions.
harbor[ˈhɑ:bə]
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adj.本国的;土著的;天生的;天真的,纯朴的;
n.当地人;土著人;当地产的动(植)物;
n.海港;海湾;避难所;躲藏处;
vt.& vi.心怀;庇护;避入安全地;(船)入港停泊;
adj.聪明的;理解力强的;有智力的;[计]智能的;
adj.不诚实的,骗人的;
adv.惯于欺骗地,不诚实地;
(1) the prisoner's repeated denials of the charges against him
(2) The terrorists issued a denial of responsibility for the attack.
(3) an official denial that there would be an election before the end of the year
denial[dɪˈnaɪəl]
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n.农作物;产量;庄稼;平头;
vt.种植;收割;修剪;剪短;
vi.收成;收获;
n.生而为人;人格,人品,个性;人物;名人;
n.否认,否定;克制;拒绝,拒绝接受;
vt.忽视,不顾;[法律]驳回(诉讼);
(1) Oh damn! I forgot he was coming.
(2) Where's that damn book!
(3) The damned thing won't start!
damn[dæm]
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n.小路,路;路线,路程;〈比喻〉(人生的)道路;(思想,行为,生活的)途径;
n.罐子;(啤酒)杯;缸;猛然震动;
vi.发出刺耳的声音;不和谐;不一致;(对…)产生不快的影响;
vt.使震动;
vt.发明,创造;虚构;
adv.非常;(表示厌烦)该死;讨厌;十足;
vt.诅咒;谴责,指责;使…失败;[永世受罚,定罪;
vi.诅咒;咒骂;
n.一点也不,丝毫;
adj.该死的;(表示厌烦)可恶的;
(1) Scientists have established a connection between cholesterol levels and heart disease.
(2) a direct/close/strong connection with sth
(3) How did you make the connection (= realize that there was a connection between two facts that did not seem to be related) ?
connection[kəˈnekʃn]
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vt.& vi.乞讨;恳求(原谅);回避(问题);
n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人或事;启发灵感的人(或事物);吸气;
n.[化]元素;要素;原理;[电]电阻丝;
n.连接;联系,关系;连接点;亲戚;
(1) to ask/beg/plead for mercy
(2) They showed no mercy to their hostages.
(3) God have mercy on us.
mercy[ˈmə:si]
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n.努力,尝试;工作;成就;杰作;
n.宽容;怜悯;幸运;侥幸;
adj.合适的,适当的,适宜的,恰当的;
n.拂晓,黎明;天亮;旦;天明;
(1) an audience with the Pope
(2) The target audience for this advertisement was mainly teenagers.
(3) His book reached an even wider audience when it was made into a movie.
audience[ˈɔ:diəns]
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vt.& vi.唤醒,(使)觉醒;(使)意识到;
vt.激起;
n.观众,听众,读者;读者;接见;拥护者,爱好者;
n.费用;花费的钱;消耗;花钱的东西;
vt.向…收取费用;把…作为开支勾销;
n.魔力;魅力;咒文;(表链等的)小装饰品;
vt.使陶醉;诱惑;对…行魔法;令人陶醉;
(1) These items are not covered by your medical insurance...
(2) Make sure that the firm's insurance cover is adequate.
(3) The law covers four categories of experiments...
cover[ˈkʌvə(r)]
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n.钉子;指甲,趾甲;钉状物;纳尔;
vt.钉住;抓住;使固定;揭露;
n.方面;面貌;方位,方向;形势;
n.干草;少量的钱;一种乡村舞蹈;成果,酬报;
vt.把(草)制成干草;用干草喂;
vi.割草晒干;
vt.覆盖,遮蔽;采访,报导;涉及;包括;
n.盖子,覆盖物;(书等的)封面;隐蔽,遮蔽;(保险公司的)保险;
vi.代替;覆盖;
(1) a dustbin lid
(2) I can't get the lid off this jar.
(3) The government is keeping the lid on inflation.
lid[lɪd]
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n.盖子;限制;[口]果盖;[口]遮盖;
vt.给…盖盖子;
n.信任;信托;照管;受托基金机构;
vt.& vi.相信, 信任;
vt.对…有信心,依赖于;盼望,自信地期待,设想;相信;让他人照管,托管;
n.抢;一阵子,一下工夫;很小的数量;<美俚>诱拐;
vi.作出握住或抢夺的动作;很快接受;
vt.抢夺,夺得;及时救助;[体育运动]举重;
n.目标,目的;球门;终点;得分;
(1) He muttered a curse at the other driver.
(2) The family thought that they were under a curse .
(3) the curse of drug addiction
curse[kə:s]
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n.陪审团;(展览会,竞赛等的)全体评审员;舆论的裁决;评判委员会;
adj.应急的;[航](船上)应急用的;暂时的;
n.港口;(事情的)意义;(计算机与其他设备的)接口;(船、飞机等的)左舷;
vt.举枪;持枪;左转舵;
vi.转向左舷;
adj.左舷的,左侧的;
vt.& vi.转舵(向左),把(舵)转向左边;
adv.向左舷,向左;
vt.奉承,阿谀;使满意,使高兴;(画像等的形象)美于(真人[实物]);
n.[机]平面锤;压平机;扁平槽;敲平的人;
vt.& vi.诅咒;咒骂;使苦恼,使困苦;把(某人)逐出教门;
n.诅咒;咒语;祸害,祸因;咒逐,逐出教门;
(1) a merciful God
(2) They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners.
(3) Death came as a merciful release.
merciful[ˈmɜ:sɪfl]
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vt.影响;假装;感动;(疾病)侵袭;
n.感情,情感,心情;[精神病学](表露或觉察到的)情绪反应;
adj.仁慈的,宽恕的,温和的,(情形)良好的,顺利的,(处罚)宽大的;
adj.法律的;合法的;法定的;法律(上)的;
n.法定权利;依法必须登报的声明;
vt.对…指导错误,把…引入歧途;
(1) The sky began to darken as the storm approached.
(2) We walked quickly through the darkened streets.
(3) a darkened room
darken[ˈdɑ:kən]
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vt.& vi.(使)变暗;(使)模糊;
n.装饰,装潢;装饰品;装饰图案,装饰风格;奖章;
n.皇帝,君主;
adj.过剩的;多余的;
n.剩余额;公积金;顺差;盈余;
(1) a string of pearls
(2) a pearl necklace
(3) She was wearing her pearls (= a necklace of pearls ) .
pearl[pə:l]
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n.珍珠;珍品;人造珍珠;珠状物;
vi.采珍珠;
vt.使成珠状;用珍珠装饰;
n.分界线;范围;(球场)边线;
adj.温和的;文雅的;高尚的;
vt.使温和;使驯服;
n.蛆;饵;
adj.无效果的;低效率的;不起作用的;无能力的;
(1) the rolling hills that characterize this part of England
(2) We ordinarily characterize an action as responsible if it was intended.
(3) Several different names have emerged to characterize different parts of the spectrum.
characterize[ˈkærəktəraɪz]
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vt.声称;断言;需要;索取;
vi.提出要求;
n.(根据权利而提出的)要求;声称;断言;索赔;
adj.文学(上)的;精通文学的;爱好文学的;从事文学研究(或写作)的;
vi.勘查, 探测, 勘探;[医]探查(伤处等),探索,研究;
vt.探索, 探究, 仔细查看;
vt.描述(人或物)的特性;具有…的特征;
vi.塑造人物;
(1) She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.
(2) characteristically, Helen paid for everyone.
(3) The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society.
characteristic[ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk]
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vt.<文>征服;战胜;克服;抑制;
adj.特有的;独特的;表示特性的;显示…的特征的;
n.特性,特征,特色,[数](对数的)首数;独特性;性质;
n.准许,赞同;同意;(意见等的)一致;
vi.同意;赞成,赞同;允许;
vt.& vi.集合,收集;
vt.装配,组合;
(1) the introduction of new manufacturing methods
(2) the introduction of compulsory military service
(3) the 1 000th anniversary of the introduction of Christianity to Russia
introduction[ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn]
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n.医生,内科医生;<口>医学博士;(精神创伤的)医治者,抚慰者;
n.介绍;引言,导言;采用,引进;新采用的东西;
adj.很多的,许多的;数量庞大的数量庞大的;数不清的;
adj.仁慈的,慈善的;宽恕的,宽厚的;慷慨的;
(1) The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
(2) The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking .
(3) This treatment is not available in the vast majority of hospitals.
majority[məˈdʒɒrəti]
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vi.跳;冲动的行动;
vt.跳过,跃过;使跳跃;
n.跳跃,飞跃;跳跃的距离;
n.材料,原料;素材;布,织物;适当人选;
adj.物质的;肉体的;重要的,决定性的;辩证的,推论的;
n.多数;(获胜的)票数;成年;法定年龄;
vt.& vi.阻止,扼止;填塞;使窒息;哽咽;
n.窒息,哽咽;拥塞;(车辆发动机的)阻风门;
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