(1) She continued to assert that she was innocent.
(2) She continued to assert her innocence.
(3) ‘That is wrong, ’ he asserted.

(1) the cries of a man in torment
(2) She suffered years of mental torment after her son's death.
(3) The flies were a terrible torment.

(1) Planes dropped supplies by parachute.
(2) a parachute drop/jump
(3) a parachute regiment

(1) a swarm of locusts
(2) Old World locust that travels in vast swarms stripping large areas of vegetation.
(3) This illustration shows a vertical section through the locust.

(1) He is interested in buying the club as a commercial undertaking.
(2) In those days, the trip across country was a dangerous undertaking.
(3) a government undertaking to spend more on education

(1) a tangle of branches
(2) Her hair was a mass of tangles.
(3) His financial affairs are in a tangle.

(1) She uses her charm to manipulate people.
(2) As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.
(3) They managed to manipulate us into agreeing to help.

(1) the person with overall responsibility for the project
(2) There will be winners in each of three age groups, and one overall winner .
(3) an overall improvement in standards of living (= affecting everyone)

(1) a pathetic and lonely old man
(2) The starving children were a pathetic sight.
(3) a pathetic excuse

(1) The book is aimed principally at beginners.
(2) The sell-off is aimed at repositioning the company as a publisher principally of business information.
(3) Embryonic development seems to be controlled principally by a very small number of master genes.

(1) Rabies is a viral disease usually transmitted by a bite from an infected mammal.
(2) Blastocystis hominis is a unicellular protozoan commonly found in the intestinal tract of human and mammal.
(3) She also refurbished the dry land mammal running most quickly speed record.

(1) We outlined our proposals to the committee.
(2) They saw the huge building outlined against the sky.
(3) This is a brief outline of the events.

(1) The rift within the organization reflects the growing bitterness of the dispute.
(2) There was a strain of bitterness in his voice.
(3) That was the very reason why he felt a certain bitterness.

(1) She was tall and elegant.
(2) an elegant dress
(3) an elegant room/restaurant

(1) Driving with excess alcohol in the blood is a serious offence.
(2) excess food is stored as fat.
(3) We need a free press to curb government excesses.

(1) Buyers use different ruses to wring free credit out of their suppliers...
(2) In this way, he hoped to put pressure on the British and thus to wring concessions from them.
(3) The Government has got to get a grip. wringing its hands and saying it is a world problem just isn't good enough.

(1) a six-cylinder engine
(2) a gas/oxygen cylinder
(3) ...a cylinder of foam...

(1) We have a duty to uphold the law.
(2) to uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint
(3) an upholder of traditional values

(1) an annual fixture
(2) Saturday's fixture against Liverpool
(3) the season's fixture list

(1) The moon exerts a force on the earth that causes the tides.
(2) In order to be successful he would have to exert himself.
(3) He exerted all his authority to make them accept the plan.

(1) to underestimate the cost of the project
(2) We underestimated the time it would take to get there.
(3) Never underestimate your opponent.

(1) Shandong; floods and droughts; control measures; food production; farmland water conservancy; farmers savings; and warehouse.
(2) Completion of this Administration Building will provide spaces for Central Office, warehouse, and Canteen facilities.
(3) Finally, three main applications of data warehouse are depicted in detail.

(1) The town lies a few kilometres inland.
(2) We travelled further inland the next day.
(3) inland areas

(1) limestone is often used in building construction.
(2) Cement is made from limestone.
(3) The limestone is sufficiently fissured for tree roots to have breached the roof of the cave.

(1) Is the stairway outside the building?
(2) The stone stairway was covered with lichen.
(3) My next good opportunity for photographs was at the top of a stairway.

(1) a steady flow of refugees from the war zone
(2) political/economic refugees
(3) a refugee camp

(1) I bought the ring as a souvenir of Greece.
(2) a souvenir shop
(3) ...a souvenir of the summer of 1992.

(1) The journey would be dangerous in the extreme.
(2) extremes of cold, wind or rain
(3) It's embarrassing the extremes he'll go to in order to impress his boss.

(1) This system is being tried out experimentally at many universities.
(2) In my opinion, the curvature was determined experimentally.
(3) This machine was introduced experimentally in 1960.

(1) learning by analogy
(2) The teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and a pump.
(3) There are no analogies with any previous legal cases.

(1) It didn't take much persuasion to get her to tell us where he was.
(2) After a little gentle persuasion, he agreed to come.
(3) She has great powers of persuasion.

(1) fresh, wholesome food
(2) It was clean wholesome fun.
(3) ...good, wholesome fun.

(1) The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes.
(2) That one mistake seriously endangered the future of the company.
(3) The sea turtle is an endangered species (= it may soon no longer exist) .

(1) Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
(2) He impressed on us the need for immediate action.
(3) It impressed me that she remembered my name.

(1) Good grief! What a mess!
(2) Several pedestrians came to grief on the icy pavement.
(3) He caused his parents a lot of grief.

(1) He pressed his back against the door...
(2) They pressed the silver knife into the cake.
(3) Drago pressed a button and the door closed...

(1) She exudes sexual magnetism.
(2) There was no doubting the animal magnetism of the man...
(3) Later, she would describe his magnetism as irresistible.

(1) second-hand cars
(2) a second-hand bookshop (= for selling second-hand books)
(3) second-hand opinions

(1) the yoke of imperialism
(2) A pair of oxen, yoked together, was used.
(3) an ox yoked to a plough

(1) We're up to our ears in work.
(2) News of his affair eventually reached her ears.
(3) ‘I bumped into your ex-wife last night. ’ ‘I thought I could feel my ears burning! ’