(1) The town lies a few kilometres inland.
(2) We travelled further inland the next day.
(3) inland areas

(1) She continued to assert that she was innocent.
(2) She continued to assert her innocence.
(3) ‘That is wrong, ’ he asserted.

(1) a six-cylinder engine
(2) a gas/oxygen cylinder
(3) ...a cylinder of foam...

(1) Is the stairway outside the building?
(2) The stone stairway was covered with lichen.
(3) My next good opportunity for photographs was at the top of a stairway.

(1) He is interested in buying the club as a commercial undertaking.
(2) In those days, the trip across country was a dangerous undertaking.
(3) a government undertaking to spend more on education

(1) a tangle of branches
(2) Her hair was a mass of tangles.
(3) His financial affairs are in a tangle.

(1) Planes dropped supplies by parachute.
(2) a parachute drop/jump
(3) a parachute regiment

(1) We outlined our proposals to the committee.
(2) They saw the huge building outlined against the sky.
(3) This is a brief outline of the events.

(1) She uses her charm to manipulate people.
(2) As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.
(3) They managed to manipulate us into agreeing to help.

(1) The rift within the organization reflects the growing bitterness of the dispute.
(2) There was a strain of bitterness in his voice.
(3) That was the very reason why he felt a certain bitterness.

(1) The book is aimed principally at beginners.
(2) The sell-off is aimed at repositioning the company as a publisher principally of business information.
(3) Embryonic development seems to be controlled principally by a very small number of master genes.

(1) The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes.
(2) That one mistake seriously endangered the future of the company.
(3) The sea turtle is an endangered species (= it may soon no longer exist) .

(1) the cries of a man in torment
(2) She suffered years of mental torment after her son's death.
(3) The flies were a terrible torment.

(1) Rabies is a viral disease usually transmitted by a bite from an infected mammal.
(2) Blastocystis hominis is a unicellular protozoan commonly found in the intestinal tract of human and mammal.
(3) She also refurbished the dry land mammal running most quickly speed record.

(1) second-hand cars
(2) a second-hand bookshop (= for selling second-hand books)
(3) second-hand opinions

(1) learning by analogy
(2) The teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and a pump.
(3) There are no analogies with any previous legal cases.

(1) It didn't take much persuasion to get her to tell us where he was.
(2) After a little gentle persuasion, he agreed to come.
(3) She has great powers of persuasion.

(1) She was tall and elegant.
(2) an elegant dress
(3) an elegant room/restaurant

(1) We're up to our ears in work.
(2) News of his affair eventually reached her ears.
(3) ‘I bumped into your ex-wife last night. ’ ‘I thought I could feel my ears burning! ’

(1) the yoke of imperialism
(2) A pair of oxen, yoked together, was used.
(3) an ox yoked to a plough

(1) a steady flow of refugees from the war zone
(2) political/economic refugees
(3) a refugee camp

(1) She exudes sexual magnetism.
(2) There was no doubting the animal magnetism of the man...
(3) Later, she would describe his magnetism as irresistible.

(1) a swarm of locusts
(2) Old World locust that travels in vast swarms stripping large areas of vegetation.
(3) This illustration shows a vertical section through the locust.

(1) limestone is often used in building construction.
(2) Cement is made from limestone.
(3) The limestone is sufficiently fissured for tree roots to have breached the roof of the cave.

(1) This system is being tried out experimentally at many universities.
(2) In my opinion, the curvature was determined experimentally.
(3) This machine was introduced experimentally in 1960.

(1) The journey would be dangerous in the extreme.
(2) extremes of cold, wind or rain
(3) It's embarrassing the extremes he'll go to in order to impress his boss.

(1) a pathetic and lonely old man
(2) The starving children were a pathetic sight.
(3) a pathetic excuse

(1) Driving with excess alcohol in the blood is a serious offence.
(2) excess food is stored as fat.
(3) We need a free press to curb government excesses.

(1) Shandong; floods and droughts; control measures; food production; farmland water conservancy; farmers savings; and warehouse.
(2) Completion of this Administration Building will provide spaces for Central Office, warehouse, and Canteen facilities.
(3) Finally, three main applications of data warehouse are depicted in detail.

(1) fresh, wholesome food
(2) It was clean wholesome fun.
(3) ...good, wholesome fun.

(1) The moon exerts a force on the earth that causes the tides.
(2) In order to be successful he would have to exert himself.
(3) He exerted all his authority to make them accept the plan.

(1) Buyers use different ruses to wring free credit out of their suppliers...
(2) In this way, he hoped to put pressure on the British and thus to wring concessions from them.
(3) The Government has got to get a grip. wringing its hands and saying it is a world problem just isn't good enough.

(1) He pressed his back against the door...
(2) They pressed the silver knife into the cake.
(3) Drago pressed a button and the door closed...

(1) I bought the ring as a souvenir of Greece.
(2) a souvenir shop
(3) ...a souvenir of the summer of 1992.

(1) We have a duty to uphold the law.
(2) to uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint
(3) an upholder of traditional values

(1) the person with overall responsibility for the project
(2) There will be winners in each of three age groups, and one overall winner .
(3) an overall improvement in standards of living (= affecting everyone)

(1) Good grief! What a mess!
(2) Several pedestrians came to grief on the icy pavement.
(3) He caused his parents a lot of grief.

(1) Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
(2) He impressed on us the need for immediate action.
(3) It impressed me that she remembered my name.

(1) to underestimate the cost of the project
(2) We underestimated the time it would take to get there.
(3) Never underestimate your opponent.

(1) an annual fixture
(2) Saturday's fixture against Liverpool
(3) the season's fixture list