背单词v3

(1) the sun's harmful ultra-violet rays
(2) Many household products are potentially harmful.
(3) Fruit juices can be harmful to children's teeth.

harmful
[ˈhɑ:mfəl]
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n.咽喉；颈前部；[植物学]管颈；
vt.用沙哑的声音或嗓音发音；

n.场面，现场；（戏剧的）一场；景色，风景；事件；

n.<生>细胞；小牢房；电池；<诗>墓穴；
vi.住在牢房或小室中；
vt.囚禁；

adj.对…有害的；能造成损害的；不利；不良；

(1) personal effects/belongings/possessions
(2) personal details (= your name, age, etc.)
(3) Of course, this is just a personal opinion.

personal
[ˈpɜ:sənl]
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adj.焦躁不安的；不耐烦的；坐立不安的；难以入睡的；

adj.个人的，私人的；身体的；亲自的；人身攻击的；
n.（报刊上的）人事栏，分类人事广告版；人称代名词；关于个人的简讯；

vt.& vi.给…看；表现出；显露出；上演；
vt.说明；指示；表明；演示；
n.展览；显示；外观；表演；
vi.被人看见，显现，显而易见；

adj.长的，漫长的；冗长的；啰唆的（演说，文章等）；

(1) He was buried in Highgate Cemetery.
(2) (figurative)Their ambitions were finally dead and buried .
(3) She's 85 and has buried three husbands.

bury
[ˈberi]
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vt.埋葬，葬；为…举行葬礼；隐藏，埋藏，遮盖，掩蔽；专心致志于，埋头于，沉溺于；
n.布里；

n.语言，语言文字；表达能力；言语，语风，文风，文体；专门用语，术语；

好像，似乎，仿佛；

以…谋生；

(1) a naughty boy/girl
(2) (humorous)I'm being very naughty─I've ordered champagne!
(3) a naughty joke/word

naughty
[ˈnɔ:ti]
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vi.幸存，活下来；
vt.比…活得长，经历…之后还存在；幸存；
vt.& vi.幸免于难；挺过；艰难度过；

n.音乐会；一致，和谐；
vt.通过双方协议来计划或安排；调整，解决；
vi.协调一致行动；

adj.顽皮的；不听话的；粗俗的；下流的；

adj.时髦的，流行的，入时的；现代风格的；漂亮的；

(1) A sore ankle a ripped fingernail and plenty of missed shots.
(2) Guess how long is the longest fingernail in the world?
(3) Is fingernail what to vitamin lack in vain very?

fingernail
[ˈfɪŋgəneɪl]
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n.窃贼；破门盗窃者；夜盗；

v.充满；

n.指甲；

传播；绕开；随意走走；说服；

(1) He did not have on his other lucky charm, a pair of green socks.
(2) I carry a lucky charm to protect me when I travel.
(3) lucky charm: I don't in luck.

lucky charm
[ˈlʌki tʃɑ:m]
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vt.& vi.拉；扯；拉过来；划（船）；
vt.赢得；吸引异性；取消；（耍手腕）得逞；
n.拖；爬；影响力；

n.性别；两性之一；性，性特征；性活动；
vt.辨识性别；引起性欲；吸引；

n.政府；政体；治理的形式；管辖，治理；

n.幸运符；

(1) She felt very depressed about the future.
(2) an attempt to bring jobs to depressed areas
(3) depressed prices

depressed
[dɪˈprest]
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adj.情绪低落的，沮丧的；萧条的；下陷的，低的；中间凹下的；
v.压下(depress的过去式和过去分词)；使愁苦；降低（价格）；使跌价；

n.物主，所有人；

adj.令人相信的；有说服力的；令人心悦诚服的；
v.使相信(convince的现在分词)；使明白；使确信；说服；

n.歌手；歌唱家；诗人；鸣禽；

(1) He had to laugh despite himself.
(2) Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it.
(3) despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.

despite
[dɪˈspaɪt]
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n.心，精神，心力，知，智力，智慧；心胸，头脑，人；愿望，目的，意向，意志，决心，见解，意见；记忆，记性，记忆力，回想；
vi.介意；注意；
vt.专心于；介意；愿意做；照顾；

prep.不管；尽管（自己）不愿意；不在乎；虽有；
n.侮辱；憎恨；怨恨；轻蔑的拒绝或不承认；

adj.电子的；电子操纵的；用电子设备生产的；用电子设备完成的；

adj.痛苦的；（肉体）疼的；费力的，（工作）困难的；讨厌的，使人厌烦的；

(1) cancer research
(2) Violence is a cancer in our society.
(3) to become cancerous

cancer
[ˈkænsə(r)]
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n.癌症，恶性肿瘤；弊病，社会恶习；迅速蔓延的恶劣的或危险的事物；[天]巨蟹座，巨蟹宫；

仓皇；

n.事件；（讨论、考虑等的）问题；重要性；物质；
vi.要紧，重要；化脓；有重大影响；有重要性；

不久；为期不远；近期；最近；

(1) His friend was killed and he knows he is lucky to be alive.
(2) She was lucky enough to be chosen for the team.
(3) You were lucky (that) you spotted the danger in time.

lucky
[ˈlʌki]
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adj.运气好的，侥幸的；兆头好的，吉祥的；〈俚〉难得；很恰当的；

adj.简单的；单纯的；易受骗的；天真的；
n.笨蛋；愚蠢的行为；出身低微者；

vt.离开；放弃，抛弃；停止，中断；偿清；
vi.停止；放弃斗争；辞职；
adj.自由的；摆脱了责任或义务的；

n.性格内向的人；

(1) a depressingly familiar experience
(2) a depressing sight/thought/experience
(3) Looking for a job these days can be very depressing.

depressing
[dɪˈpresɪŋ]
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n.注意，观察；话语；评论，谈论，；
vt.& vi.评论；觉察；

adj.头昏眼花的；使人眩晕的，引起头晕的；昏乱的；愚蠢的；
v.使头晕眼花；使发昏；使昏乱；使茫然；

adj.令人忧愁的，使人沮丧的；使情绪低落的；
adv.令人忧愁地，使人沮丧地；
n.压抑，郁闷；
v.压下( depress的现在分词)；使愁苦；降低（价格）；使跌价；

n.流星；大气现象；
abbr.气象学(=meteorology)；

(1) We were badly bitten by mosquitoes.
(2) She was bitten by the family dog.
(3) Stop biting your nails!

bite
[baɪt]
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n.种草药的人，草药商，草药医生；

vt.& vi.咬；叮；
n.咬；咬伤；疼痛；受骗；
vi.刺痛；咬饵；有咬（或叮）的习性；（人）上当；
vt.（辣椒，胡椒等）刺激；（齿轮，螺丝，钳子，锚等）咬住；（利器等）刺进；（寒风等）刺骨；
abbr.机内测试设备(Built-In Test Equipment)；

n.塑料制品；〈口〉（使用）信用卡；整形；可塑体；
adj.可塑的，塑性的，受范的，柔软的；造型的，塑造的，给与形态的；塑料[塑胶]的，塑料[塑胶]制的，合成树脂做的；有形成力的，有创造力的；

vi.醒，醒来；苏醒，复活；警觉；弄醒，叫醒；
vt.激发，唤醒；使意识到，使警觉；为…守夜；
n.守灵，守夜；（船航过时的）尾波；年度假期；

(1) to enter a relationship/conflict/war
(2) Several new firms have now entered the market.
(3) The investigation has entered a new phase.

enter
[ˈentə(r)]
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n.对，双；配偶，夫妻；<口>几个，两三个；
vt.&vi.连在一起，连接；成双，结婚；性交，交配；

adj.厚皮的；厚脸皮的；感觉迟钝的；不知羞耻的；

adj.对…有害的；能造成损害的；不利；不良；

vt.& vi.进入；开始；参加；登记；

(1) The plan has a sting intail: it means we lose one day's holiday.
(2) at least Jeremy had the good form to go back and apologize.
(3) at least the club keeps the young people off the streets.

at least
[æt li:st]
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与…共同行动；与…相配合；与…一致；与…结合在一起；

n.刑罚，惩罚；严厉对待；<口>给吃苦头；

adv.至少；
无论如何，反正；

n.瓶子；一瓶（的量）；（婴儿）奶瓶；酒；
vt.把…装入瓶中；控制；
vi.（街头艺人演出后）收拢钱币；

(1) Late again! What's your excuse this time?
(2) There's no excuse for such behaviour.
(3) His excuse for forgetting her birthday was that he had lost his diary.

excuse
[ɪkˈskju:s]
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vt.原谅；为…申辩；免除，宽免；给…免去；
n.借口，托辞；道歉，歉意；辩解；请假条；
vi.作为借口；请示宽恕；表示宽恕；

n.马铃薯，土豆，洋芋；土豆块茎；

n.浪漫史；爱情小说；恋爱；传奇色彩；
vt.& vi.虚构；渲染；谈情说爱；追求某人；

n.地下室；[建]基底，底部；

(1) ...a stick of chewing gum.
(2) A piece of chewing gum stuck to my shoe.
(3) First , order to maintain good tone, preferably a chewing gum before kissing.

chewing gum
[ˈtʃu:ɪŋ]
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n.（尤指女子的）发式，发型；

n.地图，天体图；类似地图的事物；〈美俚〉脸，面孔；（染色体上基因排列的）遗传图；
vt.绘制（一地区等的）地图；勘查；详细规划；[遗传学]比对；

[医]沸过的水，凉开水；熟水；

n.<美>口香糖，橡皮糖；

(1) It's a local custom .
(2) It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
(3) It was her custom to rise early.

custom
[ˈkʌstəm]
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vt.& vi.进入；开始；参加；登记；

n.习惯，惯例；海关，关税；经常光顾；[总称]（经常性的）顾客；
adj.（衣服等）定做的，定制的；

在前头；预先，事先；提前；先期；

adj.值得做的；值得花时间的；有价值的；合算；

(1) If I don't get more money I'll quit.
(2) He has decided to quit as manager of the team.
(3) He quit the show last year because of bad health.

quit
[kwɪt]
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与某人[观点]一致，同意[赞同]某人的意见；与…相符，与…一致；（气候、食物等）适合于；相合；

n.灌木（丛）；[机械学]（金属）衬套；[电学]（绝缘）套管；类似灌木的东西（尤指浓密的毛发或皮毛）；
vi.丛生；灌木般丛生；浓密（或茂密）地生长；生密枝；
vt.加（金属）衬套于；加套管于；用耙耙平（耕地）；以灌木（或灌木丛）装饰（或覆盖、围绕、围住、支撑、标志、保护等）；
adj.（豆科植物等）如灌木般长得低矮的；粗野的；粗鲁的；粗糙但实用的；

vt.离开；放弃，抛弃；停止，中断；偿清；
vi.停止；放弃斗争；辞职；
adj.自由的；摆脱了责任或义务的；

抱怨，投诉；

(1) a packet/pack of cigarettes
(2) to light a cigarette
(3) He went out to buy a packet of cigarettes.

cigarette
[ˌsiɡəˈret]
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继续雇用；继续前进；继续穿着[戴着]；（使）继续服药[接受训练]；

对…有影响，对…起作用，产生效果；

n.疯狂；狂怒；狂犬病；看来奇怪（或愚蠢）的行为自有其道理；

n.纸烟，香烟；

(1) I didn't realize (that) you were so unhappy.
(2) The moment I saw her, I realized something was wrong.
(3) I don't think you realize how important this is to her.

realize
[ˈri:əlaɪz]
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vt.实现；了解；（所担心的事）发生；以…价格卖出；
vt.& vi.变卖，赚得；

n.西瓜；

n.争论，争吵；论据；[数]幅角；主题，情节；

adj.可怜的；可鄙的；<古>充满同情或怜悯的；惨；

(1) a meat substitute
(2) Paul's father only saw him as a substitute for his dead brother.
(3) a substitute family

substitute
[ˈsʌbstɪtju:t]
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adj.无聊的，无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的，乏味的；
n.钻孔；钻屑；
v.令人厌烦(bore的现在分词)；

vt.& vi.代替，替换，代用；
n.代替者；替补（运动员）；替代物；[语法学]代用词；
vi.用…替代；

vt.破裂，打开；（使…）开裂；说（笑话）；开瓶；
vi.断裂，折断；碎裂声，爆裂声；镜子破裂了；失去控制，衰退；
n.裂缝；试图；缝隙；（可听到响声的）重击；
adj.训练有素的；技艺高超的；优秀的；一流的；

vt.污染；玷污，亵渎；破坏（品性），使堕落；

(1) In the 1990s the area became a magnet for new investment.
(2) fridge magnets of your favourite cartoon characters
(3) Prospect Park, with its vast lake, is a magnet for all health freaks...

magnet
[ˈmægnət]
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int.（用以引起注意，表示惊异或询问）嘿，喂；你好！（表示问候）；咳；
n.干草（等于hay）；

n.养育，培养，教养；家教；

n.磁铁，磁石；有吸引力的人或物；[物]磁体；

vi.打盹儿，打瞌睡；假寐；
vt.打瞌睡度过；
n.瞌睡；

(1) a career in advertising
(2) radio/TV advertising
(3) Val works for an advertising agency (= a company that designs advertisements) .

advertising
[ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ]
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n.广告；做广告，登广告；广告业；
adj.广告的；广告业的；
v.公告；为…做广告(advertise的ing形式)；

n.代沟；

n.臂；武器；[复数]战事；权力；
vi.准备（斗争），准备行动(against)；
vt.装备（防御工事）；准备（攻击或迎击）；配备；防护；

n.反撞；（发动机）开动；推出（平面调车）；逆转；
v.踢( kick的现在分词 )；踢蹬，踢（腿）；（因干了蠢事、失去良机等）对（自己）生气；体育运动；

(1) Sometimes they keep you on a bit longer if there's no one quite ready to step into your shoes...
(2) A skeleton staff of 20 is being kept on.
(3) It would stop selling gold and keep on buying Zimbabwean government bonds.

keep on
[ki:p ɔn]
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adv.这样；

adj.辛辣的；加有香料的，香的；有刺激性的；（故事等）猥亵的，下流的；

继续雇用；继续前进；继续穿着[戴着]；（使）继续服药[接受训练]；

吸毒；

(1) She looked over her shoulder to be sure of her footing.
(2) He likes to be sure of his bodily comforts.
(3) A lot of people think that it's better to pay for their education so that they can be sure of getting quality.

be sure of
[bi: ʃuə ɔv]
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n.恐怖；惊吓；可怕的东西，难看的人；
v.使惊恐；

确信；

vt.穿着，戴着；面露；留着（胡须等）；磨损；
vi.耐用；保持不变；磨损，耗损；逐渐或枯燥地通过；
n.穿着；穿戴物，衣物；磨损，穿旧；耐用性；

n.力；武力；（社会）势力；魄力；
vt.强迫；强行；促使，推动；强奸；

(1) in spite of his injuries, the young man stuck it out.
(2) He has modern ideas in spite of his great age.
(3) We admire him for his continuance of work in spite of illness.

in spite of
[in spait ɔv]
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例如，譬如；拿 ... 来说；

n.例外，除外；反对，批评；[法律]异议，反对；

adj.坦白的，直率的；清楚表明的；明显的；
n.弗兰克；免费邮寄权；免费邮戳或签名；免费邮寄的信件；
vt.免费寄（邮件）；盖免费邮寄公章；盖邮戳；便于使（人）自由地来往；

虽然，尽管…；不顾；别看；

(1) a praiseworthy achievement
(2) ...the government's praiseworthy efforts to improve efficiency in health and education.
(3) He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praiseworthy.

praiseworthy
[ˈpreɪzˌwɜ:ði:]
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帮助；

adj.<正>值得称赞的，值得表扬的；

n.日期，日子；约会；时代，年代；（北非和西亚常见的海枣树的）海枣；
vt.过时；使…显老；显示出…时代（或年龄）；鉴定…的年代；
vt.& vi.与人约会，相约；
vi.属于某一特定时期；从某时起计算日期；记载日期；注有（或注明）日期；

adj.（食物）要使人发胖的；
v.喂肥( fatten的现在分词 )；养肥（牲畜）；使（钱）增多；使（公司）升值；

(1) Wet weather always depresses me.
(2) It depresses me to see so many young girls smoking.
(3) The recession has depressed the housing market.

depress
[dɪˈpres]
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adj.古代的，已往的；古老的，过时的；年老的；老式的；
n.古代人；古文明国的国民；<古>高龄老人；<古>旗手；

vt.压下，压低；使沮丧；使萧条；使跌价；

n.[天]木星；朱庇特（罗马神话中的宙斯神）；

看看，看一眼；

(1) Stop nagging─I'll do it as soon as I can.
(2) She had been nagging him to paint the fence.
(3) A feeling of unease nagged at her.

nag
[næg]
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adj.传统的；口传的；惯例的；因袭的；

vt.不断找岔，抱怨；困扰，折磨；
vi.叱责，抱怨；困扰，焦虑；
n.挑剔的人；马，老马；

n.牡蛎；<俚>守秘密的人；鸡背肉；沉默寡言的人；

n.地面，土地；基础；范围；阵地，战场；
vi.搁浅，停飞；着陆；
vt.把…放在地上；在…的基础树立上；交给…基本知识；使…受初步训练；
v.grind的过去式和过去分词；

(1) You push and I'll pull.
(2) Don't pull so hard or the handle will come off.
(3) I pulled on the rope to see if it was secure.

pull
[pʊl]
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n.小鸡；小鸟；少妇；<口>小姐；
adj.胆小的；雅致的；

vt.& vi.拉；扯；拉过来；划（船）；
vt.赢得；吸引异性；取消；（耍手腕）得逞；
n.拖；爬；影响力；

n.灯杆，路灯柱；

n.规则，规定；统治，支配；章程；
vt.& vi.控制，支配；判定；裁定，裁决；价格稳定；
vt.统治；规定；管理；裁决；
vi.统治；管辖；裁定；

(1) We waited until the traffic had eased off.
(2) Share prices eased back from yesterday's levels.
(3) ease your grip on the wheel a little.

ease
[i:z]
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n.曼谷（泰国首都）；[地名] [泰国] 曼谷；

n.轻松，舒适；容易；安逸；不拘束，自在；
vt.解除痛苦；减轻；延缓；松弛；
vi.缓解，减少；轻松前进；

大声讲；畅所欲言，清楚地表明看法；

n.碗；一碗东西；碗状物；[体]木球；
vi.参加保龄球赛；[体]投球；[体]玩滚木球；稳而快地行驶；
vt.投掷或滚动（球）；滚球得分；表演保龄球；打倒，撞击；

(1) They were meditating revenge.
(2) He meditated on the problem...
(3) On the day her son began school, she meditated on the uncertainties of his future.

meditate
[ˈmedɪteɪt]
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adj.值得的；有报酬的；

vt.传达，表达；显示：清晰地揭示；表明；传染：扩散；
vi.通讯；交际；相连；相通；

adv.惊人地，出人意外地；

vi.沉思；打算；
vt.深思；策划；

(1) I thought you did everything the fortuneteller told you to do.
(2) The fortuneteller told Jane that there was an adventure for her just around the corner.

fortuneteller
['fɔːtʃən]
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n.算命者，占卜者；半仙；

开始旅行；以…开始；迅速跑开；出发；

vt.开除；去除；脱掉，拿下；迁移；
vi.迁移，移居；离开；
n.距离，差距；移动；

在过去；以往；平昔；往昔；

(1) She found peace through yoga and meditation.
(2) He was deep in meditation and didn't see me come in.
(3) his meditations on life and art

meditation
[ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn]
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n.默想；默念；沉思；冥想；

adj.便宜的，廉价的；劣质的，低劣的；小气的，可鄙的；
adv.便宜地；卑鄙地；

adv.幸运地；侥幸；幸而；幸亏；

n.癌症，恶性肿瘤；弊病，社会恶习；迅速蔓延的恶劣的或危险的事物；[天]巨蟹座，巨蟹宫；

(1) We pushed and pushed but the piano wouldn't move.
(2) push hard when I tell you to.
(3) She pushed at the door but it wouldn't budge.

push
[pʊʃ]
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n.[计算机]主机；主人，东道主；节目主持人；酒店业主；
vt.当主人；主办宴会，主持节目；款待，做东；
vi.做主人，做东道主；

vt.& vi.推，推动；
vt.推动，增加；对…施加压力，逼迫；按；说服；
n.推，决心；大规模攻势；矢志的追求；
vi.推进；增加；努力争取；

vi.（意外地、突然地）出现；突然出现；发出爆裂声；（突然地）行动；
vt.（突然地）伸出；（突然地）提出问题；（把准备好的东西）突然拿出来；敲击；
n.流行音乐；汽水；（尤用作称呼）爸；（迅速打上的）记号；
adj.流行音乐的；通俗风格的；通俗的；现代的；
adv.爆炸；砰地；
abbr.邮局协议(post office protocol)；

adj.过度的，过分的；奢侈的，浪费的；放肆的；大量的；

(1) I wouldn't advertise the fact that you don't have a work permit.
(2) to advertise a product/a business/your services
(3) The cruise was advertised as the ‘journey of a lifetime ’.

advertise
[ˈædvətaɪz]
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vt.做广告，做宣传；通告，通知；宣扬；
vi.登广告，做广告；做宣传；

n.塞车，交通拥塞；

n.河流，小河，川，溪；潮流，趋势，倾向；（事件等的）连续，（财富等的）滚滚而来；流出，流注，一连串；
vt.& vi.流，流动；
vi.飘扬；招展；鱼贯而行；一个接一个地移动；
vt.按能力分班（或分组）；按能力分班（或分组）；

adv.前进地；向前；至将来；提前地；
adj.向前方的；迅速的；（社会、政治）进步的；早熟的；
vt.促进，助长；（按新地址）转寄；发送；
n.前锋；

(1) I tried to warn him, but he wouldn't listen.
(2) If you're thinking of getting a dog, be warned ─they take a lot of time and money.
(3) He warned us against pickpockets.

warn
[wɔ:n]
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vt.警告，告诫；通知；预告；
vi.发出警告；

adj.令人满意的；符合要求的；[神]赎罪的；

adj.困恼的，为难的；担心的；
v.担心( worry的过去式和过去分词)；

adj.勇敢的；需要勇气的；华丽的；漂亮的；
vt.勇敢面对，不怕，不顾；
n.勇士；美洲印第安武士；

(1) He still has nightmares about the accident.
(2) The trip turned into a nightmare when they both got sick.
(3) (informal)Nobody knows what's going on─ it's a nightmare !

nightmare
[ˈnaɪtmeə(r)]
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vt.提到，说起；提名表扬；
n.提及；

n.噩梦；<口>可怕的事情，无法摆脱的恐惧；泛滥成灾；紧张；
adj.可怕的，噩梦似的；

n.粗绳；绳索；一串；学会决窍，知道决窍；
vt.（用绳子）捆；用绳子系牢；捆紧；用套索抓捕（动物）；
vi.成索状或绳状；

日复一日地，继续不断地；

(1) The country was in the grip of (an) economic depression.
(2) the great depression of the 1930s
(3) Rainwater collects in shallow depressions on the ground.

depression
[dɪˈpreʃn]
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adj.残疾的；有生理缺陷的；智力低下的；

如果是那样的话；

adj.值得的；有…的价值；等值的；有…的财产；
n.财富，财产；价值；

n.萎靡不振，沮丧；下陷处，坑；衰弱；减缓；

(1) The project is still causing him a lot of problems.
(2) The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.
(3) deaths caused by dangerous driving

cause
[kɔ:z]
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adj.流畅的；流利的；液态的；

[体]深吸气；

n.原因；动机；（某种行为、感情等的）理由；缘故；
vt.成为…的原因；导致；引起；使遭受；

adv.相当，很；非常；确实如此；