美国英语 中级下 :
看单词选词义（考） - 17
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(1) There are £25 000 worth of prizes up for grabs in our competition!
(2) a screen grab from Wednesday's programme
(3) He made a grab for her bag.
grab[græb]
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adv.明确地；确切地；一定地；肯定地；
int.（表强烈的肯定）当然；
vt.& vi.抢先，抢占；
vt.夺取或抓住；抢夺，霸占；匆匆拿走；〈俚〉吸引注意力；
vi.抓住，攫取；夺取；
n.不法所得；被抓住的人；抓取装置；
n.（人的）情况；局面，形势，处境；位置；[心理学]情境；
惠顾； 与…交易；应付； 对待；
(1) Stars twinkled in the sky.
(2) twinkling lights in the distance
(3) twinkling blue eyes
twinkle[ˈtwɪŋkl]
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n.反感，厌恶，嫌恶；
vt.使反感，厌恶；
vi.闪烁；（眼睛）闪亮；经光照耀而)闪闪发光；（舞蹈者的双脚）轻快地移动；
vt.闪闪发出；使闪烁；使闪亮；使轻快地移动；
n.闪光；瞬间，一刹那；（眼睛的）闪亮；（脚的）轻快移动；
adj.（用作定语）用马拖的；
折叠；草拟；（使）停下；排好队伍；
(1) Rebecca: No, I'm just not a sex maniac like you are.
(2) And you're a sex maniac!
(3) That's not funny! You sex maniac!
sex maniac[seks ˈmeɪni:ˌæk]
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n.文本，原文；课文，教科书；主题；版本；
v.发短信；
n.性欲狂者；
小卖部；
n.小偷；小偷，盗贼( thief的名词复数 )；
(1) The large number of Chinese farmers they are not all to make a living by farming.
(2) Andrei Pinkov that it engage in military reasons, to make a living and loving each half.
(3) Though he was not dry behind the ears, he had to make a living by himself.
make a living[meik ə ˈliviŋ]
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n.士兵，军人；军事家；<口>偷懒，懒汉；（群居性昆虫）兵虫，兵蚁；
vi.当兵；坚持做；<口>装病；
赚钱过活；营生；糊口谋生；谋生；
adv.精确地；确切地；完全地，全然；恰恰；
只要； 如果；既然； 由于；
(1) Everyone in the class seemed eager to learn.
(2) They're eager to please (= wanting to be helpful) .
(3) the band's eagerly awaited new CD
eager[ˈi:gə(r)]
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adj.渴望的；热切的，热情洋溢的；热心的；急切；
在…之初；
vt.仇恨，憎恨；厌恶；对…感到不喜欢或讨厌；
vi.恨；
n.强烈的仇恨或厌恶，恨；仇恨或讨厌的对象；
工作中；
(1) Mr Thomas was taught by the Catholic nuns whose school he attended.
(2) nun: Can you imagine that pain all over your body?
(3) I can't believe that the famous singer has become a nun.
nun[nʌn]
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n.修女，尼姑；
adj.依靠的；依赖的；取决于…的；有瘾的；
n.受抚养人；受赡养者；依赖他人者；扈从，侍从；
adj.凌乱的，散乱的；肮脏的，污秽的；复杂的，麻烦的，难以应付的；
侵犯；侵害；破坏；
(1) The government had to recall many officers who had been cashiered on political grounds.
(2) ...a cashiered army colonel.
(3) The cashier would not cash the check without an endorsement.
cashier[kæˈʃɪə(r)]
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adj.有魅力的；引人注目的；迷人的；招人喜爱的；
n.出纳员；
vt.解雇；抛弃；
n.男人；人类；男子汉；雇工；
vt.使振作；操纵；给…配置人员；在…就位；
int.（表示惊讶、气愤等）嘿，天哪；
n.混乱；食堂；肮脏；困境；
vt.弄脏；搞砸；给…供膳；
vi.把事情弄糟；制造脏乱；
(1) He is wonderful and strange and who knows how old he is, he thought.
(2) Your behavior is causing our name to be dragged through the mud.
(3) His behavior under fire approved him a man of courage.
behavior[bɪˈheɪvjə]
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n.啤酒，麦酒；（一般）发酵饮料；[印，纺]比尔；
n.旅游，出行；摔倒，绊倒；绊（使某人跌倒的动作）；错误，过失；
vi.绊倒，绊；旅行；轻快地走，跳；
vt.使犯错误；松开（离合器等）以开动；
n.（贝、卵、坚果等的）壳；外壳；炮弹；（人的）表面性格；
vt.去壳，脱落；炮击；
vi.剥皮；炮轰；
n.行为；态度；（机器等的）运转状态；（事物的）反应；
(1) His face burned with shame.
(2) She hung her head in shame.
(3) He could not live with the shame of other people knowing the truth.
shame[ʃeɪm]
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adj.永久（性）的，永恒的，不变的，耐久的，持久的，经久的；稳定的；常务的，常设的；
n.电烫发，烫发；
n.羞愧；羞辱；可耻的人；羞愧感；
vt.使蒙羞；玷辱；使感到羞愧；使相形见绌；
adj.（声音，话语）单调的，无抑扬顿挫的；枯燥无味的；
adj.烂了的，腐败的；
v.（使）腐烂，腐朽( decay的过去式和过去分词 )；衰败，衰退，衰落；
(1) to be of good/poor/top quality
(2) goods of a high quality
(3) high-quality goods
quality[ˈkwɒləti]
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n.板；董事会；甲板；膳食；
vt.上（船、车或飞机）；收费供…膳宿；使搭伙，使寄宿；强行登（船）；
vi.（火车、轮船、飞机等）接受乘客；搭伙，寄宿；
n.质量，品质；美质，优点；才能，能力，技能，素养；品种；
adj.优质的，高质量的；上流社会的；
n.米；测量仪表，计量器；[计量]公尺；韵律；
vt.用仪表测量；用表计算；
adj.有礼貌的；有教养的，文雅的；上流社会的；应酬的，客套的；
(1) Oxford and the surrounding area
(2) Foxes started coming in from the surrounding countryside.
(3) New housing is starting to encroach upon the surrounding fields.
surrounding[səˈraʊndɪŋ]
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n.国家；州；状况，情况；资格；
vt.规定；陈述，声明；
adj.国家的；国务的，公务的；正式的；
n.环境，周围的事物；
adj.周围的，附近的；
v.包围( surround的现在分词 )；与…紧密相关；围绕；喜欢结交（某类人）；
n.商业，交易；生意；事务，业务；职业，行业；
vt.引起，抱起；提高（价格等）；养育；筹集；
n.（工资、薪金的）提升；增加；加价；筹措；
vi.上升，升高；
(1) There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.
(2) One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.
(3) two pieces of wood equal in length/of equal length
equal[ˈi:kwəl]
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与…保持距离；
vt.& vi.（与某人）搏斗；（与…）摔跤；斟酌；
n.摔跤；斗争；
adj.相等的，平等的；平稳的；势均力敌的；胜任的；
vt.等于；比得上；使相等；同样看待；
n.同样的人；相等的数量；能与之比拟的东西；（地位、实力等）相同的人；
vi.相等，相平（与out连用）；
n.偶像，崇拜对象；图标，图符；[宗]圣像；肖像；
(1) I was disgusted at/by the sight.
(2) He was disgusted to see such awful living conditions.
(3) I was disgusted with myself for eating so much.
disgusted[dɪsˈgʌstɪd]
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n.时间；时机；时代；所需时间；
vt.为…安排时间；测定…的时间；调准（机械的）速度；拨准（钟、表）的快慢；
vi.合拍；和谐；打拍子；
adj.定时的；定期的；[美国英语]分期（付款）的；
int.[体育]时间到，（一场或一局等的）比赛时限，暂停；
adj.厌恶的；厌烦的；
v.使恶心；使讨厌；
请坐；
与…抗争；
(1) the beauties of nature
(2) man-made substances not found in nature
(3) nature conservation
nature[ˈneɪtʃə(r)]
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给你。；
adj.母亲的；母亲般的；母系的；母亲方面的；
n.自然；天性；天理；类型；
由…所做成的（用于原材料不易看出的场合）；
(1) Time flies when you're having fun.
(2) Time flies like an arrow; Time fleeing beneath him.
(3) Time flies by , and a world of changes has occurred.
time flies.
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流光易逝；韶华不再；暮去朝来；兔走乌飞；
adv.到国外，在海外；广为流传地；
adj.往国外的；
n.海外，异国；
突然笑起来；纵声大笑；
adj.古代的，已往的；古老的，过时的；年老的；老式的；
n.古代人；古文明国的国民；<古>高龄老人；<古>旗手；
(1) the calm and sparkling waters of the lake
(2) sparkling blue eyes
(3) a sparkling wine
sparkling[ˈspɑ:klɪŋ]
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adj.适当的，相当的，正当的，应该的，正式的，正常的；固有的，特有的，独特的；本来的，真正的，严格意义上的；〈古〉漂亮的，优美的；
adv.〈方〉适当地，好好地，非常，很，完完全全地，彻底地；
n.[宗教][常用P-]特定节日等用的仪式，弥撒（祈祷、礼仪等）书的章节，特赞；
vt.& vi.（使）吃得过多；
adj.发火花的，闪亮的；灿烂的，活泼的；闪闪发光的，闪烁的；起泡沫的；
v.闪光，闪耀(sparkle的现在分词)；
vt.控制；管理；限制；支配；
n.支配权；操纵者；（对国家、地区、机构等的）管理权；（键盘上的）控制键；
(1) physical fitness
(2) physical appearance
(3) The ordeal has affected both her mental and physical health.
physical[ˈfɪzɪkl]
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n.肥料，粪便；
vt.施肥；
adj.自然（界）的；身体的；物质的；自然规律的；
n.身体检查，体格检查；
vt.避开，避免，预防；[法]使无效，撤销，废止；
vi.喧闹；忙乱；奔忙；
vt.催促；使忙碌；
n.喧闹；（女裙后部的）腰垫，裙撑；热闹的活动；奔走，忙乱；
(1) Schools should not compete with each other or attempt to poach pupils.
(2) Charles has never felt the need to compete with anyone.
(3) Every time I sing that line, I have to compete with that bloody trombone!
compete with[kəmˈpi:t wið]
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(1) They behave differently when you're not around.
(2) Will you kids just behave!
(3) She doesn't know how to behave in public.
behave[bɪˈheɪv]
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n.癌症，恶性肿瘤；弊病，社会恶习；迅速蔓延的恶劣的或危险的事物；[天]巨蟹座，巨蟹宫；
n.证券，公债，债券；结合（物），结合力，黏合（剂），联结；契约，契约义务，盟约；束缚，羁绊；
vt.使结合；以…作保；
vi.结合；团结在一起；
vt.想像；设想；想要；猜想；
n.设想；想像力；爱好；怪想；
adj.（构思者）奇特的；昂贵的；（价格等）高价的；[美国俚语]真棒；
vi.想象，幻想；
vi.表现；举止端正；自然反应；
vt.使守规矩；
(1) sparkling eyes
(2) Her jewellery sparkled in the candlelight.
(3) He always sparkles at parties.
sparkle[ˈspɑ:kl]
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离开，脱身；逃掉；抽身；拔身；
n.报告；成绩报告单；传闻；流言蜚语；
vt.& vi.报道；公布；宣告；
vt.告发，举报；使报到；
vt.& vi.热烈地拥抱，抱住，紧抱；
vt.紧靠…走；抱有，持有；
n.紧抱，热烈拥抱；
vi.缠紧，缚紧（某物，尤指人体）；
vi.闪耀，闪烁；活跃，焕发活力和才智；
n.光亮；活力；
(1) a pleasant working/learning environment
(2) An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour.
(3) They have created an environment in which productivity should flourish.
environment[ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt]
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n.（丧葬前的）停尸室，太平间；
adj.丧葬的；
n.愿意；意志（力）；[法]遗嘱；
vt.决心要；将（财产等）遗赠某人；用意志力驱使（某事发生）；
vi.愿意， 希望， 想要；
aux.将，将会；会，要；
n.环境，外界；周围，围绕；工作平台；（运行）环境；
n.观众，听众，读者；读者；接见；拥护者，爱好者；
(1) The kitchen was in a disgusting state when she left.
(2) What a disgusting smell!
(3) I think it's disgusting that they're closing the local hospital.
disgusting[dɪsˈgʌstɪŋ]
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adj.令人作呕的；令人厌恶的；；不堪入目；
n.英镑；磅；兽栏；重击声；
vt.& vi.连续重击；咚咚地走；
vi.（持续地）苦干；（驾舟时）拍打（水面）；（心脏）狂跳；脚步沉重地走（或跑）；
vt.连续重击；捣碎，碾碎；强迫吸收；猛烈袭击；
n.布，织物；一块布；用作某种用途的布，桌布，擦布，揩布；（统称）牧师；
vt.抢劫；抢夺，掠夺；非法剥夺；使丧失；
vi.抢劫；掠夺；
(1) He had seldom seen a child with so much talent.
(2) She seldom, if ever, goes to the theatre.
(3) They seldom watch television these days.
seldom[ˈseldəm]
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受…欢迎；
vt.以朋友的方式对待；帮助；照顾；
conj.唯恐；以免；惟恐；生怕；
adv.很少，罕见；难得；不大；
(1) the smell of rotten vegetables
(2) The fruit is starting to go rotten .
(3) rotten floorboards
rotten[ˈrɔtən]
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n.运动；竞选运动；战役；季节性竞赛；
vi.参加[发起]运动，参加竞选；参战，参加战役；作战；
adj.清洁的；整齐的；新的；正派的；
vt.& vi.（使）清洁；变干净；除去…的灰尘；使…干净；
vi.清扫；
adv.完全地，彻底地；
n.打扫；
adj.腐烂的；恶臭的；堕落的；极坏的；
adv.非常；极其；
n.（同班）同学；级友；
(1) His best friend was killed by police under extremely questionable circumstances.
(2) circumstances dictated that they played a defensive rather than attacking game.
(3) In the circumstances he felt he'd been very restrained.
circumstances
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vt.& vi.开始；着手；创始；创办；
vi.（从…）开始；起始；起初是；开始讲话；
看；评判；审视；接受；
n.境况；境遇；（尤指）经济状况；命运；环境( circumstance的名词复数 )；事件；境遇；机遇；
n.妈妈；木乃伊；干尸；干瘪的人；
(1) The nurse bustled us out of the room.
(2) the hustle and bustle of city life
(3) She bustled around in the kitchen.
bustle[ˈbʌsl]
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n.幽默，心情，诙谐；
vt.迎合，牵就，顺应；
尼罗河；
vi.喧闹；忙乱；奔忙；
vt.催促；使忙碌；
n.喧闹；（女裙后部的）腰垫，裙撑；热闹的活动；奔走，忙乱；
vt.损害；使受伤；使伤心；使受皮肉之苦；
vi.疼痛；感到疼痛；受痛苦；有坏处，有害；
n.伤害；痛苦；
adj.受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的；
(1) She was determined that she would be equal to any test the corporation put to them.
(2) Your marrying will be equal to the match at Randalls.
(3) If either test is failed, BCT for that industrial category would be equal to BPT.
be equal to[bi: ˈi:kwəl tu:]
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n.丑角，小丑；乡下人，笨拙粗鲁的人；经常闹笑话的人；小气鬼，守财奴；
v.扮小丑；闹笑话；说笑话，逗趣；
v.胜任，相等，合适；媲；匹；仵；
adj.（男子）英俊的，漂亮的；（女子体态）优美的；可观的；大方的，慷慨的；
n.隐形眼镜；接触镜，隐形镜( contact lens的名词复数 )；
(1) This place is very quiet, quite different from the hustle and bustle of the cities.
(2) If a poet is divorced from the hustle and bustle of life, he can't write inspiring poetry.
(3) It seems that he enjoys the hustle and bustle of life in the big city.
the hustle and bustle
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n.警告；征候，预兆；前车之鉴；
adj.警告的；告诫的；引以为戒的；
v.警告( warn的现在分词)；提醒；告诫；预先通知；
vt.热情款待；使有兴趣；抱着，怀有；考虑；
vi.热情款待；
拥挤喧嚣；
vt.书面答复；重写；加工编写；改写，修改；
n.改写或重写的文稿；改写的作品；
(1) She expressed her disgust at the programme by writing a letter of complaint.
(2) The idea fills me with disgust .
(3) I can only feel disgust for these criminals.
disgust[dɪsˈgʌst]
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n.弗罗里达州（美国）；[地名] [阿根廷、玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔、哥斯达黎加、古巴、美国、南非共和国、乌拉圭、智利] 佛罗里达；
n.毛皮；软毛；毛皮衣服；人造毛；
adj.含羊毛的；
vt.用毛皮覆盖；除去（锅上的）水垢；
n.反感，厌恶，嫌恶；
vt.使反感，厌恶；
adj.令人作呕的；令人厌恶的；；不堪入目；
(1) a colleague of mine from the office
(2) We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years.
(3) the Prime Minister and his Cabinet colleagues
colleague[ˈkɒli:g]
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adj.不合适的，非正常的；不正确的；不正派的，不合礼仪的；不道德的；
n.停顿；停止，停滞；
adj.停顿的，停滞的；引起停顿的；造成停滞的；
adj.糟糕的；可怕的；非常的；极坏的；
adv.非常，极；
n.同事；同僚；同行；
(1) She works in a bank. She did when I last saw her, anyway.
(2) It's too expensive and anyway the colour doesn't suit you.
(3) It's too late now, anyway.
anyway[ˈeniweɪ]
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adv.不论以何种方式，不论以何种方法；无论如何，至少；但是；不顾；
扔掉；浪费，错过；屏弃；委；
adj.向后的；倒行的；返回的；落后的；
adv.向后；往后；倒；逆；adj.倒行的；返回的；落后的；
adv.往后；倒；逆；
n.坟墓；墓穴；墓碑；死亡；
v.埋葬；
(1) a shop selling clothes at competitive prices (= as low as any other shop)
(2) We need to work harder to remain competitive with other companies.
(3) to gain a competitive advantage over rival companies
competitive[kəmˈpetətɪv]
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长得像，性格类似于，效仿；
adj.竞争的，比赛的；（价格等）有竞争力的；（指人）好竞争的；[生化] 抑制酶作用的；
vt.理解，懂得；熟知，通晓；获知，理解；谅解；
vi.理解，懂得；表示同情或谅解；据说；
n.认识，了解；谅解；知识；
adj.能谅解的；宽容的；通情达理的；
实施，实行；
(1) There is now intense competition between schools to attract students.
(2) We are in competition with four other companies for the contract.
(3) We won the contract in the face of stiff competition .
competition[ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn]
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vt.使想起，使记起；提醒；
v.逗留过久，停留超过（时间）；
n.竞争；比赛；竞争者；[生]生存竞争；
被控制住；处于控制之下；
(1) take exercise if you are out of shape.
(2) Some goa diet, some take exercise, some eat medicine, others even turn to operation for help.
(3) I often take exercise. Why only yesterday I had breakfast in bed.
take exercise[teik ˈeksə]
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adj.外科的，外科手术的；（服装）治疗用的；
n.权威；权力；学术权威；[复数]当权者；
adj.掺杂的； 掺假的；脏的；不纯洁的；
做体操，做健身活动；锻炼；
(1) He was driving like a maniac .
(2) a homicidal maniac
(3) [只用于名词前]a maniac driver/fan/killer
maniac[ˈmeɪniæk]
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n.疯子；癖好者；狂人；躁狂者；
adj.发狂的；狂热的；疯狂的；
vt.& vi.抢先，抢占；
vt.夺取或抓住；抢夺，霸占；匆匆拿走；〈俚〉吸引注意力；
vi.抓住，攫取；夺取；
n.不法所得；被抓住的人；抓取装置；
n.眼泪；撕；裂缝；狂奔，疾驰；vt.撕裂，撕碎；划伤；夺走，扯掉；（使）分裂；
vi.被撕裂；飞奔；
n.[医]肺炎；急性肺炎；
(1) Young children will usually compete for their mother's attention.
(2) Small traders cannot compete in the face of cheap foreign imports.
(3) He's hoping to compete in the London marathon.
compete[kəmˈpi:t]
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vi.竞赛；竞争；比得上；参加比赛（或竞赛）；
v.确信；
vi.停止；中断；逗留；（使）停止工作；
vt.塞住；堵塞；阻挠；止付；
n.停止；（管风琴的）音栓；停车站；（管风琴的）音管；
n.考察，远航；考察队，远征军；（短途的）旅行；迅速（办理）；
(1) Let's go and do exercises.
(2) It is vital to our health to do exercises everyday.
(3) Students do exercises together on the playground every morning.
do exercises
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作操；
n.时刻表，进度表；清单，明细表；预定计划；目录；
vt.排定，安排；将…列表；为…作目录；
n.暴力，强暴，暴虐；猛烈，激烈；歪曲（事实），曲解（意义）；冒渎，不敬；
adj.方便的；[废语]适当的；[口语]近便的；实用的；
(1) Carl pushed ahead in his eagerness to reach the wall.
(2) I shall await your answer to my letter with eagerness.
(3) His hands trembled with eagerness as he opened the letter.
eagerness[ˈi:gənɪs]
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n.猿；狂热；模仿者；
vt.模仿；
大声叫喊，喊着宣布；
n.渴望，热心，热切；
adj.学院的，大学的，学会的，（学术，文艺）协会的；学究的，学理上的，空谈的，非实用的；〈美〉文科的，文学的；柏拉图学派的；
n.学者；大学教师，大学生，学会会员；纸上空论，空论；[A-]柏拉图哲学信奉者；
(1) We escaped from the hustle and bustle of the city for the weekend.
(2) He grabbed her arm and hustled her out of the room.
(3) They survive by hustling on the streets.
hustle[ˈhʌsl]
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n.竞争；比赛；竞争者；[生]生存竞争；
adj.防止环境污染的，防污染的；反污染；
vt.& vi.催促；硬挤，乱推；硬逼，逼使；强夺；
vi.赶紧；硬挤过去；拼命挣钱；
n.忙碌，奔忙；挤，推；拥挤喧嚷；
vi.发抖；焦虑；颤动；轻轻摇晃；
n.震颤，发抖；颤动，震动；摇晃；战栗；
vt.使挥动；用颤抖的声音说出；颤动，震动；焦虑，担忧；
(1) look at that boat dancing on the waves.
(2) Using a scanner, we can look at the unborn foetus.
(3) We're so late I daren't look at my watch.
look at[luk æt]
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n.省份；大行政区；范围；职责；
na.根据，按照；据…所说；如；比照；
看；评判；审视；接受；
n.演员（尤指男演员）；行动者；参与者；
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