背单词v3

(1) indiana State laws deliberately subverted the intent of the constitutions 14 th Amendment.
(2) indiana's legislators cast a suspicious eye toward Washington, passing a vehement resolution.
(3) indiana had a history of bigotry unequaled north of the Mason - Dixon line.

indiana
[ˈindiˈænə]
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n.印地安那州；[地名] [澳大利亚、巴西、美国] 印第安纳；

adj.创造性的，有创造力的；有创意的，创新的，创造的；
n.（非正式）创意人士；

adj.直的；连续的；直率的；整齐的；
adv.直地；直接地；坦率地；立即；
n.直线；直线部分；

vt.& vi.打破；折断；弄坏；削弱；
vt.（使）破；打破（纪录）；（常指好天气）突变；开始；
vi.（嗓音）突变；突破；破晓；（价格）突然下跌；
n.破裂；间断；（持续一段时间的状况的）改变；间歇；

(1) He lost control of his emotions.
(2) They expressed mixed emotions at the news.
(3) emotions are running high (= people are feeling very excited, angry, etc.) .

emotion
[iˈməuʃən]
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vt.吸引；诱惑；引起…的好感（或兴趣）；
vi.具有吸引力；引人注意；

n.情感，感情；情绪；感动，激动；

n.小偷；小偷，盗贼( thief的名词复数 )；

v.入睡；长眠；懈怠；静止不动；

(1) The president will cherish the memory of this visit to ohio.
(2) the ohio State Fairgrounds
(3) He comes from ohio or thereabouts.

ohio
[əuˈhaiəu]
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n.俄亥俄州（美国州名）；[地名] [加拿大、美国] 俄亥俄；

n.手提行李；
adj.手提的；

n.<美>传闻；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷；
vt.谣传；传说；

adj.清楚的，明白的；清晰的，明亮的；清澈的；明确的；
adv.完全地；清晰地；整整；
vi.变明朗；变清澈；
vt.扫除，除去；消除（嫌疑）；使清楚；使干净；
n.空隙，空间；

(1) economic factors
(2) The closure of the mine was the single most important factor in the town's decline.
(3) the key/crucial/deciding factor

factor
[ˈfæktə(r)]
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有可能，有希望；大有希望；

n.因素；<数>因子；代理人；
vt.把…因素包括进去；[数学]分解…的因子，将…分解成因子；以代理商（或管家等）的身份行事，做代理商（或管家）；
vi.做代理商（或管家）；

n.创伤；伤口；伤害；
v.伤；伤害；“wind”的过去式和过去分词；

n.仪器；手段，工具；乐器；法律文件；
vt.用仪器装备；为演奏谱曲；向…提交文书；

(1) They attended college together at the University of pennsylvania.
(2) I went to work as a painter in my hometown, Natrona Heights, pennsylvania.
(3) Michael Hughes of Lackawanna, pennsylvania, enlisted in the 82nd Airborne 20 years ago.

pennsylvania
[pensilˈveinjə]
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adv.的确，确实，实在；实际上，真正地；真的，真是；甚至；

n.证明，论证；实物示教，示范；示威游行；表示；

n.宾夕法尼亚州（美国州名）；

vt.& vi.答复；解答；答辩；适应；
n.回答；答案；反应；足以媲美的人；

(1) You are capable of better work than this.
(2) She's a very capable teacher.
(3) I'll leave the organization in your capable hands.

capable
[ˈkeɪpəbl]
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小卖部；

非常迅速，突飞猛进；连跑带跳；

n.[商]商标，牌子；烙印；〈比喻〉污名，耻辱；燃烧着的木头；
vt.污辱；铭刻于；加商标于；打烙印于；

adj.能干的；有才能的；有才华的；能胜任的；
n.有才能的，能干的；

(1) a pair of grey trousers
(2) I was still in short trousers (= still only a boy) at the time.
(3) He dropped his trousers.

trousers
[ˈtraʊzəz]
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n.裤子；

n.摩天大楼，超高层大楼；特别高的东西；

n.玻璃；玻璃制品；镜子；
vt.给某物加玻璃；反映；使平滑如玻璃；
vi.成玻璃状；

vi.爬行；缓慢行进；巴结；
n.缓慢的爬行；〈美俚〉跳舞，自由式游泳；养鱼（龟）池；

(1) She raised the gun and fired.
(2) He raised a hand in greeting.
(3) She raised her eyes from her work.

raise
[reɪz]
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n.千克；公斤；

v信任；料想；笃信宗教；
vt.相信；以为，认为；对…信以为真；信任；

vt.引起，抱起；提高（价格等）；养育；筹集；
n.（工资、薪金的）提升；增加；加价；筹措；
vi.上升，升高；

adj.相等的，平等的；平稳的；势均力敌的；胜任的；
vt.等于；比得上；使相等；同样看待；
n.同样的人；相等的数量；能与之比拟的东西；（地位、实力等）相同的人；
vi.相等，相平（与out连用）；

(1) the potential pitfalls of buying a house
(2) The pitfalls of working abroad are numerous...
(3) He also points out that forward planning can help avoid stressful pitfalls.

pitfall
[ˈpɪtfɔ:l]
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n.[化]氧，氧气；

n.衣服，衣物；寝具；
v.穿（衣）( clothe的第三人称单数)；给…提供衣服；（用语言）表达；覆盖；

adj.无聊的，无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的，乏味的；
n.钻孔；钻屑；
v.令人厌烦(bore的现在分词)；

n.陷阱；圈套；诱惑；

(1) This, after all, is a company which is awash with cash.
(2) after all, what more can anyone be than themselves?
(3) after all, 15 minutes of exercise is better than nothing.

after all
[ˈɑ:ftə ɔ:l]
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adv.好的；正确；令人满意；
adj.没问题的；

毕竟；究竟；归根结底；（解释或说明理由）别忘了；

adj.保护的，防护的；保护贸易的；

vt.& vi.原谅；饶恕；对不起；请原谅；
vt.免除；

(1) obviously, we don't want to spend too much money.
(2) Diet and exercise are obviously important.
(3) He was obviously drunk.

obviously
[ˈɒbviəsli]
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组成；补足；弥补；编造；

（在该段时间内）一直；向来，一向；时时刻刻；每时每刻；

adv.明显地；

adj.吃惊的，惊奇的；
v.使大为吃惊，使惊奇( amaze的过去式和过去分词 )；

(1) Please pay attention (= listen carefully) to what I am saying.
(2) Don't pay any attention to what they say (= don't think that it is important) .
(3) She tried to attract the waiter's attention .

attention
[əˈtenʃn]
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n.财政；金融；财源；资金；
vt.为…供给资金，从事金融活动；赊货给…；掌握财政；

adj.防止环境污染的，防污染的；反污染；

adj.不贵的，便宜的；廉；贱；

n.注意，注意力；照料，关怀；殷勤；
int.[口令]立正；

(1) His father was an actor in the Cantonese Opera Company...
(2) You have to be a very good actor to play that part.
(3) If the new actor is no good, kick him out.

actor
[ˈæktə(r)]
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n.演员（尤指男演员）；行动者；参与者；

当心；保持警觉；

信赖；信仰；

adj.喜怒无常的；忧悒的；（无缘无故）不高兴的；脾气坏的；
adv.喜怒无常地，情绪多变地；
n.喜怒无常；

(1) High winds have knocked down trees and power lines.
(2) Parallel lines will never meet no matter how far extended.
(3) He fumbled his lines, not knowing what he was going to say.

lines

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adj.环球的，环游世界的；

n.（演员的）台词；排( line的名词复数 )；线路；线条；方法；
v.排队( line的第三人称单数 )；用线标出；[棒球]（击球手）击出（平直球）；给…安衬里；

n.<俚>全景雷达，环视雷达站；
adj.发恶臭的；

n.家眷，侍从，食客；受赡养者；寄人篱下的仆从；
adj.相关的；附属的；随…而变的；

(1) She is struggling to keep up with her schoolwork.
(2) My mother would help me with my schoolwork.
(3) Jeff has a very casual attitude towards his schoolwork.

schoolwork
[ˈsku:lˌwɜ:k]
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adj.吸引人的，令人心动的；恳求的；
v.（迫切）要求(appeal的现在分词)；将…上诉；

vt.使有资格；给…定名；给与…权利；称做；

n.规则，规定；统治，支配；章程；
vt.& vi.控制，支配；判定；裁定，裁决；价格稳定；
vt.统治；规定；管理；裁决；
vi.统治；管辖；裁定；

n.学校作业，课堂作业，课外作业；

(1) The bad weather ruined our trip.
(2) That one mistake ruined his chances of getting the job.
(3) My new shoes got ruined in the mud.

ruin
[ˈru:ɪn]
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vt.破坏，毁灭；使破产；使没落，使堕落；变成废墟；
n.毁灭，灭亡；废墟，遗迹；[灭亡]的原因，祸根；损失；
vi.被毁灭；破产；堕落；

vt.& vi.提供，供给，供应；
vt.规定；提供(+for)；装备；预备；
vi.抚养，赡养(+for)；做准备；预约(for 或 against)；

n.（同班）同学；级友；

或…或…；不是…便是…；要么…要么…；不论…还是…；

(1) Anne had two men trying to win her affections.
(2) I have a great affection for New York.
(3) Children need lots of love and affection.

affection
[əˈfekʃn]
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n.建筑师，设计师；创造者，缔造者；造物主；

n.喜爱，慈爱；情感或感情；意向；疾病，病情；

vt.破坏，摧毁；消灭，歼灭（敌人）；杀死；使失败；

屏住呼吸；倒吸一口气；<非正>休息一下；歇一口气；

(1) Chantal was lucky to be able to salvage her career.
(2) He conjectured that some individuals may be able to detect major calamities.
(3) It would be nice to be able to afford to retire earlier.

be able to
[bi: ˈeibl tu:]
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v.能，会；能够；克；

vt.& vi.（与某人）搏斗；（与…）摔跤；斟酌；
n.摔跤；斗争；

n.金属；金属元素；成色；金色；
vt.以金属覆盖；

adj.使人尴尬的，令人为难的；
v.（使）窘迫，（使）局促不安( embarrass的现在分词)；

(1) a diamond pin
(2) He supports the group and wears its pin on his lapel.
(3) a 2-pin plug

pin
[pɪn]
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n.条，条款；项目；一则；一件商品（或物品）；
adv.又，同上；

n.钉；别针，扣针，饰针；大头针；没价值的东西；
vt.压住；（用钉等）钉住，钉住，别住，扣住；用障壁等)围住，关住（俚语）抓住；[军]牵制；
adj.针的；钉的；销的；大头针的；

adj.竞争的，比赛的；（价格等）有竞争力的；（指人）好竞争的；[生化] 抑制酶作用的；

adj.无聊的，无趣的，烦人的；
v.令人厌烦( bore的过去式和过去分词 )；挖；掘；钻；

(1) They charge a daily rate.
(2) The machines are inspected twice daily.
(3) The story was in all the dailies.

daily
[ˈdeɪli]
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adj.每日的，日常的；一日的；每日一次的；每个工作日的；
n.日报；（不寄宿的）仆人，白天做家务的女佣；
adv.每日；逐日；每周日；日复一日地；

<主美>填写（表格等）；充实；长胖；（通常指因充气）鼓起[膨胀]；

adv.原来，原先；以前，从前；刚才；先头；

adv.轻轻地，轻巧地；轻松地，轻快地；轻易地，容易地，不费力地；轻率地；

(1) a confused state of mind
(2) He was in a state of permanent depression.
(3) anxieties about the state of the country's economy

state
[steɪt]
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工作中；

n.国家；州；状况，情况；资格；
vt.规定；陈述，声明；
adj.国家的；国务的，公务的；正式的；

v.嘲笑；

adj.超重的；过重的；超过规定重量的；
n.超重；偏重；优势；
vt.使…装载过重；使…负担过重；在重量上超过；

(1) a typical Italian cafe
(2) This is a typical example of Roman pottery.
(3) This meal is typical of local cookery.

typical
[ˈtɪpɪkl]
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adj.好的，上等的；纤细的，精致的；健康的；晴朗的；
n.罚款；[音乐]终止；晴天，好天气；[法律]（获得或更新租契时交纳的）地租；
vt.罚款；澄清；
adv.很好地；巧妙地；

adj.典型的；特有的或特别的；代表性的；

adj.自然（界）的；身体的；物质的；自然规律的；
n.身体检查，体格检查；

adj.使成瘾的；上瘾的；易令人沉溺的；

(1) physical perfection
(2) The fish was cooked to perfection .
(3) The novel achieves a perfection of form that is quite new.

perfection
[pəˈfekʃn]
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adv.最近，近来；不久以前；近日；新近；

n.对，双；配偶，夫妻；<口>几个，两三个；
vt.&vi.连在一起，连接；成双，结婚；性交，交配；

n.完美；完善；最后加工；圆满；

vi.停止；中断；逗留；（使）停止工作；
vt.塞住；堵塞；阻挠；止付；
n.停止；（管风琴的）音栓；停车站；（管风琴的）音管；

(1) It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.
(2) It's obvious from what she said that something is wrong.
(3) I know you don't like her but try not to make it so obvious.

obvious
[ˈɒbviəs]
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adj.怪诞的，超自然的；奇怪的，奇异的；<古>命运的，宿命的；不可思议的；
n.命运，宿命；厄运；<古>命运女神；

n.管，管状物；电子管；地铁；电视机；
vt.把…装管；把…弄成管状；用管输送；
vi.乘地铁；不及格；

n.首都；资本；资源；大写字母；
adj.极好的；最重要的；资本的；首都的；

adj.明显的；显著的；平淡无奇的；自明；

(1) Opportunism consists of sacrificing fundamental interests in order to gain temporary, partial benefits.
(2) She would pinch on food in order to spend on clothing.
(3) The price must be right in order to compete internationally.

in order to
[in ˈɔ:də tu:]
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n.偶像，崇拜对象；图标，图符；[宗]圣像；肖像；

最后，结果；竟；卒；终；

n.（加入组织或做某事付的）费；专业服务费，业务报酬；小费，赏钱；[法] 继承的产业；
vt.付给报酬，给小费；〈英〉雇用，聘请；

为了…；

(1) Investors would do well to take a look at the Swiss economy.
(2) Do what you know you can do well and don't overstretch yourself.
(3) You shouldn't always have to kill yourself to do well.

do well
[du: wel]
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n.存在，实在，继续存在；生存，生活，生活方式（方式）；实体，存在物，生物；

v.做得好，进展好；搞好；

adj.怀孕的；孕育着…的；富于想象的；富于成果的；

adj.以前的，从前的；在前的；前任的；
n.模型，样板；构成者，创造者；起形成作用的人；[无线]线圈架；

(1) to roar with laughter
(2) tears/gales/peals/shrieks of laughter
(3) to burst/dissolve into laughter

laughter
[ˈlɑ:ftə(r)]
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n.笑，笑声；〈古〉好笑的事；〈美俚〉力量悬殊得可笑的体育比赛；大笑；

vt.以朋友的方式对待；帮助；照顾；

n.老化；老龄化；（酒等的）陈化；熟化；
v.使变老；（使）长大( age的现在分词 )；使显老；使变老；使苍老；

vt.保护；保持，保存；腌制食物；防腐处理；
vi.保鲜；保持原状；做蜜饯；禁猎；
n.蜜饯；防护用品；禁猎地；独占的事物（或范围）；

(1) a small dictionary for everyday use
(2) The Internet has become part of everyday life .
(3) everyday objects

everyday
[ˈevrideɪ]
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adj.能干的；有才能的；有才华的；能胜任的；
n.有才能的，能干的；

adj.日常的，平常的；普通的；每天的；经常；

adj.肥的；胖的；油腻的；丰满的；
n.脂肪；肥肉；（食用的）动植物油；（人体摄入的动植物）脂肪；
vt.养肥；在…中加入脂肪；
vi.长肥；

n.技能，技巧；熟练，巧妙；才能，本领；

(1) I want to see my brief.
(2) I hold no brief for either side in this war.
(3) The officer briefed her on what to expect.

brief
[bri:f]
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<口>错过；

n.打赌，赌博，赌注；被下赌注的对象；可能性；
vi.当然，的确；打赌(on,against,with)；
vt.赌博；与…打赌；下赌注；确信；

adv.自动地；无意识地；不自觉地；机械地；

adj.短暂的；（衣着）短的；简洁的；简明的；
vt.向…介绍基本情况；（尤指事前）向…介绍基本情况；向…下达简令；在…事先向…做简要指点；
n.概要；短文；简短声明；（争议一方的情况或论点）要点摘录；

(1) You couldn't help being thrilled by the drama of the situation.
(2) A powerful human drama was unfolding before our eyes.
(3) I studied English and drama at college.

drama
[ˈdrɑ:mə]
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vt.& vi.推，推动；
vt.推动，增加；对…施加压力，逼迫；按；说服；
n.推，决心；大规模攻势；矢志的追求；
vi.推进；增加；努力争取；

失败；划分（以便分析）；损坏；衰弱下来；

n.戏剧，剧本；戏剧效果；戏剧文学[艺术]；戏剧性事件[场面]；

vt.不期而遇；遭遇；对抗；
n.相遇，碰见；遭遇战；对决，冲突；
vi.碰见，尤指不期而遇；

(1) We went on a geology field trip.
(2) The teacher counted noses before we returned from our field trip.
(3) I will read Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass in preparation for next spring's field trip.

field trip
[fi:ld trip]
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死掉；翘辫子；上西天；两眼朝了天；

n.缺点，缺陷；过错，责任；[电]故障；（猎狗的）失去嗅迹；
vt.挑剔，找…的缺点；批评；做错，在…中出错；[地质学]产生断层；
vi.找错误，挑剔；[地质学]变动从而产生断层；

n.（学生）实地考察旅行；实习；

n.错误，过失，误解；差错，口误，笔误；失策，失误；
vt.& vi.弄错，误解；
vt.认不出；误会；看错；
vi.弄错；误解；

(1) She nearly died of pneumonia.
(2) The general practitioner diagnosed the illness of the baby as pneumonia.
(3) Objective : To compare the affection of different primers to detect Mycoplasma pneumonia ( Mp ).

pneumonia
[nju:ˈməʊniə]
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adj.典型的；特有的或特别的；代表性的；

n.[医]肺炎；急性肺炎；

n.竞争；比赛；竞争者；[生]生存竞争；

adj.累人的；令人疲倦的；麻烦的，无聊的；引起疲劳的；
v.（使）疲劳( tire的现在分词)；对（做）某事感到厌倦；

(1) an audience with the Pope
(2) The target audience for this advertisement was mainly teenagers.
(3) His book reached an even wider audience when it was made into a movie.

audience
[ˈɔ:diəns]
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vi.喧闹；忙乱；奔忙；
vt.催促；使忙碌；
n.喧闹；（女裙后部的）腰垫，裙撑；热闹的活动；奔走，忙乱；

vt.授予，奖给，判给；判归，判定；
n.奖品；（仲裁人、公断人的）裁定；（法院、法官的）判决；裁定书；

n.眼镜（制造）商，配制眼镜技师；

n.观众，听众，读者；读者；接见；拥护者，爱好者；

(1) champagne bubbles
(2) a bubble of oxygen
(3) blowing bubbles into water through a straw

bubble
[ˈbʌbl]
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n.泡，水泡；冒泡，起泡；泡影，妄想；（欲表达的）一点感情；
vt.& vi.起泡，使冒气泡；
vi.使冒泡，发出冒泡的声音；洋溢着（某种感情）；滔滔不绝地讲；兴奋，欢闹；

n.运动；竞选运动；战役；季节性竞赛；
vi.参加[发起]运动，参加竞选；参战，参加战役；作战；

vt.涌出；倾，倒；
vi.涌流；泛滥，涌出；斟，倒；
n.倾泻；

像往常一样；照旧；如故；仍然；

(1) North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country...
(2) Women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force...
(3) I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him...

make up
[meik ʌp]
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n.动物园管理员；

组成；补足；弥补；编造；

adj.金（黄）色的；金质的；美好的；

n.疾病；弊端；不安；
vt.传染；使…有病；

(1) a faint glow/glimmer/light
(2) a faint smell of perfume
(3) We could hear their voices growing fainter as they walked down the road.

faint
[feɪnt]
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vt.制造，生产；捏造，虚构；加工；从事制造；
n.制造；制成品，产品；工业，工厂；（文学作品等的）粗制滥造；

n.按钮，电钮；纽扣，扣子；扣状物；[植]芽；
vt.用纽扣扣紧；用纽扣装饰，钉钮扣于；在…上装钮扣；
vi.扣住；装有钮扣；扣上钮扣；

adj.微弱的，模糊的；软弱的；无勇气的；将昏倒似的；
vi.头晕，昏过去；渐渐不明，消失；
n.昏厥，昏倒；

adj.干的干燥的，干旱的；干旱的，口渴的；干咳的；无趣味的，枯燥的；
vt.从…去掉水分，使…变干；脱水保存（如肉或其它食物）；
vi.变干；
n.干涸；[复数] drys [非正式用语]主张禁酒的人；

(1) The Dorchester Hotel is the epitome of luxury in the heart of London.
(2) The newspaper's office is in the heart of the city.
(3) Here, in the heart of Soho, they tried to " out -- Bohemia Bohemia . "

in the heart of
[in ðə hɑ:t ɔv]
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在…中心；

n.注意，观察；话语；评论，谈论，；
vt.& vi.评论；觉察；

n.运弓法；弓纬；凸肚形；卷边；

长得像，性格类似于，效仿；

(1) to do the housework
(2) Will they do the housework?
(3) She was tied up with the housework all day.

housework
[ˈhaʊswɜ:k]
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n.家务劳动；

n.危险；危险物，威胁；

vt.修订；改变；修正；[主英国英语]复习；
vt.& vi.复习；
vi.修订，校订；
n.修订；校订；[印刷]校样，清样；修订版，修订本；

n.考察，远航；考察队，远征军；（短途的）旅行；迅速（办理）；

(1) to memorize a poem
(2) He studied his map, trying to memorize the way to Rose's street.
(3) Blindfolded contestants attempt to memorize the position of key cubes before covering their eyes.

memorize
[ˈmeməraɪz]
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vt.& vi.消化；整理；
vt.吸收；领悟；玩味；
vi.消化；吸收食物；[化学]加热；
n.文摘；摘要；法律汇编；罗马法典；

vt.记住，熟记；[计算机科学] 存储，记忆；

n.时期；（一段）时间；学时；句号；
adj.具有某个时代特征的；（关于）过去某一特定历史时期的；（家具、服饰、建筑等）某一时代的；

v.利用；
欺骗，占…的便宜；

(1) Did you take part in the brawl yesterday?
(2) They returned to take part in the season's opening game.
(3) To take part in deviation investigation and change management.

take part in
[teik pɑ:t in]
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参加…，参与…活动；插脚；厕；预；

n.金，黄金；金色；金币；金饰品；
adj.金（制）的，含金的；金色的；金本位的；

adj.贵重的，宝贵的；有价值的；可评估的；
n.贵重物品，财宝；

adj;多脂肪的。油腻的；配胖的；[医]脂肪过多的；
n.胖子；