背单词v3

(1) to arouse/cause controversy
(2) a bitter controversy over/about the site of the new airport
(3) the controversy surrounding his latest movie

controversy
[ˈkɔntrəvə:si]
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vi.努力奋斗，力求；斗争，力争；

adj.（指空气）暖和的；温暖的；芳香的；能止痛的；

n.公开辩论；论战；

多于，超出；

(1) Wickedness does not go altogether unrequited.
(2) She fell in an unrequited love with the artist.
(3) At any rate, my love for Rachel remained unrequited.

unrequited
[ˌʌnrɪˈkwaɪtɪd]
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adj.（尤指爱情）得不到回应或报答的；

n.侦察；间谍活动；

adj.专注的，投入的；献身的；专用的；
v.奉献(dedicate的过去式和过去分词)；

v.竞选，赶快去请；

(1) the perennial problem of water shortage
(2) that perennial favourite, hamburgers
(3) a perennially popular subject

perennial
[pəˈreniəl]
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adj.终年的，长久的；多年生的；不断生长的；四季不断的；
n.多年生植物；长期存在的；

adj.假设的，假定的；有前提的；爱猜想的；假想；

n.后代；后裔；（由过去类似物发展来的）派生物；弟子；
adj.下降的；祖传的；

vt.尊敬，敬重；认为，以为；考虑；估价；
n.尊敬，尊重；意见，看法；评价；名声；

(1) Don't throw that away─it might come in handy.
(2) The extra money came in very handy.
(3) to be handy around the house

handy
[ˈhændi]
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整体来看；普遍说来，一般地说；

adj.未被凌驾的，非常卓越的；绝伦；

adj.方便的；手边的，附近的；便于使用的；手巧的；

vt.使受喜爱；使亲密；使被爱恋；

(1) Many factors are important, for example class, gender, age and ethnicity.
(2) He said his ethnicity had not been important to him.
(3) Fuchs, Lawrence . The American Kaleidescope: Race, ethnicity, and the Civic Culture . 1990.

ethnicity
[eθˈnɪsəti]
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n.计数；计算；（英国以外的）伯爵；
vt.计算，计数，清点；认为，算为；点…的数目；指望，期待，依赖；
vi.计数；有价值；有价值；算得上；

vt.& vi.尝试，试图；尽力，竭力；
n.努力，尽力；

n.名望，声誉；威名；声威；

n.种族地位，种族特点，种族渊源；

(1) Emerging benefit issues included questions about maternity and paternity leave, and child care.
(2) I'd have a paternity test done and take him for millions.
(3) With each day that passes, I come more to terms with the question of my paternity.

paternity
[pəˈtɜ:nɪti:]
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吸收；

adj.有角塔的；角塔状的；

vi.附着于，紧贴；抓紧或抱住；坚持；沿（岸）前进，贴着（墙）走；
vt.依恋，依附于；

n.父亲的身份[地位]；

(1) a striking feature
(2) She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister.
(3) In striking contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and charming.

striking
[ˈstraɪkɪŋ]
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vt.洒，撒；把液体或颗粒洒在…上；散置；撒布，使散布；
vi.洒，撒；落下；
n.洒的动作；小雨；少量；

adj.（尤指爱情）得不到回应或报答的；

n.暴徒；犯罪团伙，黑手党；民众，乌合之众；〈美俚〉匪帮，一群罪犯；
vt.聚众包围；大举包围，围攻；蜂拥进入；

adj.显著的；引人注目的；容貌出众的；妩媚动人的；
v.打( strike的现在分词)；击；敲响；报时；

(1) She's really in her element at parties.
(2) Are we going to brave the elements and go for a walk?
(3) to be exposed to the elements

element
[ˈelɪmənt]
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下（车、马等）；离开；发出；（使）入睡；

n.[化]元素；要素；原理；[电]电阻丝；

n.艺术级的；
adj.（科技、机电等产品）最先进的，最高级的；最新型的，顶尖水准的，使用了最先进技术的；

adj.终年的，长久的；多年生的；不断生长的；四季不断的；
n.多年生植物；长期存在的；

(1) The photograph showed him to advantage.
(2) He took advantage of my generosity (= for example, by taking more than I had intended to give) .
(3) A small car has the added advantage of being cheaper to run.

advantage
[ədˈvɑ:ntɪdʒ]
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vt.& vi.（使）发出格格的响声，（使）作嘎嘎声；喋喋不休地说话；
vi.迅速而嘎嘎作响地移动，堕下或走动；
vt.使紧张，使恐惧；给（桅索）扎梯绳；
n.嘎嘎声；发出嘎嘎声的儿童玩具；呼噜声；音响构造；

n.有利条件；益处；优越（性）；处于支配地位；
vt.有利于；有益于；促进；使处于有利地位；
vi.得益，获利；

adj.值得的；有报酬的；

n.准许进入；承认；坦白；入场费；

(1) heartfelt sympathy/thanks
(2) a heartfelt apology/plea/sigh
(3) My heartfelt sympathy goes out to all the relatives.

heartfelt
[ˈhɑ:tfelt]
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vi.垂直落下；骤然跌落；
n.铅锤；坠子；重压物；

adj.机智的，机敏的；得体的；老练的，圆滑的；婉转；

n.稳定的进程；要旨；男高音；票据的限期；
adj.男高音的；

adj.衷心的；诚挚的；真诚的；深切；

(1) to resist change
(2) They are determined to resist pressure to change the law.
(3) The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.

resist
[rɪˈzɪst]
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v.抵抗，抗拒；忍耐；反对，抵制；
n.防染剂；防腐剂；

v.使（某事物）制度化( institutionalize的过去式和过去分词)；将（某人）收容在社会福利机构；

vt.规定；使明确；精确地解释；画出…的线条；
vi.（给词、短语等）下定义，构成释义；

n.犯罪地点，案发地点；会场；（尤指）体育比赛场所；审判地；

(1) The books in the library are classified according to subject.
(2) Patients are classified into three categories.
(3) Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.

classify
[ˈklæsɪfaɪ]
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n.保存；保护；避免浪费；对自然环境的保护；

adj.精通的，熟练的；

vt.分类，归类；把…列为密件；

adj.熟练的；完成的；学识渊博的；有修养的；
v.完成(accomplish的过去式和过去分词)；达到（目的）；实现（诺言、计划等）；

(1) His legendary tardiness left audiences waiting for hours.
(2) Her teacher gave her extra homework because of her tardiness.
(3) Someone said that tardiness is the subtlest form of selflove and conceit.

tardiness
[ˈtɑːdinəs]
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vt.将…弄碎；将…弄成粉末或尘埃；摧毁；粉碎；

n.缓慢；迟延；拖拉；

vt.压破，压碎；镇压；弄皱；挤榨，榨出；
vi.挤；被压碎，被起皱；
n.粉碎，被压碎的状态；（特指女子对男性的）迷恋；拥挤的人群；果汁饮料；

n.土堆，土丘；堆；[考古学] 坟墩；[棒球] 投球区土墩；

(1) far-reaching changes/reforms
(2) far-reaching consequences/implications
(3) The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented.

far-reaching
[ˈfɑ:ˈri:tʃɪŋ]
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vt.排除，消除；淘汰；除掉；<口>干掉；

adj.政治的；政党的；对政治有兴趣的；争权夺利的；

adj.深远的，广泛的，深至远处的；

n.牛马饲料；寻找粮草；
vi.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西）；

(1) I could elicit no response from him.
(2) Her tears elicited great sympathy from her audience.
(3) Mr Norris said he was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response...

elicit
[iˈlɪsɪt]
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vi.倾倒；摇摇欲坠；倾斜得好倾斜得好像要跌倒一样；
vt.将…推翻，打倒；使…跌倒；

vt.引出，探出；诱出（回答等）；

vt.损伤外观，丑化，使失面子；

adj.天文学的；极大的；

(1) Steps have been taken to ameliorate the situation.
(2) Nothing can be done to ameliorate the situation...
(3) He expected me to do something to ameliorate his depression.

ameliorate
[əˈmi:liəreɪt]
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n.血统，世系；

考虑到；体谅；允许有；留出；

adj.想像中的，假想的，虚构的；[数]虚数的；幻；虚幻；

vt.<正，夸>（使）改善，改进；减轻（痛苦等）；改良；
vi.变得更好；

(1) The meat is served with salad or assorted vegetables.
(2) The jumper comes in assorted colours.
(3) ...swimsuits, sizes 12-18, in assorted colours.

assorted
[əˈsɔ:tid]
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vt.讽刺，讥讽；

adj.平流层的，同温层的；

n.调合；混合；调合物；

adj.各种各样的，五花八门的；根据类划分的；合适的，匹配的；各色；

(1) Do not disturb (= a sign placed on the outside of the door of a hotel room, office, etc.)
(2) She awoke early after a disturbed night.
(3) Don't disturb the papers on my desk.

disturb
[dɪˈstɜ:b]
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adj.卷曲的，古怪的；变态的；

n.初学者，新手；新信徒；尚未赢过大赛的赛马；

vt.打扰，妨碍；使骚动；使不安，使烦恼；妨碍睡眠（休息等）；

n.遗产；继承物；传统；文化遗产；

(1) After six years on the stage, she moved to the US with her Japanese restaurateur husband.
(2) The restaurateur keeps a journal every night.
(3) In his new career as a restaurateur he has blossomed and harvested many awards.

restaurateur
[ˌrestərəˈtɜ:(r)]
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n.[化]元素；要素；原理；[电]电阻丝；

n.餐馆老板；

n.胡椒；辣椒；胡椒粉；
vt.在…上撒胡椒粉；使布满；

n.利益，好处；救济金，津贴；义演，义卖；恩惠，恩泽；
vt.有益于，有助于；使受益；得益，受益；

(1) Fine bubbles originate in the lower respiratory tract.
(2) Clearly, species can originate in a variety of ways.
(3) You mean Beijing opera did not originate in Beijing, did it?

originate in
[əˈridʒineit in]
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adj.最高的，至上的；最重要的，主要的；卓越的；有最高权力的；
n.最高，至上；有最高权力的人；元首，首长；

n.范围；射程；类别；（山脉，房屋等的）排列；
vi.搜索；变化；延伸；漫游；
vt.排列；（按一定位置或顺序）排序；把…分类；徘徊；
adj.牧场的，放牧区的；

归因于…，产生于…；起源；

n.咕哝，发牢骚；低声的抱怨；低声说话；
vt.& vi.小声说；
vi.发出连续而低沉的声音；私下抱怨；

(1) This type of tongue , also present in frogs and toads, is called an extensile tongue.

extensile
[eksˈtensail]
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adj.永久（性）的，永恒的，不变的，耐久的，持久的，经久的；稳定的；常务的，常设的；
n.电烫发，烫发；

adj.自主的；不相关连的；无党派的；不相干的人所做的（或提供的）；
n.独立自主的人；无党派人士；

adj.可伸出的，可延展的；

(1) In the poem he laments the destruction of the countryside.
(2) Ken began to lament the death of his only son...
(3) He laments that people in Villa El Salvador are suspicious of the police...

lament
[ləˈment]
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阻止；制止；

对…厌烦；

vt.包围；围绕；

vt.& vi.（为…）哀悼；悲叹；悔恨；痛惜；
n.哀歌，挽歌；悲恸，恸哭；悲痛之情；悼词；

(1) The report highlights the similarity between the two groups.
(2) She bears a striking similarity to her mother.
(3) There is some similarity in the way they sing.

similarity
[ˌsɪməˈlærəti]
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种种，多种多样；

n.类似；相像性；相仿性；类似性，相似物；

vi.高飞；飞腾；猛增，剧增；高耸，屹立；
n.高飞；高涨；高飞范围；上升高度；
vt.高飞越过；飞升到；

n.（枪）扳机；起动装置，扳柄；引发其他事件的一件事；[电子学]触发器，触发电器；
vt.引发，触发；扣…的扳机；发射或使爆炸（武器或爆炸性弹药）；

(1) You may depend on their support.
(2) You may depend on his / him coming.
(3) You can depend on him to make a sound choice.

depend on
[diˈpend ɔn]
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adj.[医]压碎的，粉碎的；
v.压碎，压坏( crush的过去式和过去分词 )；破坏；镇压；榨；

依赖；相信；信赖；随…而定；

vt.包含；使参与，牵涉；围绕，缠绕；使专心于；

n.[数]连续统；[经]连续统一体；闭联集；[物]连续区；

(1) the elimination of toxins from the body
(2) There were three eliminations in the first round of the competition.
(3) Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.

eliminate
[ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt]
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n.穿过；横贯，横切；横木；[建]横梁；
vt.横越，横贯；通过；[法]否认，反驳；[木工]横刨；
vi.来回移动；旋转；横越；
adj.横贯的；横切的；

vt.排除，消除；淘汰；除掉；<口>干掉；

adj.简单的；不复杂的；[医]无合并症的；

（把…）与…相比；比得上，可与…相比；比较；

(1) The museum is closed while essential repairs are being carried out.
(2) It is essential to keep the two groups separate.
(3) It is essential that you have some experience.

essential
[ɪˈsenʃl]
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n.车辆；交通工具；传播媒介，媒介物；[药]赋形剂；

n.（声音的）抑扬顿挫；节奏；韵律；调子；

adj.基本的；必要的；本质的；精华的；
n.必需品；基本要素；必不可少的东西；

n.种族地位，种族特点，种族渊源；

(1) an extinct species
(2) to become extinct
(3) Servants are now almost extinct in modern society.

extinct
[ɪkˈstɪŋkt]
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adj.灭绝的；绝种的；消逝的；破灭的；

n.条纹；种类；军士军阶；犯人穿的横条囚衣；
vt.使带有条纹；

vt.下来；向下倾斜，向下延伸；遗传下来；来自，来源于；
vi.(from)起源（于）；是…的后裔；(on)袭击；(to)把身份降至；

n.不利，劣势，短处；损失；

(1) the benefits of modern medicine
(2) It was good to see her finally reaping the benefits (= enjoying the results) of all her hard work.
(3) The insurance plan will provide substantial cash benefits to your family in case of your death.

benefit
[ˈbenɪfɪt]
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vt.加标点符号；不时打断；加强，强调；
vt.不时打断某事物；使用标点符号；

n.利益，好处；救济金，津贴；义演，义卖；恩惠，恩泽；
vt.有益于，有助于；使受益；得益，受益；

vt.催促；推进，驱策；力劝，规劝；极力主张；
n.刺激，冲动；推动力；
vi.催促；强烈要求，竭力主张；

vt.通知；使活跃，使充满；预示；
vi.通知；告发；

(1) a bizarre situation/incident/story
(2) bizarre behaviour
(3) bizarrely dressed

bizarre
[bɪˈzɑ:(r)]
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v.（为…）大吹大擂( ballyhoo的过去式和过去分词 )；

adj.有利的，有益的；[法]可享受利益的；

adj.离奇的；奇特的（指态度，容貌，款式等）；奇怪的；奇幻；

vi.区分，辨别，分清；辨别是非；
vt.区分，辨别，分清；辨别出，识别；引人注目，有别于；使杰出，使著名；

(1) attempts to prevent a recurrence of the problem
(2) Police are out in force to prevent a recurrence of the violence.
(3) The presence of N 2 disease had no impact on the site of recurrence.

recurrence
[rɪˈkʌrəns]
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n.复回，重现；反复，隐现；[数]循环；重新提起；

自…来，是（某地方的）人；

vi.宣布参加竞选；当播音员；
vt.宣布；述说；声称；预告；

n.<贬>窥淫癖者（喜欢窥视他人性行为）；刺探隐秘者（喜欢刺探他人的问题或私生活）；

(1) Ted might benefit from hearing his own voice recorded and played back.
(2) There is little doubt that skin does benefit from exfoliation.
(3) I might benefit from getting my teeth fixed.

benefit from
[ˈbenifit frɔm]
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n.有利条件；益处；优越（性）；处于支配地位；
vt.有利于；有益于；促进；使处于有利地位；
vi.得益，获利；

通过…获益；受益；得力；受用；

依靠…生活；

n.礼仪，礼节；规矩；礼数；

(1) The book ensured his success.
(2) Please ensure (that) all lights are switched off.
(3) Britain's negotiators had ensured that the treaty which resulted was a significant change in direction...

ensure
[inˈʃuə]
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n.高山，火绒草；雪绒花；

vt.确保；担保获得[避免]；使（某人）获得；使安全；

代表…，表现…，是…的典型；

vt.安装；安顿，安置；任命；使…正式就职；

(1) Again and again passages in his essays exasperate or bewilder.
(2) He had begun to exasperate her at last.
(3) He shouted in an exasperate voice.

exasperate
[ɪgˈzæspəreɪt]
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adj.无害的，不致伤的；没有受到损失或免于法律责任的；

n.独立，自主；足够维持闭居生活的收入；独立心；自恃心；

vt.使恼怒；使恶化；使加剧；

n.冒险事业；冒险；冒险行动；商业冒险；
vt.冒…的危险；拿…冒险；用…进行投机；以…做赌注；
vi.冒险前进，冒险行事；猜测（常与at连用）；

(1) a serious/severe/considerable disadvantage
(2) One major disadvantage of the area is the lack of public transport.
(3) There are disadvantages to the plan.

disadvantage
[ˌdɪsədˈvɑ:ntɪdʒ]
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adj.有争议的，引起争议的，被争论的；好争论的；

n.不利，劣势，短处；损失；

vt.实施，执行；使生效，实现；落实（政策）；把…填满；
n.工具，器械；家具；手段；[法]履行（契约等）；

戴水肺潜水；

(1) (North Amercian English)to be tardy for school
(2) The law is often tardy in reacting to changing attitudes.
(3) people who are tardy in paying their bills

tardy
[ˈtɑ:di:]
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n.密度；稠密，浓厚；[物]浓度，比重；愚钝；

由…起源；取自；

adj.行动缓慢的；缓缓移动的；晚的；迟的；

依赖；相信；信赖；随…而定；

(1) to rectify a fault
(2) We must take steps to rectify the situation.
(3) The damage will be easily rectifiable.

rectify
[ˈrektɪfaɪ]
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adj.属于偏执狂的；患妄想狂的；过分猜疑的；
n.偏执狂患者；妄想症患者；

vt.改正，校正；[化]精馏；[电]整流；

adj.有效的；有法律效力的；正当的；健全的；

n.英镑；磅；兽栏；重击声；
vt.& vi.连续重击；咚咚地走；
vi.（持续地）苦干；（驾舟时）拍打（水面）；（心脏）狂跳；脚步沉重地走（或跑）；
vt.连续重击；捣碎，碾碎；强迫吸收；猛烈袭击；

(1) Mary to be fond of learning English.
(2) To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love.
(3) Others may be fond of titles and honours, but I am not.

be fond of
[bi: fɒnd ɔv]
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<正>分担，参加；与；插脚；厕足其间；

n.论述，交谈；正式的讨论；
vi.演说；谈论；
vt.叙述；讨论；

n.糖浆，糖汁；糖浆类药品；甜蜜的情感；果汁，甜汁；

v.喜爱，爱好；疼；待见；

(1) They haven't formally announced their engagement yet.
(2) The government yesterday announced to the media plans to create a million new jobs.
(3) (figurative)A ring at the doorbell announced Jack's arrival.

announce
[əˈnaʊns]
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vt.& vi.控制；在…中占首要地位；在…中具有最重要（或明显）的特色；在…中拥有最重要的位置；
vt.耸立于，俯临；支配；施加；

adj.复杂的；合成的；
n.复杂；合成体；[数学]复数；

vt.使…制度化；使成为惯例；把（某人）置于公共机构下；

vi.宣布参加竞选；当播音员；
vt.宣布；述说；声称；预告；

(1) This theme recurs several times throughout the book.
(2) a recurring illness/problem/nightmare, etc.
(3) ...a theme that was to recur frequently in his work.

recur
[rɪˈkɜ:(r)]
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vi.再发生；复发；重现；回想；

adj.<医>躁狂的，患躁狂病的；疯狂的；
n.躁狂者；

vt.误解，曲解；

vt.追上，赶上；压倒；（不愉快的事）突然降临；

(1) I'm sorry I left you off the list─it wasn't intentional.
(2) She would never intentionally hurt anyone.
(3) I kept my statement intentionally vague.

intentional
[ɪnˈtenʃənl]
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n.<美>地震；

vt.预报，预测；预示；
vi.预报，预测；
n.预报；预言；

adj.有意的，故意的；策划的；

vt.& vi.毁坏；劫掠；
n.破坏；蹂躏；