背单词v3

(1) extant remains of the ancient wall
(2) Two fourteenth-century manuscripts of this text are still extant...
(3) The oldest extant document is dated 1492.

extant
[ekˈstænt]
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无忧的；

adj.现存的，仍然存在的；

n.[化]元素；要素；原理；[电]电阻丝；

vt.& vi.登上；骑上；
vi.增加；上升；
vt.安装，架置；镶嵌，嵌入；准备上演；成立（军队等）；
n.山峰；攀，登；运载工具；底座；

(1) alternate cubes of meat with slices of red pepper.
(2) alternating dark and pale stripes
(3) Dark stripes alternate with pale ones.

alternate
[ˈɔːltə(r)neɪt]
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n.不利，劣势，短处；损失；

[医]低密度（的）；

adj.轮流的；交替的；间隔的；代替的；
vi.交替；轮流；
vt.使交替；使轮流；
n.〈美〉（委员）代理人；候补者；替换物；

vt.拔去门闩，打开；

(1) a representative of the UN
(2) our elected representatives in government
(3) a union representative

representative
[ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv]
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n.本能，天性；冲动；天资，天才；
adj.深深地充满着；

n.公开辩论；论战；

n.代表；继任者；议员；类似物；
adj.典型的；有代表性的；代议制的；相当[类似]（另一种属）的；

vt.限制，限定；约束，束缚；

be representative of

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吸收；

代表…，表现…，是…的典型；

n.论述，交谈；正式的讨论；
vi.演说；谈论；
vt.叙述；讨论；

n.植物学家，研究植物的人；

(1) Does such an activity constitute a criminal offence?
(2) The increase in racial tension constitutes a threat to our society.
(3) Female workers constitute the majority of the labour force.

constitute
[ˈkɔnstitju:t]
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n.凝胶，白明胶；

vt.构成，组成；制定，设立；等同于；指派；

n.[数]连续统；[经]连续统一体；闭联集；[物]连续区；

[医]高密度；

(1) a lake, still and serene in the sunlight
(2) serenely beautiful
(3) She smiled serenely.

serene
[səˈri:n]
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adj.现存的，仍然存在的；

vt.损伤外观，丑化，使失面子；

n.暴徒；犯罪团伙，黑手党；民众，乌合之众；〈美俚〉匪帮，一群罪犯；
vt.聚众包围；大举包围，围攻；蜂拥进入；

adj.沉静的，宁静的，安宁的；安详的；晴朗的；清澈的；

(1) He managed to endear himself to my entire family.
(2) Her object was to endear herself to her friend.
(3) His human compassion and respect for others endear him to many.

endear
[ɪnˈdɪə(r)]
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vt.使受喜爱；使亲密；使被爱恋；

vt.预报，预测；预示；
vi.预报，预测；
n.预报；预言；

adv.同时地；一壁；齐；一齐；

adj.深厚的；意义深远的；严重的；知识渊博的；
n.〈诗〉深海，大洋；深渊；（灵魂）深处；

(1) Old people often subsist on very small incomes.
(2) The living things on the earth could not subsist on Mars.
(3) Many people in the world have to subsist on $ 1 a day.

subsist on
[səbˈsɪst ɔn]
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n.宿醉（酒后醒来的头痛和不舒服）；遗留的感觉（或风俗、习惯等）；<医>后遗症；残余物；

依靠…生活；

整体来看；普遍说来，一般地说；

n.有利条件；益处；优越（性）；处于支配地位；
vt.有利于；有益于；促进；使处于有利地位；
vi.得益，获利；

(1) To give birth to ( a calf ).
(2) To give birth to ( a litter of pigs ).
(3) Mothers contaminated by radioactive materials may give birth to babies with mental deficiency.

give birth to
[ɡiv bə:θ tu:]
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adj.侵略的，侵犯的，攻势的；（美）有进取心的，积极行动的；有进取心的，有闯劲的；好争斗的，借故生端的，爱打架的，要打架的；

n.[医]（对伤处等的）针探，探查；[医]探针，取样器；探头；探测仪；
vt.& vi.探索，调查；用探针（或探测器等）探查，探测；
vt.盘问；（用试探性袭击等）侦察（敌情）；用尖物刺穿（物件）；用力使向前推进；

生（孩子），生育；引起，产生；娩出；娩；

adj.人与人之间的；人际的；人与人之间的关系的；涉及人与人之间的关系的；

(1) Things are manic in the office at the moment.
(2) The performers had a manic energy and enthusiasm.
(3) manic mood swings

manic
[ˈmænɪk]
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adj.深远的，广泛的，深至远处的；

adj.植物（学）的；
n.植物性药材；

v.使（某事物）制度化( institutionalize的过去式和过去分词)；将（某人）收容在社会福利机构；

adj.<医>躁狂的，患躁狂病的；疯狂的；
n.躁狂者；

(1) The figures are astronomical.
(2) Interest rates are astronomically high.
(3) astronomical observations

astronomical
[ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl]
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n.胡椒；辣椒；胡椒粉；
vt.在…上撒胡椒粉；使布满；

对…厌烦；

n.中断；打断；障碍物；打岔的事；

adj.天文学的；极大的；

(1) in terms of his professional abilities, he's just no match for you.
(2) Social diversity is thus explicable in terms of an underlying structure consisting largely of economic factors.
(3) Think of it in terms of an investment.

in terms of

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n.拍卖；竞卖；标售；（桥牌）拍卖玩法；
vt.拍卖；竞卖；

n.快乐，高兴；使人高兴的东西或人；
vt.使高兴，使欣喜；
vi.感到高兴[快乐]；

adj.诱惑的；迷人的；吸引人的；
v.allure的现在分词；

根据；用…的话；就…而言；以…为单位；

(1) He showed a reckless disregard for his own safety.
(2) She was a good rider, but reckless.
(3) He had always been reckless with money.

reckless
[ˈrekləs]
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adj.批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的，危急的；决定性的；[物]临界的；

adj.同时发生的，同时存在的；同时的；联立的；
n.同时译员；

vt.& vi.控制；在…中占首要地位；在…中具有最重要（或明显）的特色；在…中拥有最重要的位置；
vt.耸立于，俯临；支配；施加；

adj.鲁莽的，不顾危险的；粗心大意的；满不在乎的；胆大妄为；

(1) We encourage all members to strive for the highest standards.
(2) striving against corruption
(3) Newspaper editors all strive to be first with a story.

strive
[straɪv]
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adj.微粒的，粒子的；
n.微粒，粒子；

vi.努力奋斗，力求；斗争，力争；

adj.难以预测的；难以预料的，未定局的；怀疑的，拿不准的；不明不白；

adj.古色古香的；少见的，古怪的；离奇有趣的，；做得精巧的；

(1) intense heat/cold/pain
(2) The President is under intense pressure to resign.
(3) the intense blue of her eyes

intense
[ɪnˈtens]
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n.礼仪，礼节；规矩；礼数；

vt.实施，执行；使生效，实现；落实（政策）；把…填满；
n.工具，器械；家具；手段；[法]履行（契约等）；

adj.热情的，强烈的，紧张的；热烈的，热情的，认真的；[摄]（底片）明暗度强的；有强烈感情（或意见、想法）的；

adj.振动的；响亮的；充满生气的；

(1) This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with bad science.
(2) Fractures of the nose may be associated with septal tractures and hematomas.
(3) These procedures were likely to be associated with complications.

be associated with

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adj.（尤指爱情）得不到回应或报答的；

n.清楚，明晰；透明；明确；清晰度；

adj.有意的，故意的；策划的；

和…联系在一起；与…有关；

(1) His speech was a powerful spur to action.
(2) I phoned him up on the spur of the moment.
(3) a spur-of-the-moment decision

spur
[spɜ:(r)]
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adj.值得羡慕的；引起妒忌的；

出生证明；

n.马刺；激励因素；支柱；（公路或铁路的）支线；
vt.策（马）前进；（尤指用马刺）策（马）加速；鞭策；
vi.策马飞奔；急速前进；

vt.& vi.分；划分；分离；（使）产生分歧；
n.分水岭，分界线；分配；

(1) the bleak/rugged/dramatic, etc. landscape of the area
(2) the woods and fields that are typical features of the English landscape
(3) an urban/industrial landscape

landscape
[ˈlændskeɪp]
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vt.& vi.毁坏；劫掠；
n.破坏；蹂躏；

vi.足够；有能力；
vt.满足…的需要；使满足；

n.风景；风景画；乡村风景画；地形；
vt.对…做景观美化，给…做园林美化；从事庭园设计；
vi.美化（环境等），使景色宜人；做庭园设计师；

n.土堆，土丘；堆；[考古学] 坟墩；[棒球] 投球区土墩；

(1) I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.
(2) He is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies.
(3) I don't like you associating with those people.

associate
[əˈsəuʃieit]
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n.预言者，预兆；
vt.预告；充做…的前驱；

adj.切实可行的；能养活的；能自行生产发育的；有望实现的；

vt.（使）发生联系；（使）联合；结交；联想；
vi.联盟；陪伴同事；n.合伙人；伴侣，同志；非正式会员；
adj.联合的；合伙的；非正式的；（性质上）有密切联系的；

vt.使发展；使进化；设计，制订出；发出，散发；
vi.发展；[生]通过进化进程发展或发生；

(1) to face a dilemma
(2) to be in a dilemma
(3) The issue raises a moral dilemma.

dilemma
[dɪˈlemə]
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n.窘境，困境；进退两难；

n.侦察；间谍活动；

vt.引起；创始，创作；开始，发生；发明；
vi.起源于，来自；产生；起航；

vt.& vi.代替，替换，代用；
n.代替者；替补（运动员）；替代物；[语法学]代用词；
vi.用…替代；

(1) Occasionally they paid for their indiscretion with their lives.
(2) He talked to the press in a moment of indiscretion.
(3) He had committed a minor sexual indiscretion.

indiscretion
[ˌɪndɪˈskreʃn]
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当心，注意；警惕；

n.窘境，困境；进退两难；

在另一方面；

n.不慎重的举止，轻率的言行；

(1) to give a grunt of effort/pain
(2) He grunted something about being late and rushed out.
(3) When I told her what had happened she just grunted and turned back to her book.

grunt
[grʌnt]
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vi.作呼噜声；（指人）发出类似的哼声；
vt.咕哝着说；发哼声，咕哝；
n.（猪等的）呼噜声；咕哝，牢骚；

n.杂种；杂交生成的生物体；混合物；混合词；
adj.混合的；杂种的；

n.影响；效果；印象；所有物；
vt.使发生；引起；产生（效果）；

vt.抵消；补偿；（为了比较的目的而）把…并列（或并置）；为（管道等）装支管；
vi.形成分支，长出分枝；装支管；
n.开端；出发；平版印刷；抵消，补偿；
adj.分支的；偏（离中）心的；抵消的；开端的；

(1) My small business operates on a razor - thin profit margin.
(2) It'seems the panda's chance of survival is razor - thin.
(3) Objective To investigate the clinical result grafting razor - thin graft onto the donor site of the split - skin.

razor-thin

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adj.极薄的，极微弱的；

n.运动；手势；动机，意向；请求；
vt.打手势；向某人点头或摇头示意；打手势要求[指示]；
vi.运动；打手势；

vi.再发生；复发；重现；回想；

n.咕哝，发牢骚；低声的抱怨；低声说话；
vt.& vi.小声说；
vi.发出连续而低沉的声音；私下抱怨；

(1) He is notoriously indiscreet about his private life...
(2) Had he been indiscreet in what he had said?
(3) Ten to one , you would have thought him a tasteless, indiscreet methodistical man.

indiscreet
[ˌɪndɪˈskri:t]
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n.鉴赏家，鉴定家；行家，内行，权威；

壮观地，令人吃惊地；

有意要，打算；

adj.不慎重的；轻率的；不明智的；不警觉的；

(1) The greatest of all faults is to be conscious of none.
(2) The greatest of faults is to be conscious of none.
(3) be conscious of your stomach rising very gently as you inhale.

be conscious of
[bi: ˈkɔnʃəs ɔv]
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知道；意识；察觉；

n.阶段；舞台；戏剧；驿站；
vt.& vi.上演，演出；筹办，举行；适于上演；坐公共马车旅行；
vt.举行；展现；上演；筹划；
vi.适于上演，适合在舞台上演出；乘公交车（或驿车）旅行；[军事]中间集结，扎营；

n.[计算机]程序；例行公事；日常工作；固定节目；
adj.例行的；常规的；日常的；普通的；

adj.准备好的，现成的；即时的，敏捷的；情愿的；即将的；
vt.做好…的准备；
adv.预先；已完成地；
n.现款；

(1) I won't encroach on your time any longer.
(2) He never allows work to encroach upon his family life.
(3) The growing town soon encroached on the surrounding countryside.

encroach
[enˈkrəʊtʃ]
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vi.侵犯；侵占；蚕食；侵蚀；
vt.侵入，侵犯；侵略，侵占；侵害；侵蚀；

n.父亲的身份[地位]；

adj.洪水的，大变动的；

adj.集中的；全神贯注的；浓缩的；汰选出来的；
v.集中(concentrate的过去分词)；聚集，集结；凝缩，浓缩；[矿]汰选；

(1) Three will not divide into eleven.
(2) According to role which its plays, may divide into the basic maxim and the concrete criterion.
(3) On greenery, M & S reckons that British consumers divide into four broad groups.

divide into
[diˈvaid ˈɪntuː]
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vt.评价；求…的值（或数）；对…评价；[数学、逻辑学]求…的数值；
vi.评价，估价；

vt.举起；投掷；使起伏；呕吐；
vt.& vi.喘息；呕吐；
vi.起伏；（山丘等）隆起；拖；气喘；
n.举起；波动；隆起；呕吐；

分成，分为；

adj.河边的，水滨的；河岸拥有人；

(1) That wasn't a very tactful thing to say!
(2) I tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.
(3) a tactfully worded reply

tactful
[ˈtæktfl]
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n.发起者，主办者；担保者；倡议者，提案人；后援组织；
vt.赞助；

遵循，依附，坚持；丽；附着；

adj.机智的，机敏的；得体的；老练的，圆滑的；婉转；

vt.搅动，摇动；使不安；激烈讨论；
vi.鼓动，煽动；

(1) Wet days alternate with fine days.
(2) Day and night alternate with each other.
(3) Due to the heavy workload, they decide to alternate with the work.

alternate with
[ˈɔːltə(r)neɪt wið]
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vt.引出，探出；诱出（回答等）；

adj.危险的；不吉祥的；凶兆的；险恶的；

n.纸莎草；纸莎草纸；

轮流，交换；相间；

(1) Students over 25 fall into a different category .
(2) The results can be divided into three main categories .
(3) This book clearly falls into the category of fictionalised autobiography...

category
[ˈkætəgəri]
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n.马刺；激励因素；支柱；（公路或铁路的）支线；
vt.策（马）前进；（尤指用马刺）策（马）加速；鞭策；
vi.策马飞奔；急速前进；

n.类型，部门，种类，类别，类目；[逻，哲]范畴；体重等级；

adj.值得的；有报酬的；

vt.预知，预见；有先见之明；

(1) Have you any comment to make about the cause of the disaster?
(2) She made helpful comments on my work.
(3) The director was not available for comment.

comment
[ˈkɒment]
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adj.各种各样的，五花八门的；根据类划分的；合适的，匹配的；各色；

v.抵抗，抗拒；忍耐；反对，抵制；
n.防染剂；防腐剂；

vi.挥舞；茂盛，繁荣；活跃，蓬勃；
vt.挥动，挥舞；
n.挥舞，挥动；花样，华丽的辞藻；夸张的行为或手势；花式吹奏；

n.评论；注释；意见；说明；
vt.& vi.评论，谈论；
vt.表达意见；解释，注释；
vi.作注释；作注解；作解释；作评语；

(1) He stopped, uncertain how to put the question tactfully.
(2) The advice wasn't very tactfully worded.
(3) She put it very tactfully.

tactfully
[ˈtæktfəlɪ]
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涉及；指的是；适用于；参考；

adv.言行得体地，不得罪人地，能赢得好感地；

adj.灭绝的；绝种的；消逝的；破灭的；

n.命令，指挥；司令部，指挥部；[计算机]指令；控制力；
vt.指挥，控制，命令；命令；应得，值得；
vi.给出命令；命令，指令；
adj.指挥的，根据命令（或要求）而作的；

(1) Though off-puttingly complicated in detail, local taxes are in essence simple.
(2) It wasn't a spur-of-the-moment decision. We discussed it in detail beforehand.
(3) We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text.

in detail
[in ˈdi:teil]
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n.车辆；交通工具；传播媒介，媒介物；[药]赋形剂；

轮流，交换；相间；

详细地；

adj.有利的，有益的；[法]可享受利益的；

(1) She's very conscious of the problems involved.
(2) He became acutely conscious of having failed his parents.
(3) I was vaguely conscious that I was being watched.

conscious
[ˈkɒnʃəs]
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n.血统，世系；

n.技术专家，专家政治论者，技术统治论者；

通过…获益；受益；得力；受用；

adj.有意识的，神志清醒的；自觉的，有意的；（痛苦，感情，冷气等）感觉得到的；同“self-conscious“；

(1) The problem was to safeguard sites from encroachment by property development.
(2) encroachment on any enterprise run by the national bourgeoisie is strictly prohibited.
(3) The eagle broke away and defiantly continued its encroachment.

encroachment
[ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt]
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迟早有用；

（把…）与…相比；比得上，可与…相比；比较；

vt.追上，赶上；压倒；（不愉快的事）突然降临；

n.侵入，侵占，侵蚀；

(1) His lecture was readily intelligible to all the students.
(2) The language of Darwin was intelligible to experts and non-experts alike...
(3) The woman moaned faintly but made no intelligible response.

intelligible
[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəbl]
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在鼎盛时期；

adj.可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的；

n.商品；日用品；有价值的物品；有利，有益；

adj.基本的；必要的；本质的；精华的；
n.必需品；基本要素；必不可少的东西；

(1) the North/South divide
(2) the divide between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland
(3) The issue has divided the government.

divide
[dɪˈvaɪd]
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vt.& vi.分；划分；分离；（使）产生分歧；
n.分水岭，分界线；分配；

n.散文；单调，平凡；枯燥无味的话，无聊的议论；
vt.用散文写，把…改写成散文；平淡无趣地写；啰啰唆唆地讲；

vi.侵犯；侵占；蚕食；侵蚀；
vt.侵入，侵犯；侵略，侵占；侵害；侵蚀；

照料自己；自力谋生；

(1) Old people often subsist on very small incomes.
(2) The terms of the contract subsist.
(3) The prisoners subsisted on one mug of the worst quality porridge three times a day...

subsist
[səbˈsɪst]
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vi.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去；

n.声学；（传声系统的）音响效果；声音的( acoustic的名词复数 )；听觉的；原声的；自然声的；

n.不慎重的举止，轻率的言行；

n.格言，权威的断言；宣言( dictum的名词复数 )；声明；名言；格言；

(1) an incest taboo
(2) a taboo on working on a Sunday
(3) to break/violate a taboo

taboo
[təˈbu:]
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n.过渡，转变，变迁；[语]转换；[乐]变调；

n.禁忌；忌讳；戒律；禁忌的事物（或行为）；
adj.禁忌的，忌讳的；
vt.把…列为禁忌，禁止；

vt.& vi.预示（某事）；恐吓；危及；预示凶兆；
vi.似将发生；威胁；

vi.同时共存，和平共处；

(1) He didn't like the media probing into his past.
(2) a TV programme that probed government scandals in the 1990s
(3) The doctor probed the wound for signs of infection.

probe
[prəub]
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简而言之，总之；一句话；简言之；

n.态度，看法；[戏剧]（表演时的）姿势；

vt.产生；造成；引起；
vi.形成；引起；