背单词v3

(1) Old people often subsist on very small incomes.
(2) The terms of the contract subsist.
(3) The prisoners subsisted on one mug of the worst quality porridge three times a day...

subsist
[səbˈsɪst]
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vi.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去；

n.代表；继任者；议员；类似物；
adj.典型的；有代表性的；代议制的；相当[类似]（另一种属）的；

n.阶段；舞台；戏剧；驿站；
vt.& vi.上演，演出；筹办，举行；适于上演；坐公共马车旅行；
vt.举行；展现；上演；筹划；
vi.适于上演，适合在舞台上演出；乘公交车（或驿车）旅行；[军事]中间集结，扎营；

vt.& vi.回答，响应；
vi.作出反应，响应；回报或回复；
n.[建]（柱，拱基等的）对称，壁联；

be representative of

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代表…，表现…，是…的典型；

v.（为…）大吹大擂( ballyhoo的过去式和过去分词 )；

v.抵抗，抗拒；忍耐；反对，抵制；
n.防染剂；防腐剂；

adj.切实可行的；能养活的；能自行生产发育的；有望实现的；

(1) intense heat/cold/pain
(2) The President is under intense pressure to resign.
(3) the intense blue of her eyes

intense
[ɪnˈtens]
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n.前哨；警戒部队；前哨基地；边区村落；

n.窘境，困境；进退两难；

n.汹涌；大浪，波涛；
v.汹涌；起大浪，蜂拥而来；

adj.热情的，强烈的，紧张的；热烈的，热情的，认真的；[摄]（底片）明暗度强的；有强烈感情（或意见、想法）的；

(1) extant remains of the ancient wall
(2) Two fourteenth-century manuscripts of this text are still extant...
(3) The oldest extant document is dated 1492.

extant
[ekˈstænt]
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adj.未被凌驾的，非常卓越的；绝伦；

vi.高飞；飞腾；猛增，剧增；高耸，屹立；
n.高飞；高涨；高飞范围；上升高度；
vt.高飞越过；飞升到；

adj.现存的，仍然存在的；

adj.平流层的，同温层的；

(1) To give birth to ( a calf ).
(2) To give birth to ( a litter of pigs ).
(3) Mothers contaminated by radioactive materials may give birth to babies with mental deficiency.

give birth to
[ɡiv bə:θ tu:]
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vt.容许；承认；忍受；容忍（不同意或不喜欢的事物）；

adj.命中注定的；难逃一死的；
v.注定(doom的过去式和过去分词)；判定；使…的失败（或灭亡、毁灭、坏结局）成为必然；宣判；

生（孩子），生育；引起，产生；娩出；娩；

adj.放射性的；

(1) Students over 25 fall into a different category .
(2) The results can be divided into three main categories .
(3) This book clearly falls into the category of fictionalised autobiography...

category
[ˈkætəgəri]
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vt.预知，预见；有先见之明；

vi.侵犯；侵占；蚕食；侵蚀；
vt.侵入，侵犯；侵略，侵占；侵害；侵蚀；

n.类型，部门，种类，类别，类目；[逻，哲]范畴；体重等级；

n.礼仪，礼节；规矩；礼数；

(1) We encourage all members to strive for the highest standards.
(2) striving against corruption
(3) Newspaper editors all strive to be first with a story.

strive
[straɪv]
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实施，实行；

adj.各种各样的，五花八门的；根据类划分的；合适的，匹配的；各色；

<正>分担，参加；与；插脚；厕足其间；

vi.努力奋斗，力求；斗争，力争；

(1) The greatest of all faults is to be conscious of none.
(2) The greatest of faults is to be conscious of none.
(3) be conscious of your stomach rising very gently as you inhale.

be conscious of
[bi: ˈkɔnʃəs ɔv]
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知道；意识；察觉；

n.凝胶，白明胶；

多于，超出；

vt.使…制度化；使成为惯例；把（某人）置于公共机构下；

(1) to face a dilemma
(2) to be in a dilemma
(3) The issue raises a moral dilemma.

dilemma
[dɪˈlemə]
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n.技术专家，专家政治论者，技术统治论者；

n.窘境，困境；进退两难；

adj.不可缺少的；绝对必要的；责无旁贷的；不可避开的；
n.不可缺少的人或物；

adj.自主的；不相关连的；无党派的；不相干的人所做的（或提供的）；
n.独立自主的人；无党派人士；

(1) in terms of his professional abilities, he's just no match for you.
(2) Social diversity is thus explicable in terms of an underlying structure consisting largely of economic factors.
(3) Think of it in terms of an investment.

in terms of

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n.人口统计学家；

adj.持久的，不朽的；
v.（长时间地）忍受，忍耐，容忍( endure的现在分词 )；持续，持久，坚持下去；

n.运动；手势；动机，意向；请求；
vt.打手势；向某人点头或摇头示意；打手势要求[指示]；
vi.运动；打手势；

根据；用…的话；就…而言；以…为单位；

(1) the North/South divide
(2) the divide between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland
(3) The issue has divided the government.

divide
[dɪˈvaɪd]
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简而言之，总之；一句话；简言之；

vt.& vi.分；划分；分离；（使）产生分歧；
n.分水岭，分界线；分配；

vt.破坏；毁灭；蹂躏；使荒废；

n.柱，台柱，顶梁柱；墩，柱脚；（组织、制度、信仰等的）核心；

(1) a lake, still and serene in the sunlight
(2) serenely beautiful
(3) She smiled serenely.

serene
[səˈri:n]
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adj.场面富丽的，壮观的；引人注意的；惊动一时的；惊人的；
n.壮观的场面，精彩的表演；〈美〉一小时半以上的大场面电视节目；特大霓虹灯广告；

vt.打扰，妨碍；使骚动；使不安，使烦恼；妨碍睡眠（休息等）；

n.预言者，预兆；
vt.预告；充做…的前驱；

adj.沉静的，宁静的，安宁的；安详的；晴朗的；清澈的；

(1) His lecture was readily intelligible to all the students.
(2) The language of Darwin was intelligible to experts and non-experts alike...
(3) The woman moaned faintly but made no intelligible response.

intelligible
[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəbl]
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adj.可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的；

adj.想像中的，假想的，虚构的；[数]虚数的；幻；虚幻；

自…来，是（某地方的）人；

n.事件，事变；小插曲；敌对行动；骚乱；
adj.[法]附带的；[光]入射的；易有的，附随的；

(1) the bleak/rugged/dramatic, etc. landscape of the area
(2) the woods and fields that are typical features of the English landscape
(3) an urban/industrial landscape

landscape
[ˈlændskeɪp]
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n.风景；风景画；乡村风景画；地形；
vt.对…做景观美化，给…做园林美化；从事庭园设计；
vi.美化（环境等），使景色宜人；做庭园设计师；

缺；缺少；缺乏；悭；

n.岩石，石头；摇滚乐；棒糖；<非正式>宝石（尤指钻石）；
v.摇晃；摇动；震动；
vi.演奏摇滚乐；随摇滚乐起舞；

n.独立，自主；足够维持闭居生活的收入；独立心；自恃心；

(1) My small business operates on a razor - thin profit margin.
(2) It'seems the panda's chance of survival is razor - thin.
(3) Objective To investigate the clinical result grafting razor - thin graft onto the donor site of the split - skin.

razor-thin

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adj.极薄的，极微弱的；

vi.同时共存，和平共处；

vt.表明，标示，指示；象征，暗示，预示；[医]显示需要做…的治疗；

adj.繁重的，费力的；

(1) a representative of the UN
(2) our elected representatives in government
(3) a union representative

representative
[ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv]
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n.代表；继任者；议员；类似物；
adj.典型的；有代表性的；代议制的；相当[类似]（另一种属）的；

adv.偷偷摸摸地，暗中进行地；秘密地；

n.惊愕；惊惶失措；惊恐；

vt.通知；使活跃，使充满；预示；
vi.通知；告发；

(1) Three will not divide into eleven.
(2) According to role which its plays, may divide into the basic maxim and the concrete criterion.
(3) On greenery, M & S reckons that British consumers divide into four broad groups.

divide into
[diˈvaid ˈɪntuː]
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n.餐馆老板；

vt.& vi.（使）自动化；使自动操作；

adj.& adv.两手叉腰的[地]；

分成，分为；

(1) He stopped, uncertain how to put the question tactfully.
(2) The advice wasn't very tactfully worded.
(3) She put it very tactfully.

tactfully
[ˈtæktfəlɪ]
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vt.发挥；运用；使受（影响等）；用（力）；

vt.构成，组成；制定，设立；等同于；指派；

adj.侵略的，侵犯的，攻势的；（美）有进取心的，积极行动的；有进取心的，有闯劲的；好争斗的，借故生端的，爱打架的，要打架的；

adv.言行得体地，不得罪人地，能赢得好感地；

(1) I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.
(2) He is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies.
(3) I don't like you associating with those people.

associate
[əˈsəuʃieit]
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vt.损伤外观，丑化，使失面子；

vt.（使）发生联系；（使）联合；结交；联想；
vi.联盟；陪伴同事；n.合伙人；伴侣，同志；非正式会员；
adj.联合的；合伙的；非正式的；（性质上）有密切联系的；

n.入口，出口；接近，进入；增长；爆发；
vt.接近，进入；使用，接近，获取；

vi.参加某事；分享某事；
vt.得到或接受某部分东西；

(1) to give a grunt of effort/pain
(2) He grunted something about being late and rushed out.
(3) When I told her what had happened she just grunted and turned back to her book.

grunt
[grʌnt]
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adj.（尤指爱情）得不到回应或报答的；

vi.作呼噜声；（指人）发出类似的哼声；
vt.咕哝着说；发哼声，咕哝；
n.（猪等的）呼噜声；咕哝，牢骚；

n.遗产；继承物；传统；文化遗产；

不管，不顾；无；不拘；

(1) Occasionally they paid for their indiscretion with their lives.
(2) He talked to the press in a moment of indiscretion.
(3) He had committed a minor sexual indiscretion.

indiscretion
[ˌɪndɪˈskreʃn]
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戴水肺潜水；

在…（如某行业）中获得成功；

n.不慎重的举止，轻率的言行；

回转；回顾；向后伸展；背叛；

(1) I won't encroach on your time any longer.
(2) He never allows work to encroach upon his family life.
(3) The growing town soon encroached on the surrounding countryside.

encroach
[enˈkrəʊtʃ]
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n.队列，阵列；数组；一大批；衣服；
vt.排列；部署兵力；打扮，装饰；

vi.侵犯；侵占；蚕食；侵蚀；
vt.侵入，侵犯；侵略，侵占；侵害；侵蚀；

vt.抵消；补偿；（为了比较的目的而）把…并列（或并置）；为（管道等）装支管；
vi.形成分支，长出分枝；装支管；
n.开端；出发；平版印刷；抵消，补偿；
adj.分支的；偏（离中）心的；抵消的；开端的；

vt.使受欢迎；普及；使通俗化；使流行；

(1) Though off-puttingly complicated in detail, local taxes are in essence simple.
(2) It wasn't a spur-of-the-moment decision. We discussed it in detail beforehand.
(3) We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text.

in detail
[in ˈdi:teil]
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adj.有意识的，神志清醒的；自觉的，有意的；（痛苦，感情，冷气等）感觉得到的；同“self-conscious“；

adj.无所不在的；普遍存在的；

详细地；

n.透镜，望远镜；观点，看法；远景，景色；洞察力；
adj.（按照）透视画法的；透视的；

(1) His speech was a powerful spur to action.
(2) I phoned him up on the spur of the moment.
(3) a spur-of-the-moment decision

spur
[spɜ:(r)]
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vt.禁止，下令禁止；剥夺权利；[古]诅咒；
n.禁止，禁令；谴责；诅咒，诅骂；革出教门；

adv.不断地，时常地；时刻；常川；历来；

n.马刺；激励因素；支柱；（公路或铁路的）支线；
vt.策（马）前进；（尤指用马刺）策（马）加速；鞭策；
vi.策马飞奔；急速前进；

n.缺乏，不足；缺点，缺陷；不足额；

(1) Old people often subsist on very small incomes.
(2) The living things on the earth could not subsist on Mars.
(3) Many people in the world have to subsist on $ 1 a day.

subsist on
[səbˈsɪst ɔn]
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adj.振动的；响亮的；充满生气的；

期望，盼望；瞩望；属望；企；

n.含义；含蓄，含意，言外之意；卷入，牵连，牵涉，纠缠；[逻辑学]蕴涵，蕴含；

依靠…生活；

(1) He is notoriously indiscreet about his private life...
(2) Had he been indiscreet in what he had said?
(3) Ten to one , you would have thought him a tasteless, indiscreet methodistical man.

indiscreet
[ˌɪndɪˈskri:t]
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v.充满；

adj.不慎重的；轻率的；不明智的；不警觉的；

adv.各自地；各个地；分别地；

vt.& vi.登上；骑上；
vi.增加；上升；
vt.安装，架置；镶嵌，嵌入；准备上演；成立（军队等）；
n.山峰；攀，登；运载工具；底座；

(1) He didn't like the media probing into his past.
(2) a TV programme that probed government scandals in the 1990s
(3) The doctor probed the wound for signs of infection.

probe
[prəub]
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n.胡椒；辣椒；胡椒粉；
vt.在…上撒胡椒粉；使布满；

adj.后来的；随后的；作为结果而发生的；附随的；

adj.批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的，危急的；决定性的；[物]临界的；

n.[医]（对伤处等的）针探，探查；[医]探针，取样器；探头；探测仪；
vt.& vi.探索，调查；用探针（或探测器等）探查，探测；
vt.盘问；（用试探性袭击等）侦察（敌情）；用尖物刺穿（物件）；用力使向前推进；

(1) He showed a reckless disregard for his own safety.
(2) She was a good rider, but reckless.
(3) He had always been reckless with money.

reckless
[ˈrekləs]
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adj.专注的，投入的；献身的；专用的；
v.奉献(dedicate的过去式和过去分词)；

…富于，…丰富；

adj.鲁莽的，不顾危险的；粗心大意的；满不在乎的；胆大妄为；

发出；放出；散发出；放射出；

(1) alternate cubes of meat with slices of red pepper.
(2) alternating dark and pale stripes
(3) Dark stripes alternate with pale ones.

alternate
[ˈɔːltə(r)neɪt]
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vi.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去；

来自…，源于…；起源；

n.类型，部门，种类，类别，类目；[逻，哲]范畴；体重等级；

adj.轮流的；交替的；间隔的；代替的；
vi.交替；轮流；
vt.使交替；使轮流；
n.〈美〉（委员）代理人；候补者；替换物；

(1) Does such an activity constitute a criminal offence?
(2) The increase in racial tension constitutes a threat to our society.
(3) Female workers constitute the majority of the labour force.

constitute
[ˈkɔnstitju:t]
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n.初学者，新手；新信徒；尚未赢过大赛的赛马；

vt.构成，组成；制定，设立；等同于；指派；

adj.人与人之间的；人际的；人与人之间的关系的；涉及人与人之间的关系的；

代表…，表现…，是…的典型；

(1) The figures are astronomical.
(2) Interest rates are astronomically high.
(3) astronomical observations

astronomical
[ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl]
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adj.天文学的；极大的；

adj.轮流的；交替的；间隔的；代替的；
vi.交替；轮流；
vt.使交替；使轮流；
n.〈美〉（委员）代理人；候补者；替换物；

n.鉴赏家，鉴定家；行家，内行，权威；

知道；意识；察觉；

(1) The problem was to safeguard sites from encroachment by property development.
(2) encroachment on any enterprise run by the national bourgeoisie is strictly prohibited.
(3) The eagle broke away and defiantly continued its encroachment.

encroachment
[ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt]
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adv.同时地；一壁；齐；一齐；

adj.西班牙的；西班牙和葡萄牙的；西班牙及其他说西班牙语国家的；拉丁美洲的；

n.糖浆，糖汁；糖浆类药品；甜蜜的情感；果汁，甜汁；

n.侵入，侵占，侵蚀；

(1) Things are manic in the office at the moment.
(2) The performers had a manic energy and enthusiasm.
(3) manic mood swings

manic
[ˈmænɪk]
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n.依附；坚持；忠诚；密着；

n.存货清单；财产目录，财产目录的编制；存货总值；清查；
vt.编制…的目录；开列…的清单；盘存；总结；

adj.<医>躁狂的，患躁狂病的；疯狂的；
n.躁狂者；

vt.使发展；使进化；设计，制订出；发出，散发；
vi.发展；[生]通过进化进程发展或发生；

(1) She's very conscious of the problems involved.
(2) He became acutely conscious of having failed his parents.
(3) I was vaguely conscious that I was being watched.

conscious
[ˈkɒnʃəs]
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adj.有意识的，神志清醒的；自觉的，有意的；（痛苦，感情，冷气等）感觉得到的；同“self-conscious“；

n.死亡证明书；

n.专业，专长；特点，特别事项；特性，特质；<律>盖印的契约；
adj.特色的；专门的；独立的；

adj.可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的；

(1) He managed to endear himself to my entire family.
(2) Her object was to endear herself to her friend.
(3) His human compassion and respect for others endear him to many.

endear
[ɪnˈdɪə(r)]
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vt.下来；向下倾斜，向下延伸；遗传下来；来自，来源于；
vi.(from)起源（于）；是…的后裔；(on)袭击；(to)把身份降至；

adj.革命的；革命性的，创新的；旋转的；
n.革命者，革新者；

vt.使受喜爱；使亲密；使被爱恋；

n.评论；注释；意见；说明；
vt.& vi.评论，谈论；
vt.表达意见；解释，注释；
vi.作注释；作注解；作解释；作评语；

(1) Wet days alternate with fine days.
(2) Day and night alternate with each other.
(3) Due to the heavy workload, they decide to alternate with the work.

alternate with
[ˈɔːltə(r)neɪt wið]
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轮流，交换；相间；

v.竞选，赶快去请；

vt.提出，开出；放弃，让与；报答；归还；
vi.给予补偿；熬油；
n.纳贡；（墙壁的）初涂，打底；（抹在墙上的）底灰；底层；

n.植物学家，研究植物的人；

(1) Have you any comment to make about the cause of the disaster?
(2) She made helpful comments on my work.
(3) The director was not available for comment.

comment
[ˈkɒment]
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博士学位；

n.评论；注释；意见；说明；
vt.& vi.评论，谈论；
vt.表达意见；解释，注释；
vi.作注释；作注解；作解释；作评语；

adv.因此，于是；依据；照着，相应地；

n.报仇，报复；
vt.为…报仇，报…之仇；

(1) That wasn't a very tactful thing to say!
(2) I tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.
(3) a tactfully worded reply

tactful
[ˈtæktfl]
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adj.机智的，机敏的；得体的；老练的，圆滑的；婉转；

在家千日好；

vt.保护；保持，保存；腌制食物；防腐处理；
vi.保鲜；保持原状；做蜜饯；禁猎；
n.蜜饯；防护用品；禁猎地；独占的事物（或范围）；

adj.永久（性）的，永恒的，不变的，耐久的，持久的，经久的；稳定的；常务的，常设的；
n.电烫发，烫发；

(1) an incest taboo
(2) a taboo on working on a Sunday
(3) to break/violate a taboo

taboo
[təˈbu:]
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n.禁忌；忌讳；戒律；禁忌的事物（或行为）；
adj.禁忌的，忌讳的；
vt.把…列为禁忌，禁止；

adj.最适宜的；
n.最佳效果；最适宜条件；[生物学] 最适度；

adv.言行得体地，不得罪人地，能赢得好感地；

adj.无法计量的，无限的；无可估量；无量；不可估量；

(1) This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with bad science.
(2) Fractures of the nose may be associated with septal tractures and hematomas.
(3) These procedures were likely to be associated with complications.

be associated with

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vt.升高一级，升档，迎合（高层次消费者）；
adj.高档的，高收入的，销售对象为高收入者的；

有意要，打算；

和…联系在一起；与…有关；

vt.& vi.即兴创作；临时提供，临时凑成；