基础词汇 : 看单词选词义(考) - 12
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(1) a degree in biology
(2) How far is human nature determined by biology?
(3) the biology of marine animals
biology
[baɪˈɒlədʒi]
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vt.& vi.辩护;保卫;(足球、曲棍球等)防守;进行辩护;
vt.&vi.不信任;怀疑;
n.不信任;
n.生物学;生物;
vt.影响;假装;感动;(疾病)侵袭;
n.感情,情感,心情;[精神病学](表露或觉察到的)情绪反应;
(1) The house was filled with the cello's dismal squeaks and groans.
(2) He fell to the floor with a groan.
(3) She let out a groan of dismay.
groan
[ɡrəun]
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vi.呻吟;发牢骚;抱怨;吱嘎声:因压力而发出声响;
vt.呻吟着说,呻吟着表示;
n.呻吟,叹息;呻吟般的声音;
n.警卫;狱吏,看守;护卫队;防护装置;
vt.保卫,守护;看守;加防护装置;谨慎使用;
vi.警惕;警卫;
n.捆;一批(同类事物或出售的货品);一大笔钱;风趣的人;
vt.& vi.收集,归拢,把…塞入;
vt.额外免费提供(设备等),(尤指出售计算机时)赠送软件;
vi.匆匆送走;推搡;赶;(成群地)匆忙赶往;
n.技工,机修工;
(1) I'd convinced myself (that) I was right.
(2) I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
(3) You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
convince
[kənˈvɪns]
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n.运气;好运;机遇;命运;
vi.交好运,走运;侥幸成功;
vt.使相信,说服,使承认;使明白;使确信;使悔悟,使认错[罪];
vt.& vi.观察;研究;
vt.遵守;观察;庆祝;
vi.注意;说;评述;当观察员;
aux.表示可能;表示许可;表示询问情况;
n.力气;力量;威力;权力;
v.可以;应该;
(1) a strange shapeless garment that had once been a jacket
(2) woollen/winter/outer garments
(3) Many of the garments have the customers' name tags sewn into the linings.
garment
[ˈgɑ:mənt]
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n.衣服;服装;
v.给…穿衣服;
vt.发明,创造;虚构;
vi.跳;冲动的行动;
vt.跳过,跃过;使跳跃;
n.跳跃,飞跃;跳跃的距离;
n.〈古〉方式,方法;本质,天性;同类;某类;
adj.仁慈的,体贴的;友善的,好心的;温和;宽宏大量的;
(1) The crisis had a negative effect on trade.
(2) The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative.
(3) Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.
negative
[ˈnegətɪv]
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n.讨厌,令人讨厌的事物;无聊,无趣;厌倦;
n.市长;镇长;(英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰由议员选举产生的)镇长;(民选的)市长;
adj.消极的,否认的;[数]负的;[心]反抗性的;无预期结果的;
n.否定词语;否定的观点;消极性;[摄]底片;
vt.否定;拒绝;
n.离婚;分离;
vt.与…离婚;分离;
vt.& vi.与(某人)离婚,判(某人)离婚;
(1) brilliant sunshine
(2) brilliant blue eyes
(3) ‘How was it? ’ ‘brilliant! ’
brilliant
[ˈbrɪliənt]
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n.贡献,捐赠,捐助;捐赠,捐助物;投稿,来稿;[军](向占领地人民征收的)军税;
adj.明亮的;<非正式>美好的;闪耀的;才华横溢的;
n.宝石;钻石;
adj.直率的;直接的;
adv.立刻;直率地;
n.直路;
adj.优越的;杰出的;例外的;独特的;
n.超常的学生;
(1) He's always mocking my French accent.
(2) The other children mocked her, laughing behind their hands.
(3) You can mock, but at least I'm willing to have a try!
mock
[mɔk]
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adj.辉煌的;荣誉的;极好的;<口>非常愉快的;
vt.限制;局限于;禁闭;管制;
n.界限,范围;国界;
vt.& vi.愚弄,嘲弄;
vt.使受挫折;不尊重,蔑视;
adj.仿制的;模拟的;虚假的;不诚实的;
n.(英国)模拟考试;
adj.联邦(制)的;同盟的;
n.联邦主义者;同盟盟友;
(1) the cruelties of life
(2) cruelty to animals
(3) The deliberate cruelty of his words cut her like a knife.
cruelty
[ˈkru:əlti]
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adj.不间断的;不停的;多次重复的;频繁的;
n.残忍;残忍的行为;残酷行为;虐待;
n.议会,国会;
vt.& vi.反射(光、热、声或影像);考虑;
vt.反射,反照;表达;显示;折转;
vi.映出;反射;深思熟虑;慎重表达;
(1) They embraced and promised to keep in touch.
(2) She embraced her son warmly.
(3) to embrace democracy/feminism/Islam
embrace
[imˈbreis]
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n.强调;着重;(轮廓、图形等的)鲜明;突出,重读;
vt.自夸,自吹自擂;夸口说;以有…而自豪;自负有;
n.夸口,自负;自负的事物,引以为傲的东西;自夸的话;扬言;
adj.哑的,无说话能力的;不说话的,无声的;沉默的,无言的;口齿不清的,(在政府中)无代言人的,政治上无发言权的;
vt.& vi.拥抱;
vt.包括;包含;接受;信奉;
n.拥抱,怀抱;vt.信奉;接受;等于;
n.接受;信奉;包围;
(1) A simple error of judgement meant that there was not enough food to go around.
(2) a grave error (= a very serious mistake)
(3) a glaring error (= a mistake that is very obvious)
error
[ˈerə(r)]
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vi.摇摆;歪,倾斜;改变;
vt.使前后或来回摇摆;使倾斜;[航海]升起桅杆;
n.摇摆;支配,统治;
adj.相反的;违反的,反对的;对立的;顽固的,任性的;
n.对立或相反的事物;对立方;[逻]反对命题;
adv.相反地,矛盾地;
n.错误,过失;[法]误审,违法;[数]误差;
adj.意识到的;知道的;觉察到的;
(1) The service was a celebration of his life (= praised what he had done in his life) .
(2) birthday/wedding celebrations
(3) Her triumph was a cause for celebration .
celebration
[ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn]
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vt.使枯萎;使畏缩;使衰弱;
vi.凋谢;衰弱;萎缩;
n.条,条款;项目;一则;一件商品(或物品);
adv.又,同上;
vt.把…奉献(给),把…专用(于);奉献;
n.庆祝;庆祝会(仪式);颂扬;
(1) domestically produced goods
(2) The police were called to sort out a domestic.
(3) I'm not a very domestic sort of person.
domestic
[dəˈmestɪk]
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n.洪水;泛滥;溢流;探照灯;
vi.涌出;为水淹没;
vt.淹没;
adj.家庭的,家的;国内的;驯养的;热心家务的;
n.佣人;国货;
n.一步;长度单位;步幅,步调;快步;
vt.踱步,走来走去;步测;调整步调;训练马溜蹄;
vi.踱;溜蹄;
prep.蒙…恩准,怀着对…的敬意;
n.扒手;
(1) I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.
(2) We aren't going for the simple reason that we can't afford it.
(3) She gave no reasons for her decision.
reason
[ˈri:zn]
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n.人;(语法)人称;身体;容貌;
n.理由;原因;理性;理智;
vt.& vi.推理,思考;争辩;辩论;向…解释;
adj.有雾的;雾气朦胧的;模糊的;混乱的;
vt.失去;错过;遗失;耽搁;
vi.损失;输掉;走慢;降低价值;
(1) laws based on the principles of justice
(2) They are demanding equal rights and justice.
(3) Who can deny the justice of their cause?
justice
[ˈdʒʌstɪs]
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vt.以呻吟声说出;悲叹;抱怨;哀悼;
n.呻吟声;悲叹声;(尤指风的)呼啸声;
vi.呻吟;发出呻吟般的凄切声;悲叹;抱怨;
n.正义;公正;法律制裁;审判员,法官;
adj.浅的,肤浅的;表面的,皮毛的;(水,器物等)浅的;(呼吸)浅的;
n.浅处;浅滩;
v.使变浅;使变浅薄;
adj.不可能的,做不到的;难以忍受的;不会有的,不能相信的;
n.不可能;不可能的事;
(1) the Edinburgh festival
(2) the Cannes film festival
(3) a beer festival
festival
[ˈfestɪvl]
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adj.男性的;雄性的;有力的;[植]雄性的,仅有雄蕊的;
n.男;雄性动物;[植]雄性植物;马累[马律];
adj.基本的;初级的;[化]元素的;初等;
adj.镇定的;平静的;(海洋,天气等)安静的,平静的;(人)从容不迫的;
vt.& vi.(使)平静,(使)镇定;(使)镇静;
n.平静;镇定;安定;无风;
vt.使安静;使冷静;使镇定;使(疼痛等)减轻;
vi.安静下来,平静下来,镇静下来;
n.节日;节期;贺宴,会演;
adj.节日的,喜庆的;
(1) The poem contrasts youth and age.
(2) Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
(3) Her actions and her promises contrasted sharply.
contrast
[ˈkɒntrɑ:st]
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n.对比,对照;差异;对照物,对立面;[摄]反差;vi.对比;形成对照;
vt.使对照,使对比;和…形成对照;
n.绝望的;不顾一切拼命;
n.产量;输出;作品;[计]输出信号;
vt.输出;
adj.<贬>(男人)女人气的,女人腔的,外表似女人的;
adv.女人气地,女人腔地;
n.女人气,女人腔;
(1) The costumes are on hire from the local theatre.
(2) The price includes the hire of the hall.
(3) a car hire firm
hire
[ˈhaɪə(r)]
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vt.聘用;录用;雇用;租用;
vi.受雇;得到工作;
n.租金;酬金,工钱;[非正式用语] 被雇佣的人;销售部的两个新雇员;
adj.随之发生的;必然的,合乎逻辑的;继起的;[地]顺向的;
n.结果;[逻]后件,结论;[数]后项;[语](条件结构中的)结果子句;
n.百万富翁;大富翁;大财主;有钱人;
adj.100万以上人口的;
n.钉子;指甲,趾甲;钉状物;纳尔;
vt.钉住;抓住;使固定;揭露;
(1) erroneous conclusions/assumptions
(2) Some people have the erroneous notion that one can contract AIDS by giving blood...
(3) They have arrived at some erroneous conclusions.
erroneous
[ɪˈrəʊniəs]
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n.财产,遗产,房地产;个人财产;不动产权;(较高的)社会地位;
adj.(汽车)连箱的(拥有较长的车身和后门,后座后面有较大的空间);
vi.熔化,溶解;逐渐融合;逐渐消失;感动,软化,感情上变得温和;
vt.熔化,溶解;使混合在一起;逐渐消散;使变得温和或温柔;
adj.错误的;不正确的;秕谬;讹;
n.猫头鹰;惯于晚上活动的人;夜猫子;(像猫头鹰一样)机警的人;
(1) I think we've exhausted that particular topic.
(2) My car needs a new exhaust.
(3) Even a short walk exhausted her.
exhaust
[ɪgˈzɔ:st]
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vt.用尽,耗尽;使精疲力尽;排出;彻底探讨;
vi.排气;
n.(排出的)废气;排出;排气装置;
adj.较年幼的,较年小的;三年级的,低年级的;资历较浅的;后进的;
n.年少者,青少年;晚辈;三年级生;职位较低者;
n.羔羊,小羊;羔羊肉;<宗>耶稣;
vi.生小羊,产羊羔;
vi.跌跌撞撞地走,蹒跚;结巴;弄错,失足;偶然碰见;
n.绊脚,失足;差错,失误;过失,失败;
(1) He stopped to receive hugs and kisses from the fans.
(2) She gave her mother a big hug.
(3) figure-hugging jeans
hug
[hʌg]
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vt.& vi.热烈地拥抱,抱住,紧抱;
vt.紧靠…走;抱有,持有;
n.紧抱,热烈拥抱;
vi.缠紧,缚紧(某物,尤指人体);
n.减少,减小;减少量;
vi.&vt.减少,减小;
v.搜寻,搜索;调查;搜查;探求;
n.搜索;调查;探求;
adj.积极的;确实的,肯定的;[数]正的;[医]阳性的;
n.正面;正片;[语]原级形容词;[数]正量;
(1) a speech defect
(2) a defect in the glass
(3) There have been several defections from the ruling party.
defect
[ˈdi:fekt]
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n.授权证;许可证;正当理由;依据;
vt.保证,担保;授权,批准;辩解;
adj.共有的;共同的;相互的;彼此的;
n.瑕疵,毛病;欠缺,缺点;
vi.叛逃;背叛;
n.特权;(因财富和社会地位而仅有部分人享有的)权益;免责特权;特殊荣幸;
vt.给与…特权,特免;
(1) to jump into the air/over a wall/into the water
(2) ‘Quick, jump! ’ he shouted.
(3) The children were jumping up and down with excitement.
jump
[dʒʌmp]
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vt.跳;跳过;快速移动;(因吃惊、害怕或激动而)猛地一动;
vi.暴涨;跳跃;猛增;
n.猛长,暴涨;(需要跳越的)障碍;跳伞;
vt.加强,增强;增加营养物;使体力增加;鼓励,使(意志等)坚定;
vi.构筑防御工事;
vt.& vi.生产;产生;制作;创作;
vt.制造;出示;引起;[经济学]生利;
n.产品;产量;产额;结果;
n.胡须;[虫]口鬃,[动]颌毛;(牡蛎等的)鳃;[植]芒;
vt.使有胡须(颌毛,芒刺);抓(捋)住…的胡子,拔…的胡子;公然反对,勇敢地对抗;
(1) defective goods
(2) Her hearing was found to be slightly defective.
(3) Her sight was becoming defective...
defective
[dɪˈfektɪv]
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n.(正式的)调查,研究;侦查;科学研究;学术研究;
vt.印;给…以深刻印象;使铭记;
n.印象;印记;
adj.毫无疑问的,确实的;无懈可击的;无可挑剔的;不成问题;
adj.有错误的;有缺陷的,有瑕疵的;[语]变化不全的;智力低于正常的;
n.身心有缺陷的人;变化不全的词;
(1) the metric system of measurement
(2) Accurate measurement is very important in science.
(3) to take sb's chest/waist measurement
measurement
[ˈmeʒəmənt]
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vt.决定;决心;解决;裁决;
vi.决定;下决心;
n.同事;同僚;同行;
n.强制,实施,执行;
n.量度;份量,尺寸;测量法;(量得的)尺寸;
(1) It's easy to make a mistake .
(2) This letter is addressed to someone else─there must be some mistake.
(3) It would be a mistake to ignore his opinion.
mistake
[mɪˈsteɪk]
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vt.公开;揭露;使显露;使暴露;
adj.首要的,主要的;最早的,原始的;[地质学]原生的;基本的;
n.第一位;最好者;要素;候选人提拔会;
adj.感激的,感谢的;令人愉快的;宜人的;荷;
n.错误,过失,误解;差错,口误,笔误;失策,失误;
vt.& vi.弄错,误解;
vt.认不出;误会;看错;
vi.弄错;误解;
(1) former British colonies
(2) the American colony in Paris
(3) an artists' colony
colony
[ˈkɒləni]
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vt.声称;断言;需要;索取;
vi.提出要求;
n.(根据权利而提出的)要求;声称;断言;索赔;
n.侨民;侨居地;聚居地;聚居人群;
vt.营救,救援,使免遭损失;[法律] 非法劫回;
n.营救,救援;营救[救援]行动;
vi.由…组成;在于;符合;
(1) A ship's speed is measured in knots.
(2) a device that measures the level of radiation in the atmosphere
(3) He's gone to be measured for a new suit.
measure
[ˈmeʒə(r)]
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n.测量,测度;措施;程度;尺寸;
vt.测量;估量;
vi.测量;测量(大小,容量,尺寸等);
adj.有偏见的;有偏的;结果偏倚的;
v.使存偏见(bias的过去式和过去分词);
n.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;
vi.感到妒忌;显示出妒忌;
n.目标,目的;球门;终点;得分;
(1) A dolphin leapt out of the water.
(2) We leapt over the stream.
(3) The horse leapt a five-foot wall.
leap
[li:p]
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vi.跳;冲动的行动;
vt.跳过,跃过;使跳跃;
n.跳跃,飞跃;跳跃的距离;
adj.寒冷的;怕冷的;冷淡的,疏远的;使心恐惧的;
n.合作; 协作;协助;配合;
n.地区;某地区的人;与某处邻近的地区;临近街坊;
(1) These risks are incidental to the work of a firefighter.
(2) You'll need money for incidentals such as tips and taxis.
(3) You may be able to get help with incidental expenses (= small costs that you get in connection with sth) .
incidental
[ˌɪnsɪˈdentl]
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vi.表现;举止端正;自然反应;
vt.使守规矩;
vt.& vi.乘;(使)相乘;(使)增加;(使)繁殖;
adv.多样地;复合地;多倍地;[电学]并联地,多路地;
adj.多层的;多样的;多股的;
vt.治愈;矫正;解决;消除;
vi.受治疗;被加工处理;
n.治愈;药物;疗法;措施;
adj.附属的;易发生的,偶然发生的;伴随发生的;
n.附带事件;伴随事件,杂费;非主要的附带项或费用;
(1) The male's yellow beak differentiates it from the female.
(2) It's difficult to differentiate between the two varieties.
(3) I can't differentiate one variety from another.
differentiate
[ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt]
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vt.& vi.怀孕;构思;想像,设想;持有;
vi.怀孕;设想;考虑;
vt.说明;表明;给…加插图;(用示例、图画等)说明;
vi.举例说明;
n.队伍,行列;一列,一排;列队行进;
vi.排队前进或列队而行;
vt.& vi.区分,区别,辨别;
vi.区别对待;
vt.表明…间的差别,构成…间差别的特征;[数学] 求…的微分:计算导数或(函数的)微分;
(1) to guarantee a bank loan
(2) You can guarantee (that) the children will start being naughty as soon as they have to go to bed.
(3) These days getting a degree doesn't guarantee you a job.
guarantee
[ˌgærənˈti:]
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n.保证,担保;保证人,保证书;抵押品;
vt.保证,担保;
adj.鲁莽的,不顾危险的;粗心大意的;满不在乎的;胆大妄为;
vt.预防;阻碍;阻止;[宗教]引领;
vi.阻挠,阻止;
vt.(使)转变;使皈依;兑换,换算;侵占;
vi.经过转变;被改变;[橄榄球] 触地得分后得附加分;
n.皈依者;改变宗教信仰者;
(1) His friend was killed and he knows he is lucky to be alive.
(2) She was lucky enough to be chosen for the team.
(3) You were lucky (that) you spotted the danger in time.
lucky
[ˈlʌki]
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adj.运气好的,侥幸的;兆头好的,吉祥的;〈俚〉难得;很恰当的;
vt.浸没;施浸礼;沉迷…中,陷入;
adj.无辜的,无罪的;清白的;天真无邪的;无知的;
n.无辜者;头脑简单的人;天真无邪的人;
n.抱负;渴望得到的东西;追求的目标;夙愿;
vt.追求;有…野心;
(1) a life assurance company
(2) There was an air of easy assurance and calm about him.
(3) Unemployment seems to be rising, despite repeated assurances to the contrary .
assurance
[əˈʃʊərəns]
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n.保证,担保;(人寿)保险;确信;厚脸皮,无耻;
n.农场主,农民;承包人;
n.洞,孔;洞穴,穴;缺陷;<口>绝境;
vt.& vi.(在…上)打洞或穿孔;
vi.凿洞;(高尔夫球等)进洞;
n.商业,交易;生意;事务,业务;职业,行业;
(1) Her father's death was a cruel blow .
(2) The dog had been cruelly treated.
(3) I was cruelly deceived.
cruel
[kru:əl]
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adj.残酷的,残忍的;使人痛苦的,让人受难的;无情的,严酷的;
adj.神的, 天赐的;极好的;神圣的;
vt.&vi.占卜,预言;猜测, 预测;(用丫形杖)探测(地下水);
n.牧师;神学家;
n.艰难;困苦;艰难情况;造成困苦与苦难的原因;
adj.仁慈的,慈善的;宽恕的,宽厚的;慷慨的;
(1) With (any) luck , we'll be home before dark.
(2) (British English) With a bit of luck , we'll finish on time.
(3) So far I have had no luck with finding a job.
luck
[lʌk]
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n.运气;好运;机遇;命运;
vi.交好运,走运;侥幸成功;
n.失望,扫兴;令人失望的行为(人);
vt.& vi.轻拍,爱抚;拍成,拍至;
n.轻拍;轻拍某物发出的声音;小团,小块;
adj.恰好的,适当的;熟练的;过于巧合的,人为的;快活的,活泼的;
vt.表扬,称赞(某人/自己);
n.花;精华;开花植物;
vi.开花;繁荣;成熟;
vt.使开花;用花装饰;
(1) the structure of the building
(2) changes in the social and economic structure of society
(3) the grammatical structures of a language
structure
[ˈstrʌktʃə(r)]
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n.结构;构造;建筑物;体系;
vt.构成,排列;安排;
n.分,分钟;瞬间,片刻;备忘录;会议记录;
vt.把…记录在案;为…测定时间;adj.极小的;微不足道的;仔细的;
adj.可以吃的,可食用的;
n.食物;
vt.劝阻;劝止;劝戒;
(1) to moan in/with pain
(2) The injured man was lying on the ground, moaning.
(3) ‘I might never see you again, ’ she moaned.
moan
[məun]
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vt.向…欢呼,为…喝采;称赞;欢呼或拥戴(某人)为…;
vi.欢呼,喝采;
n.热烈欢迎或赞同;赞扬;
n.运河,沟渠;管道;气管;食道;
vt.建运河;疏导;
vt.以呻吟声说出;悲叹;抱怨;哀悼;
n.呻吟声;悲叹声;(尤指风的)呼啸声;
vi.呻吟;发出呻吟般的凄切声;悲叹;抱怨;
vt.制造,生产;捏造,虚构;加工;从事制造;
n.制造;制成品,产品;工业,工厂;(文学作品等的)粗制滥造;
(1) the formation of a new government
(2) evidence of recent star formation in the galaxy
(3) rock formations
formation
[fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn]
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n.抢;一阵子,一下工夫;很小的数量;<美俚>诱拐;
vi.作出握住或抢夺的动作;很快接受;
vt.抢夺,夺得;及时救助;[体育运动]举重;
n.形成;构成,结构;形成物;编队,队形;
n.梯子,阶梯;梯状物;途径;(紧身裤袜或长筒袜的)滑丝;
vi.使(袜子)发生抽丝现象;像长筒袜一样抽丝;
adj.卓越的;杰出的;优秀的;高超;
(1) a highly intelligent child
(2) to ask an intelligent question
(3) a search for intelligent life on other planets
intelligent
[ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt]
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n.配对物;副本;相对物;极相似的人或物;
adj.聪明的;理解力强的;有智力的;[计]智能的;
vi.飘动;鼓翼;
vt.& vi.振翼,拍翅膀;烦扰,坐立不安;(旗帜)飘扬;
n.紧张,激动不安;颤振;飘扬;(身体部分的)病态阵跳;
n.政治家;
(1) She loved his brilliance and his generous heart.
(2) It was a performance of incomparable brilliance.
(3) I was totally amazed by the brilliance of her paintings.
brilliance
[ˈbrɪljəns]
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vi.勘查, 探测, 勘探;[医]探查(伤处等),探索,研究;
vt.探索, 探究, 仔细查看;
n.安慰;舒适;使人舒服的事物;给予援助或安慰的人或事;
vt.安慰,使舒适;使(痛苦等)缓和;
n.甲板,舱板;[建]平屋顶,桥面;[铁路]客车车顶;〈俚〉地面;
vt.装饰;给…铺上甲板;打扮;
n.(卓越的)才华;光亮;光辉;光彩;
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