背单词v3

(1) Dave was in a hurry to get back to work.
(2) Patrick often plays up when he knows I'm in a hurry.
(3) Eric left the barge in a hurry.

in a hurry
[in ə ˈhʌri]
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n.激光[镭射]唱片，光盘；

照顾；杀掉；对付；抵消；

在船[火车，飞机，汽车]上；已装船；

立刻；迅速地；急切；乐意地；

(1) the immorality of war
(2) a life of immorality
(3) an immoral act/life/person

immoral
[ɪˈmɒrəl]
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adj.黑暗的，深色的；模糊的；无知的；忧郁的；
n.黑暗；夜；黄昏；模糊；

adv.是；（表示刚想起某事）哦；（表示不相信某人所言）真的吗；（鼓励某人继续讲）往下说；
n.“是”，“行”；同意，答应；肯定的回答；赞成票；

adj.不道德的；邪恶的；猥亵的；悖德；

n.东，东方；东方国家；〈诗〉东风；
adj.东方的，向东方的；从东方来的；
adv.向东方（地）；

(1) We cannot afford to ignore their advice.
(2) She ignored him and carried on with her work.
(3) I made a suggestion but they chose to ignore it.

ignore
[ɪgˈnɔ:(r)]
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v.走错路，误入岐途，（机器等）发生故障；出岔子；出乱子；

n.战争；战争期间；斗争；论战；
vi.进行战斗，作战；同…处于交战状态；

n.啤酒，麦酒；（一般）发酵饮料；[印，纺]比尔；

vt.忽视，不顾；[法律]驳回（诉讼）；

(1) The company's performance was impacted by the high value of the pound.
(2) Her father's death impacted greatly on her childhood years.
(3) The car is fitted with side impact bars (= to protect it from a blow from the side) .

impact
[ˈɪmpækt]
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n.碰撞，冲击，撞击；影响；冲击力；
vt.挤入，压紧；撞击；对…产生影响；
vi.冲撞，冲击；产生影响；

adj.不道德的；邪恶的；猥亵的；悖德；

n.印象，感觉；影响，效果；盖印，印记；

adv.较晚地；以后，过后；后来；随后；
adj.后来的；以后的；接近末期的；晚年的；

(1) We sat waiting impatiently for the movie to start.
(2) [不可数名词]She was bursting with impatience to tell me the news.
(3) impatient of criticism

impatient
[ɪmˈpeɪʃnt]
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n.演员（尤指男演员）；行动者；参与者；

adj.不耐烦的；热切的，渴望的；不能容忍的，恼火的；

n.侍者；服务员；托盘；

n.十年，十年间；十个一组；十年期；

(1) He was impossibly handsome (= it was difficult to believe that he could be so handsome ) .
(2) a virtual impossibility
(3) an impossibly difficult problem (= impossible to solve)

impossible
[ɪmˈpɒsəbl]
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n.轮子；旋转；Wheels 汽车；有…轮子的汽车（或自行车等）；
vi.转动，旋转；突然转变方向；
vt.推；拉（车）；使变换方向；（使）迅速转身；

n.小包；信息包；邮船；大笔款项；
vt.包装，打包；用邮船运送；

vt.& vi.踢；
n.（毒品或酒精的）效力；精力；<非正>极度兴奋；
vi.踢蹬，踢（腿）；
vt.（因干了蠢事、失去良机等）对（自己）生气；体育运动；如足球和橄榄球踢球得分；射门得分；

adj.不可能的，做不到的；难以忍受的；不会有的，不能相信的；
n.不可能；不可能的事；

(1) social/economic ills
(2) Don't speak ill of the dead.
(3) We're wasting valuable time, time we can ill afford.

ill
[ɪl]
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adj.不好的；恶意的；有病的；不吉利的；
adv.坏；不利地；令人不满地；
n.伤害；困难；问题；弊端；

n.道路；方法；方向；某方面；
adv.远远地，大大地；

n.手；协助，帮助；（工具等的）把，柄；掌管；
vt.传递，交给；搀扶；支持；

adj.不可能的，做不到的；难以忍受的；不会有的，不能相信的；
n.不可能；不可能的事；

(1) European civilization was the first to impose itself across the whole world.
(2) Everyone imposes on Dave's good nature.
(3) ‘You must stay for lunch. ’ ‘Well, thanks, but I don't want to impose… ’

impose
[imˈpəuz]
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adj.已婚的；与…结为夫妻的；婚姻的；
n.<非正>已婚的年轻人；
v.（使）结婚( marry的过去式)；娶；嫁；紧密结合的；

n.出租车；滑行；
vi.乘出租车；（指飞机）在地面或水面滑行；
vt.用出租车运送；使滑行；

vt.强加；征税；以…欺骗；
vi.利用；欺骗；施加影响；

注意到；在意；睬；理睬；

(1) The incident illustrates the need for better security measures.
(2) Last year's sales figures are illustrated in Figure 2.
(3) To illustrate my point , let me tell you a little story.

illustrate
[ˈɪləstreɪt]
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n.<美>水龙头；

vt.说明；表明；给…加插图；（用示例、图画等）说明；
vi.举例说明；

adj.快的；走得快；感光快的；紧的；
adv.（比准确的时间或宣布的时间）快；迅速地；紧紧地；彻底地；
vi.禁食，（尤指）斋戒；
n.禁食期，斋戒期；断食，节食；

n.水；雨水；海水；海域；
v.给…浇水；供以水；加水稀释；流泪；

(1) ‘Can we still buy tickets for the concert? ’ ‘I imagine so . ’
(2) I don't imagine (that) they'll refuse.
(3) There's nobody there. You're imagining things .

imagine
[ɪˈmædʒɪn]
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adv.更远地；较远地；在更大程度上；进一步；
adj.更远的；远的( far的比较级)；遥远的；（某方向的）最远的；

n.笑话，玩笑；笑柄，笑料；
vt.& vi.开玩笑；戏弄；闹着玩；说着玩；

n.营地，工地宿舍；阵营（指观点相同且与持不同观点者对立的集团）；兵营；（度假者、旅游者，尤指青少年的）野营地；
vt.& vi.宿营，露营；
adj.夸张的；（男子）女人腔的；陈腐可笑的；（男人或其举止）故意带女子气的；
vi.（尤指在假日）野营；借住；行动矫揉造作；搞同性恋；
vt.使扎营（住宿）；使宿于营中；为…提供住处；临时安顿；

vt.想，设想；想像；料想，猜想；误认为；
vi.想象；猜想，推测；

(1) During that time, she so gained my aunt's confidence that she was put in charge of the domestic staff.
(2) The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper.
(3) He is in charge of the general affairs.

in charge of
[in tʃɑ:dʒ ɔv]
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n.花园，菜园；公园；供应点心的露天设施；大型公共礼堂；
vt.造园，开辟（一小片土地）作为花园；以花园装饰；
vi.从事园艺；
adj.花园的，园艺的；普通的，平凡的；

vt.穿着，戴着；面露；留着（胡须等）；磨损；
vi.耐用；保持不变；磨损，耗损；逐渐或枯燥地通过；
n.穿着；穿戴物，衣物；磨损，穿旧；耐用性；

n.原因；动机；（某种行为、感情等的）理由；缘故；
vt.成为…的原因；导致；引起；使遭受；

主管，负责；照料；

(1) Her tight-fitting dress left nothing to the imagination.
(2) With a little imagination , you could turn this place into a palace.
(3) His writing lacks imagination.

imagination
[ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn]
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n.入口，出口；接近，进入；增长；爆发；
vt.接近，进入；使用，接近，获取；

vt.规定；使明确；精确地解释；画出…的线条；
vi.（给词、短语等）下定义，构成释义；

n.想像，想像力；空想，妄想；想像出来的事物；

adj.地下的；秘密的；先锋派的；隐蔽的；adv.在地下；秘密地，偷偷地；
n.地铁；地下组织或活动；地道；地下；

(1) a ban on the importation of ivory
(2) customs imported from the West
(3) goods imported from Japan into the US

import
[ˈimpɔ:t]
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n.猫；猫科动物；狠毒的女人；爵士乐爱好者；
vt.把（锚）吊放在锚架上；〈俚〉寻欢，宿娼；

na.根据，按照；据…所说；如；比照；

adj.令人满意的，令人满足的；
v.使满意，满足( satisfy的现在分词)；

n.进口，进口商品；输入；重要性；意义；
vt.输入，进口；对…有重大关系；意味着；
vi.具重要性；

(1) She was suitably impressed (= as impressed as sb had hoped) with the painting.
(2) We were all impressed by her enthusiasm.
(3) I must admit I am impressed.

impressed
[ɪmˈprest]
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vt.提供，给予；提出，提议；出价，开价；表示愿意；
vi.提议；企图，想要；供奉；
n.提议；出价，开价；试图；求婚；

adj.印象深刻的；
v.使感动，使印象深刻( impress的过去式和过去分词)；

adj.许多的；诸多；

n.父亲；祖先；（尤指天主教和东正教的）神父；天父；
vt.成为父亲；创立（新思想）；创造；发明（新方法）；

(1) ...those working in the defence industry.
(2) ...future developments in medicine.
(3) ...the most spectacular painting in the collection.

in
[ɪn]
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n.牛仔裤；瘦腿紧身裤；

n.油；石油；油画；燃油；
vt.给…加油；
vi.化成油；

prep.采用（某种方式）；穿着，带着；（表示位置）在…里面，（表示领域，范围）在…以内；（表示品质、能力等）在…之中；
adv.在家；进入，到达；流行；当选；
adj.在内的，朝内的；在位的，执政的；[口语]流行的，时髦的；（车等）到站的；
n.执政党，掌权者；知情者；<美口>入口，门路；<体>（板球或棒球）攻球的一方；

adj.情绪恶劣的，脾气不好的，易怒的；

(1) I was under the impression that the work had already been completed.
(2) Clever lighting creates an impression of space in a room.
(3) He did his impression of Tom Hanks.

impression
[ɪmˈpreʃn]
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vt.& vi.（使）具有资格；有权；达标；
vt.限定，修饰；描述，形容；使合适；证明…合格；
vi.合格或成为合格；取得…的资格；

vi.变化；不同，偏离；[生]变异；
vt.使不同；使多样化；[音乐]变奏；

v.呼唤，喊叫；召唤，叫来，召集；下令，命令；打电话给；
n.喊叫，大声喊；电话联络；必要，理由；要求；

n.印象，感觉；影响，效果；盖印，印记；

(1) "He went back to the lab", Iris exclaimed impatiently.
(2) People have been waiting impatiently for a chance to improve the situation.
(3) "Come on, David," Harry said impatiently.

impatiently
[ɪmˈpeɪʃənlɪ]
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adv.官方地；依据法规等；据传；据公布；

adj.不合法的，违法的；违反规则的；
n.非法移民，非法劳工；间谍；

n.巨人，大汉；巨兽，巨物；卓越人物；
adj.特大的，巨大的；伟大的；

adv.不耐烦地；性急地；焦急地；焦躁地；

(1) Though off-puttingly complicated in detail, local taxes are in essence simple.
(2) It wasn't a spur-of-the-moment decision. We discussed it in detail beforehand.
(3) We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text.

in detail
[in ˈdi:teil]
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n.读者，朗读者；读本；讲读者，讲师；审稿人；

n.六月；[女子名]琼，来源于拉丁语，含义是“年轻气盛的六月”(youthful from the name of the month)；

vi.说，讲；表明，宣称；假设；约莫；
vt.表明；念；说明；比方说；
n.发言权；说话；要说的话；发言权；

详细地；

(1) impressively organized
(2) impressively high
(3) She was very impressive in the interview.

impressive
[ɪmˈpresɪv]
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n.含义；含蓄，含意，言外之意；卷入，牵连，牵涉，纠缠；[逻辑学]蕴涵，蕴含；

adj.给人印象深刻的，感人的；引人注目的；可观的；显赫；

n.机会，时机；场合；理由；需要；
vt.惹起，引起；

n.[通信]网站；

(1) So you wouldn't consider this to be a normal rescue procedure.
(2) Berths on steamships can be booked a long while in advance.
(3) All bookings will be made 3 days in advance.

in advance
[in ədˈvɑ:ns]
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在前头；预先，事先；提前；先期；

adj.能够的；有能力的；有才干的；干练的；

adv.在这里；这时；在这一点上；（给某人东西或指出某物时说）；
n.这里；
int.喂；嗨；

n.辩护；防御；防御工事；后卫；

(1) He died after a long illness.
(2) childhood illnesses
(3) minor/serious illnesses

illness
[ˈɪlnəs]
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n.疾病；某种具体疾病；不健康；

vt.换算；约束；使变为；使变弱；
vi.减少；减轻体重；[生物学]（细胞）减数分裂；（液体）浓缩变稠；

n.特征，特点；容貌，面貌；（期刊的）特辑；故事片；
vt.使有特色；描写…的特征；以…为号召物；
vi.起主要作用；作重要角色；

n.二月；

(1) Troops are still in control of the television and radio tower.
(2) Nobody knows who is in control of the club.
(3) He was drunk and not in control of his faculties.

in control of
[in kənˈtrəul ɔv]
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vt.使惊恐，惊吓；使害怕，使恐惧；把…吓跑；
vi.受惊吓；感到害怕；
n.惊恐，惊吓；恐惧；恐慌；
adj.骇人的，令人恐惧的；引起恐慌的；用以吓唬人的；

adv.控制，管理，掌握；

vt.领导；引导；指挥；
vi.领导；导致；用水砣测深；
n.铅；领导；榜样；枪弹；
adj.领头的；最重要的；领先的；

n.重要性；重要地位，显著；骄傲，自大；

(1) imaginary fears
(2) The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth.
(3) ...creating an imaginary world.

imaginary
[ɪˈmædʒɪnəri]
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进行；变老；上车；对付；

n.紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻；
adj.紧急的，应急的；

adj.想像中的，假想的，虚构的；[数]虚数的；幻；虚幻；

n.上帝，造物主；被极度崇敬的人[物]；男神；戏院顶层楼座观众；
vt.膜拜；崇拜；

(1) The project implies an enormous investment in training.
(2) The fact that she was here implies a degree of interest.
(3) The survey implies (that) more people are moving house than was thought.

imply
[ɪmˈplaɪ]
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adj.一周一次的[地]，每周的；周刊的；
n.周刊，周报；
adv.一星期一次，每周；

vt.& vi暗示；意味；隐含；说明，表明；

n.旅行，旅程行期；历程，过程；
vi.旅行，出游；
vt.在…旅行或旅行到过…；

adj.老式的，过时的；老派的，守旧的；村女蛾眉；陈旧；

(1) I was hungry, and, more importantly, my children were hungry.
(2) This controversy was expected to figure importantly in their discussion.
(3) Air raid wardens in tin hats self - importantly stalked the streets.

importantly
[ɪm'pɔːtntli]
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adv.明辨道理地；合理地；有理性地；相当地；

adv.重要地；

adj.幸福的，幸运的；快乐的，愉快的；巧妙的；〈口〉有点醉意的，飘飘然的；

n.灯，灯泡；照射器；（智慧等的）明灯；电子管；
v.照亮；发亮；看到；

(1) illegal immigrants/aliens
(2) It's illegal to drive through a red light.
(3) an illegally parked car

illegal
[ɪˈli:gl]
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adj.向后的；倒行的；返回的；落后的；
adv.向后；往后；倒；逆；adj.倒行的；返回的；落后的；
adv.往后；倒；逆；

vt.& vi.知道；看到过；听到过；经历过；
vt.认识；确信；认识到；能认出；
n.〈口〉知晓，知情；
vi.拥有知识、理解力或信息；知道，明白；

n.市长；镇长；（英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰由议员选举产生的）镇长；（民选的）市长；

adj.不合法的，违法的；违反规则的；
n.非法移民，非法劳工；间谍；

(1) For use only in case of fire!
(2) He has just installed a safety device for his car in case of break failure.
(3) We were supplied with rubber plugs to stop our ears in case of explosions.

in case of
[in keis ɔv]
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vi.进行；去；说；进展；
vt.发出…声音；变得；成为；处于…状态；
n.（牌戏、下棋等中）轮到的顺序；精力；干劲；（做某事的）尝试；

n.城堡，堡垒；象棋中的车；
vt.把…置于城堡中；（下国际象棋时）用车护（王）；

adj.主要的；重要的；大调的；主修的（课程）；
n.主修科目；大调；陆军少校；成年的；
vi.<美>主修，专攻；[美国英语][教育学]主修(in)；专攻；

万一，如果；防备；

(1) It is illegal for public officials to solicit gifts or money in exchange for favors.
(2) Woollen cloth and timber were sent to Egypt in exchange for linen or papyrus.
(3) Refugees also complain that soldiers steal food and personal property from them and demand bribes in exchange for food or shelter.

in exchange for
[in iksˈtʃeindʒ fɔ:]
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adj.深的；深远的，深奥；重大的，深刻的；强烈的，痛切的，深厚的；
n.深处，深渊；
adv.深深地，深入地；

交换；

vt.增加；补充；附带说明；把…包括在内；
vi.增加；做加法；累积而成；扩大；
n.加法，加法运算；（一篇报道的）补充部分；

vt.& vi.损害，毁坏；
n.损害，损毁；赔偿金；

(1) Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
(2) He impressed on us the need for immediate action.
(3) It impressed me that she remembered my name.

impress
[ɪmˈpres]
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vt.缺少；应该；打算；需要…在场；
vt.& vi.想，要；需要，必要；
n.缺乏；需要的东西；贫穷；贫困；
vi.（警方）通缉；

adj.已占用的，在使用的，无空闲的；
v.占领( occupy的过去式和过去分词 )；使用；使从事；任职；

vt.烤，烘焙；（将某物）烤硬；（变得）灼热，炎热；
vi.烤，烘；烘干；
n.烤，烘焙；烘烤食品；<美>烧烤会餐；

vt.印；给…以深刻印象；使铭记；
n.印象；印记；

(1) She was sitting importantly behind a big desk.
(2) More importantly, can he be trusted?
(3) He likes to feel important.

important
[ɪmˈpɔ:tnt]
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adj.重要的；权威的；有势力的；有地位的；

n.问题；疑问；怀疑；议题；
vt.问（某人）问题；对（某事物）表示[感到]怀疑；

adj.明确的；一定的；肯定；有把握；

n.（实）例，事例；情况，状况；诉讼（事件），案件，判例；容器（箱，盒）；
vt.把…装入箱（或盒等）内；加盖于；包围，围住；[俚语]（尤指盗窃前）探察，侦查，窥测；

(1) in addition, you can a type must have a parameterless constructor.
(2) in addition, some technical problems in the construction and monitoring process are discussed.
(3) in addition to copper, there are many other metals which are good conductors.

in addition
[in əˈdiʃən]
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n.规模；比例（尺）；鱼鳞；级别；
vt.测量；攀登；刮去…的鳞片；
vi.衡量；攀登；（鳞屑）脱落；生水垢；

n.谋杀，杀人；猎物；暴利；
adj.致死的，致命的；令人精疲力尽的；
adv.吸引人地；
v.杀死( kill的现在分词)；使停止[结束，失败]；破坏，减弱，抵消；使痛苦，使受折磨；

n.页；（计算机的）页面；年史；<文>重要事件；
vt.标记…的页数；翻页；喊出名字以寻找；（在公共传呼系统上）呼叫；
vi.翻书页；浏览；

adv.另外；除此之外；并且；况且；

(1) Some of the companies illegally sent the wherewithal for making chemical weapons.
(2) He could face a charge of illegally importing weapons.
(3) We were alleged to have brought goods into the country illegally.

illegally
[ɪˈli:gəlɪ]
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adv.不法地；

生（孩子），生育；引起，产生；娩出；娩；

aux.能；能够；可以；可能；
vt.将…装入密封罐中保存；
n.罐头；（用金属或塑料制作的）容器；（马口铁或其他金属制作的）食品罐头；

adv.几乎；
prep.紧邻；在…近旁；仅次于；紧接；

(1) He abdicated in favour of his son.
(2) A clear majority of voters were in favour of the motion.
(3) His arguments in favour of a new school are very persuasive.

in favour of
[in ˈfeivə ɔv]
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adj.（人或其举止）优美的；漂亮的；简炼的；简洁的；

为…而征战，参加支持…的活动；

n.颜料，涂料；绘画作品；胭脂等化妆品；色彩，装饰；
vt.涂色于；绘画；（用语言，文字等）描写；擦脂粉等；
vi.描绘；绘画；化妆；

n.缺口；分歧；间隔；[植物学]裂；
vt.造成缝隙；使成缺口；使豁裂；
vi.豁开；张开；有缺口；露出裂口；

(1) He's the image of his father.
(2) Slowly, an image began to appear on the screen.
(3) poetic images of the countryside

image
[ˈɪmɪdʒ]
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adv.从不，从来没有；一点也不，决不；<口>不会…吧，没有；不曾；

n.影像；肖像；概念，意向；镜像，映像；
vt.反映；想像；作…的像；象征；

adv.自然地，表现自然地，顺理成章地；合理地，当然，不用说；生来，天然地；自自然然，不做作地；

n.冒险事业；冒险；冒险行动；商业冒险；
vt.冒…的危险；拿…冒险；用…进行投机；以…做赌注；
vi.冒险前进，冒险行事；猜测（常与at连用）；

(1) He stepped in front of her, barring her way.
(2) He tipped the table over in front of him.
(3) He has been brought up not to swear in front of women.

in front of
[in frʌnt ɔv]
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adj.身材高的，高大的；（数量）大的；（俚）过分的，夸张的；
adv.夸大地；趾高气扬地；

n.学期；条款；术语；期限；
vt.把…称为；把…叫做；

在…前面；当着…的面；面前；

n.首都；资本；资源；大写字母；
adj.极好的；最重要的；资本的；首都的；

(1) immediately she'd gone, I remembered her name.
(2) Counselling is being given to those most immediately affected by the tragedy.
(3) the years immediately before the war

immediately
[ɪˈmi:diətli]
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vt.俘获；夺取；夺得；引起（注意、想像、兴趣）；
n.捕获；占领；捕获物；[计算机]捕捉；

n.乘客，旅客；行人，过路人；碍手碍脚的人；

n.事件；（讨论、考虑等的）问题；重要性；物质；
vi.要紧，重要；化脓；有重大影响；有重要性；

adv.立即，马上；直接地；紧接地；
conj.一…就，即刻；

(1) The immediate cause of death is unknown.
(2) He is my immediate superior (= the person directly above me) in the company.
(3) The funeral was attended by her immediate family (= her parents, children, brothers and sisters) only.

immediate
[ɪˈmi:diət]
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adj.妒忌的，妒羡的；猜疑的，留意堤防的；爱惜的，戒备的；精心守护的；

vt.& vi.与…作战；争斗；
n.战争，战役；比赛，较量；长期论战或长期作战；激烈的竞争；

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；目前的，当前的；直觉的；

v.缺乏，缺少(lack的现在分词)；不足；
adj.缺乏的；没有的；不足的；

(1) He was very aware of his own importance (= of his status) .
(2) State your reasons in order of importance .
(3) the relative importance of the two ideas

importance
[ɪmˈpɔ:tns]
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n.重要性；重要地位，显著；骄傲，自大；

n.硕士；主人（尤指男性）；大师；男教师；
vt.精通，熟练；作为主人，做…的主人；征服；使干燥（染过的物品）；
adj.主要的；主人的；精通的，优秀的；原版的；

adj.痛苦的；（肉体）疼的；费力的，（工作）困难的；讨厌的，使人厌烦的；

n.手套；棒球手套；拳击手套；
vt.给…戴手套；用…的手套；

(1) The oboe and the clarinet have got certain features in common.
(2) The word "undertaker" had long been in common usage.
(3) Ideologically, there was nothing in common between them.

in common
[in ˈkɔmən]
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adv.共有；同；

n.认识，识别；承认，认可；褒奖；酬劳；

vt.& vi.（使）腐烂，腐朽；
vi.衰败，衰退，衰落；
n.腐败、衰退的状态；

adj.理想的，完美的；被认为是最好的；完全或相当令人满意的；想象的，假设的；
n.理想；典范，典型；目标，高尚的、有价值的原则或目标；

(1) He resigned after his implication in a sex scandal.
(2) He criticized the Director and, by implication , the whole of the organization.
(3) The implication in his article is that being a housewife is greatly inferior to every other occupation.

implication
[ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn]
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n.滥用；恶习；侮辱；恶言；
vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂；

n.笔，笔尖；笔法，文笔；作家；围栏；
vt.写；把…关入栏中；关押，囚禁；

n.含义；含蓄，含意，言外之意；卷入，牵连，牵涉，纠缠；[逻辑学]蕴涵，蕴含；

adj.不公正的，不公平的；违反规则或准则的；