背单词v3

(1) Do you have to hum so loudly? (= it is annoying)
(2) Of course, it had to start raining as soon as we got to the beach.
(3) This war has got to end soon.

have to
[ˈhæv tə]
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n.蜘蛛网，网状物；[机]万维网；织物；圈套；
vt.在…上织网；用网缠住；使中圈套；形成网状；

adj.年幼的；有朝气的；年轻人的；青年的；
n.年轻人；幼小的动物，崽；

不得不，只好；只得；必须；不得已；

n.无线电；收音机；无线电广播台；无线电收发报机；
vt.& vi.用无线电发送讯息；作无线电广播；用X射线拍照；

(1) Good heavens, what are you doing?
(2) Four tall trees stretched up to the heavens.
(3) The island is truly a heaven on earth .

heaven
[ˈhevn]
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n.蔬菜；植物；生活呆板的人；
adj.蔬菜的；植物的；广泛生长的；

n.天；天堂；上帝；极乐；

adj.共同的，联合的；共享的；两院的；连带的，共同的；
n.[解]关节；接合处；下流场所；一块烤肉（英式英语）；
vt.结合，联合；为…装上接头，使…有接缝；

n.身份；[逻]同一性；个性；[数]恒等（式）；

(1) You can have my ticket...
(2) When the police came, Larry had him by the ear and was beating his head against the pavement.
(3) The bridge is not as impressive as some guides would have you believe...

have
[həv]
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aux.用以构成完成式及完成式的不定式，表示已经…；
vt.有，具有；拿，取得；从事；必须，不得不；
n.〈口〉有产者，有钱人；富国；〈英俚〉欺骗，诈骗；

n.时刻表，进度表；清单，明细表；预定计划；目录；
vt.排定，安排；将…列表；为…作目录；

adj.著名的，出名的；〈古〉一流的，极好的；著称；

n.颜料，涂料；绘画作品；胭脂等化妆品；色彩，装饰；
vt.涂色于；绘画；（用语言，文字等）描写；擦脂粉等；
vi.描绘；绘画；化妆；

(1) He could only understand a word here and there.
(2) I do a bit of teaching here and there...
(3) Instead of staying in the here and now, you bring up similar instances from the past.

here
[hiə]
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v.缺乏，缺少(lack的现在分词)；不足；
adj.缺乏的；没有的；不足的；

adv.在这里；这时；在这一点上；（给某人东西或指出某物时说）；
n.这里；
int.喂；嗨；

adj.联邦（制）的；同盟的；
n.联邦主义者；同盟盟友；

n.父亲；祖先；（尤指天主教和东正教的）神父；天父；
vt.成为父亲；创立（新思想）；创造；发明（新方法）；

(1) The true consequences will only be known several years hence.
(2) We suspect they are trying to hide something, hence the need for an independent inquiry.
(3) ...the much larger peacekeeping force that is meant to be fully deployed five months hence.

hence
[hens]
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adj.新的，崭新的；新鲜的，新到的；现代的；初次（听到）的；
adv.新近，最近；

n.编辑，编者；校订者；[计]编辑软件，编辑程序；

adv.因此，所以；从此；从此处；
int.<诗>去；

n.地图，天体图；类似地图的事物；〈美俚〉脸，面孔；（染色体上基因排列的）遗传图；
vt.绘制（一地区等的）地图；勘查；详细规划；[遗传学]比对；

(1) In the heat of the argument he said a lot of things he regretted later.
(2) In the heat of the moment she forgot what she wanted to say (= because she was so angry or excited) .
(3) The chairman tried to take the heat out of the situation (= to make people calmer) .

heat
[hi:t]
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vt.& vi.关心；担心；在乎；介意；
vt.喜欢，愿意；想要；希望；欲望[后接不定式，常用于否定、疑问及条件句中]；
n.照顾；忧虑；当心；

（要）…而不…，与其…倒不如…；instead of sb/sth 而不是；

adv.非常，在很大程度上；坏，拙劣地；不利地，有害地；

n.热，热度，高温；热烈，激烈；（身体的）发烧，发热；发情；
vt.&vi.使温暖，使热；激发…的感情，使兴奋；

(1) You'll mend. The X-rays show that your arm will heal all right.
(2) The wounds may heal cleanly or they may ooze a clear liquid.
(3) Minor cuts and grazes can usually be left uncovered to heal by themselves.

heal
[hi:l]
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n.袋，囊，枕套；钱包，手提皮包，财富；〈英俚〉大量，很多；
vt.把。。装入袋中，猎获；捕获；得分；抢占；
vi.松散地垂挂；鼓胀；

adj.能干的；有才能的；有才华的；能胜任的；
n.有才能的，能干的；

vt.恢复健康的状态；使恢复正常；使（某人）精神恢复健康；
vi.变得完整和健全；

adj.和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的；

(1) if I were you, Mrs Gretchen, I just wouldn't worry about it...
(2) I am surprised by the fuss she's making. It's not as if my personality has changed.
(3) Asthma drugs are not addictive and you don't need to keep increasing the dose. if anything, the reverse is true.

if
[ɪf]
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adj.粗心的；无忧无虑的；漫不经心的，不介意的；淡漠的；

vt.离开；遗弃；忘了带；交托；
vt.& vi.离去；出发；舍弃；
n.准假；假期；辞别；许可；

adv.有效地；实际上，事实上；

conj.如果，倘若；即使；〈口〉是否；假设；
n.条件，设想；

(1) She helpfully suggested that I try the local library.
(2) The staff couldn't have been more helpful.
(3) I called the police but they weren't very helpful.

helpful
[ˈhelpfl]
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n.熊；（在证券市场等）卖空的人；蛮横的人；
vt.忍受；承担；支撑；生育；
vi.生（孩子）；结（果实）；与…有关；
adj.跌价的；股票行情下跌的；卖空者的；

adj.给予帮助的，有益的；愿意帮忙的；

n.调味汁；酱汁；〈非〉莽撞无礼；〈俚〉烈酒；
vt.调味或加沙司于…；给…增加趣味或风味；〈非〉对…无礼；

adv.一次，一趟；一倍；曾经；一旦；
conj.一旦…就…；一经；
n.一次，一回；

(1) She had moved out of hearing.
(2) I had no reason to believe there was anyone within hearing.
(3) She shouldn't have said such things in your hearing.

hearing
[ˈhɪərɪŋ]
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n.听力，听觉；审问；听力所及的距离，听得见的范围；听证会，〈美〉意见听取会；
v.听到，听见( hear的现在分词)；

n.交易；市集；需求；交易情况，行情；
vt.在市场上出售某物；推销；
vi.<美>去市场买东西；

adj.较低的；下面的；
adv.在下面，在底下；在下面，在下层；
prep.在…之下；在下面；在…下面；在…领导或控制下；
n.下部，底部；

n.健康状况；卫生；保健；昌盛，兴旺；

(1) The Church became increasingly identified with opposition to the regime.
(2) You should not identify wealth with happiness.
(3) He was not the ‘tough guy ’ the public identified him with.

identify
[aɪˈdentɪfaɪ]
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adj.维持生命所必需的；至关重要的；生死攸关的；生气勃勃的；

vt.识别，认出；确定；使参与；把…看成一样；
vi.确定；认同；

n.巨人，大汉；巨兽，巨物；卓越人物；
adj.特大的，巨大的；伟大的；

adj.情绪恶劣的，脾气不好的，易怒的；

(1) my childhood hero
(2) The hero of the novel is a ten-year old boy.
(3) one of the country's national heroes

hero
[ˈhiərəu]
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adj.现实的；[艺] 现实主义的，[哲]实在论（者）的；逼真的；栩栩如生的；

n.细菌(bacterium的名词复数)；

adj.想像中的，假想的，虚构的；[数]虚数的；幻；虚幻；

n.英雄，勇士；男主角；（古代神话中的）神人，半神的勇士；

(1) It's my ideal of what a family home should be.
(2) She found it hard to live up to his high ideals.
(3) political ideals

ideal
[aɪˈdi:əl]
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n.赠品，礼物；天赋；赠送；天资；
vt.赋予；向…赠送；天赋权力（或才能等）；授予；

adj.理想的，完美的；被认为是最好的；完全或相当令人满意的；想象的，假设的；
n.理想；典范，典型；目标，高尚的、有价值的原则或目标；

adv.通常；大体上；一般而言，总的来说；

vt.增加；补充；附带说明；把…包括在内；
vi.增加；做加法；累积而成；扩大；
n.加法，加法运算；（一篇报道的）补充部分；

(1) a friend of hers
(2) The choice was hers.
(3) His eyes met hers.

hers
[hə:z]
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pron.(she的物主代词)她的东西；她的家属[有关的人]；

n.西，西部，西方；
adj.在西方的；西部的；朝西的；（风）来自西面的；
adv.向西，朝西；自西方；向西方；

n.缺口；分歧；间隔；[植物学]裂；
vt.造成缝隙；使成缺口；使豁裂；
vi.豁开；张开；有缺口；露出裂口；

n.契约，协定；交易；特价商品；便宜货；
vt.做交易；
vi.讨价还价；达成协议；

(1) Did you hear that play on the radio last night?
(2) She has been heard to make threats to her former lover.
(3) Didn't you hear what I said?

hear
[hiə]
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vt.& vi.学习，学会；习得；得知；记住；
vt.记住；学习；得知；认识到；
vi.学习；获知；

n.油[水]箱；坦克；贮水池；酒量大的人；
vt.把…贮放在柜内；打败；

vt.& vi.听到，听见；
vt.听说；得知；听取；审理；
vi.听；听见；

adj.不受控制的，不加克制的；无控；无拘束；

(1) Those cops beat the hell out of me.
(2) I patted the top of her head in the condescending way I knew irritated the hell out of her...
(3) I got the hell out of Glasgow and I can honestly say I will never go back.

hell
[hel]
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n.访问者；参观者；游客；候鸟；

n.地狱，阴间；训斥；胡闹，见鬼；苦境，罪恶之地；
vi.过放荡生活；（车辆）急驰，飞驰；
int.该死；见鬼（表示惊奇、烦恼、厌恶、恼怒、失望等）；

n.小路，小巷；航道，空中走廊，规定的单向行车道；车道；[篮球]罚球区；

adj.特别的；详细的；独有的；挑剔的；
n.特色，特点；（可分类，列举的）项目；详细情节，细情，细目；某一事项；

(1) We looked out over the city from the heights of Edinburgh Castle.
(2) a fear of heights
(3) He doesn't have a head for heights (= is afraid of high places) .

height
[haɪt]
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n.六月；[女子名]琼，来源于拉丁语，含义是“年轻气盛的六月”(youthful from the name of the month)；

vt.放弃，抛弃；离弃，丢弃；使屈从；停止进行，终止；
n.放任，放纵；完全屈从于压制；

n.高度，海拔；高地；身高；绝顶，顶点；

adv.小心谨慎地；警惕地；仔细地；周密地；

(1) to eat healthily
(2) a healthy bank balance
(3) a healthy profit

healthy
[ˈhelθi]
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n.影响；效果；印象；所有物；
vt.使发生；引起；产生（效果）；

vt.吸收（液体、气体等）；吸引（注意）；吞并，合并；忍受，承担（费用）；

adj.健康的；健全的；大量的；有益于健康的；

adv.自然地，表现自然地，顺理成章地；合理地，当然，不用说；生来，天然地；自自然然，不做作地；

(1) heating bills
(2) a gas heating system
(3) Who turned the heating off?

heating
[ˈhi:tɪŋ]
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n.暖气装置[设备]；加热，采暖；
v.（使）热( heat的现在分词)；使激动；激发；使兴奋；
adj.加热的；供热的；

adj.电子的；电子操纵的；用电子设备生产的；用电子设备完成的；

adj.不可能的，做不到的；难以忍受的；不会有的，不能相信的；
n.不可能；不可能的事；

vt.取消，注销；抵消，偿还；〈数〉约去；
vi.抵消，中和；
n.撤销，注销；〈数〉（相）约；

(1) We're going to call her Sophie.
(2) Please give her my regards.
(3) The manager will be free soon─you can wait for her here.

her
[hə(r)]
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adv.稍微，有点；相当，颇；宁愿；相反地；
int.当然啦，怎么不；

pron.(she的宾格)她；(she的所有格)她的；她，指某个国家，（一艘）船；

n.牺牲者，受害者；自找苦吃的人；受骗者，上当者；为祭祀杀死的动物（或人）；

adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚；严厉地，粗鲁地；

(1) There's a close identity between fans and their team.
(2) an identity of interests
(3) a plan to strengthen the corporate identity of the company

identity
[aɪˈdentəti]
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n.缺席，缺勤；缺乏，缺少，无；心不在焉，不注意；

n.损害；伤害；危害；
vt.伤害；损害；危害；

n.身份；[逻]同一性；个性；[数]恒等（式）；

被…绊倒；意外地从…上跌落；落在…之外；迫不及待做某事；

(1) He spoke fluently and without unnecessary hesitations.
(2) I have no hesitation in recommending her for the job.
(3) [不可数名词, 可数名词]She agreed without the slightest hesitation .

hesitate
[ˈhezɪteɪt]
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adj.不幸的，悲惨的；不快乐的；不恰当的；不凑巧的；

vi.犹豫，踌躇；不愿；支吾；停顿；
vt.对…犹豫；不情愿；

n.洗涤；洗涤剂；正在洗或待洗的衣服；洗下的污垢；
adj.洗涤用的；清洗用的；
v.wash的现在分词；

adv.控制，管理，掌握；

(1) All this equipment has received international acclaim from the specialist hi-fi press.
(2) hi! How are you doing?
(3) hi, guys. How are you doing?

hi
[haɪ]
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n.车辆；交通工具；传播媒介，媒介物；[药]赋形剂；

vt.想像；设想；想要；猜想；
n.设想；想像力；爱好；怪想；
adj.（构思者）奇特的；昂贵的；（价格等）高价的；[美国俚语]真棒；
vi.想象，幻想；

int.（用作问候语）嘿，喂；
abbr夏威夷群岛的书面缩写；(=high intensity)高强度；

adj.危险的；

(1) Cinderella on ice
(2) We've had to put our plans on ice for the time being.
(3) His excuses cut no ice with me.

ice
[aɪs]
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adv.完美地；理想地；观念上地；理论上地；

n.理由；原因；理性；理智；
vt.& vi.推理，思考；争辩；辩论；向…解释；

n.胜利；克服；成功；

n.冰；雪糕；冷淡；冰状物；
vt.& vi.（使）结冰；
vt.结冰；冰镇；
vi.结冰；
adj.冰的；

(1) hate mail (= letters containing cruel comments)
(2) a hate campaign (= cruel comments made about sb over a period of time in order to damage their reputation)
(3) a look of hate

hate
[heɪt]
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vt.仇恨，憎恨；厌恶；对…感到不喜欢或讨厌；
vi.恨；
n.强烈的仇恨或厌恶，恨；仇恨或讨厌的对象；

n.（实）例，事例；情况，状况；诉讼（事件），案件，判例；容器（箱，盒）；
vt.把…装入箱（或盒等）内；加盖于；包围，围住；[俚语]（尤指盗窃前）探察，侦查，窥测；

n.季节，季；时期；活动期，时令；暂时；
vt.使适应，使适用；调味；
vt.& vi.使变干燥；

n.入口，出口；接近，进入；增长；爆发；
vt.接近，进入；使用，接近，获取；

(1) My brother is much heavier than me.
(2) She was struggling with a heavy suitcase.
(3) They had employed heavies to evict shop squatters from neighbouring sites.

heavy
[ˈhevi]
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adj.重的，沉重的；大量的，浓密的；激烈的；重型的；
n.重物；庄重的角色；
adv.密集地；大量地；笨重地；

n.汽油；

adj.一半的，半个的；
n.半；一半；（啤酒等饮料的）半品脱；（比赛、音乐会等的）半场；
adv.一半；部份地；

adv.刚才；仅仅，只是；正好；刚要；
adj.公正的，合理的；恰当的；合法的；正确的；

(1) a heavily loaded van
(2) The burden of guilt weighed heavily on his mind.
(3) He sighed heavily.

heavily
[ˈhevɪli]
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adj.不能的，不会的；无能力的，不熟练的；不能胜任的；〈罕，诗〉弱，无力的；

adj.坏的，不好的；严重的；不舒服的；低劣的，有害的；
n.坏人，坏事；
adv.不好地，非常地；

n.得分，得分记录；[乐]总谱，乐谱；计算，百分数，成份；论点，理由，缘故，根据；
vt.& vi.得分；获胜，成功；
vi.记分；刻痕；勾引，成功地用性勾引某人；走私；
vt.记下（欠账）；评分；分值是；牢记…的宿怨；

adv.严重地，大量地；沉重地，沉闷地；猛烈地；

(1) Colin had been put into a bath and been scrubbed from head to foot.
(2) Living with my parents is doing my head in.
(3) Ethiopia, for instance uses the equivalent of just twenty kilos of oil per head a year.

head
[hed]
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n.上端；头脑；头部；首脑，首长；
vt.用头顶；前进；作为…的首领；站在…的前头；
vi.朝…行进；出发；向…方向移动；船驶往；
adj.头的；在前头的；首要的；在顶端的；

n.领袖，领导者；负责人；指挥者；领唱者；

vt.穿着，戴着；面露；留着（胡须等）；磨损；
vi.耐用；保持不变；磨损，耗损；逐渐或枯燥地通过；
n.穿着；穿戴物，衣物；磨损，穿旧；耐用性；

adj.不幸的，倒霉的；不吉利的；不成功的；可惜的，可叹的；
n.不幸的人；

(1) the health of your marriage/finances
(2) health and safety regulations (= laws that protect the health of people at work)
(3) health insurance

health
[helθ]
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adv.较晚地；以后，过后；后来；随后；
adj.后来的；以后的；接近末期的；晚年的；

n.（工人间的）伙伴，同事，老兄，老弟〔工人，水手间的亲密称呼〕；配偶〔男女任何一方〕，动物之偶（尤指鸟类），（一对中的）一只，配对物；[医学]（军医等的）助手；[航海]（商船的）大副，驾驶员；
vt.& vi.（使）成为配偶；（使）交配；（一对动物或鸟）交配；交尾(~ with sth)；

adj.令人满意的，令人满足的；
v.使满意，满足( satisfy的现在分词)；

n.健康状况；卫生；保健；昌盛，兴旺；

(1) She wants a room all to herself.
(2) She runs the business by herself.
(3) She lives by herself.

herself
[hɜ:ˈself]
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pron.（反身代词）她自己；（用以加强语气）她亲自，她本人；

n.出租车；滑行；
vi.乘出租车；（指飞机）在地面或水面滑行；
vt.用出租车运送；使滑行；

adv.( yes的俗音)；（用于表示对后说的话不相信）；（用于作出回应）哦；是；

adj.国家的；国有的；国民的；民族主义的；
n.[常用复数]全国性比赛；某国国民；全国性报刊；（机构等的）全国总部；

(1) The real headache will be getting the bank to lend you the money.
(2) I have a splitting headache (= a very bad one) .
(3) Red wine gives me a headache.

headache
[ˈhedeɪk]
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n.键盘；琴键；电子琴；
vt.用键盘输入；用键盘式排字机排字；
vi.用键盘进行操作；作键盘式排字机排字；

n.头痛；令人头痛的事；

adv.偶尔，间或；“occasional”的派生；时；

vt.支撑；携带；输送；运载；
vt.& vi.运送；搬运；具有；
vi.（文学、戏剧等）对读者；扔（或踢）到…距离；（马等）具有某种姿势；传得很远；
n.（枪炮、火箭等的）射程；运输，运送；

(1) I'm like, ‘hello! Did you even listen? ’
(2) hello? You didn't really mean that, did you?
(3) hello, hello, what's going on here?

hello
[heˈləu]
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adv.明辨道理地；合理地；有理性地；相当地；

adv.实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎；无形中；无形；

int.哈喽，喂；你好，您好；表示问候；打招呼；
n.“喂”的招呼声或问候声；
vi.喊“喂”；

n.用具，装备；索具；阻挡；阻截队员；
vt.着手处理；[橄榄球]擒住并摔倒（一名对方球员）；给（马）配上挽具；
vi.擒住并摔倒一名对手；

(1) The boat heeled over in the strong wind.
(2) News of rising unemployment followed hard on the heels of falling export figures.
(3) He fled from the stadium with the police at his heels.

heel
[hi:l]
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n.资料，材料；datum的复数；[计算机]数据，资料；从科学实验中提取的价值；

n.脚后跟，踵；（鞋、袜等的后跟）；（四足动物的）后脚；踵状物；
vt.& vi.（使）倾斜；
vt.给（鞋等）修理后跟；

n.鸡蛋，蛋；卵；<俚>家伙；
vt.煽动，怂恿；用蛋烹调；<俚>向人扔鸡蛋；

adv.严重地，大量地；沉重地，沉闷地；猛烈地；

(1) My heart was in my mouth when I walked into her office.
(2) He appealed to his countrymen not to lose heart.
(3) I tried to learn some lines but my heart wasn't really in it.

heart
[hɑ:t]
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n.事实，实情；实际；真相，证据；犯罪行为；

adj.全球的，全球性的，有关全球大局的；全面的，整体的，全局的；球形的，球状的，球面的，球体的；[计]全程的；

n.心，心脏；感情；要点；胸部；
vt.鼓励；激励；
vi.结心；

vt.& vi.懂，理解；
vt.了解；默认；听说；领会；

(1) Who wants an ice cream?
(2) Desserts are served with cream or ice cream.
(3) They stuffed themselves with ice creams, chocolate and lollies.

ice cream
[ais kri:m]
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n.幸福；高兴；恰当；合适；

n.冰淇淋；

adj.高兴的；欣喜的；
v.使高兴；使欣喜( delight的过去式和过去分词)；

n.电梯；升降机（美）；谷仓；

(1) a he-goat
(2) What a nice dog─is it a he or a she?
(3) Every child needs to know that he is loved.

he
[hi]
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n.栅栏，篱笆；围墙；防护物；剑术；
vt.用篱笆围住；防护；练习剑术；
vi.练习击剑；搪塞；围以栅栏；跳过栅栏；

n.小路，路；路线，路程；〈比喻〉（人生的）道路；（思想，行为，生活的）途径；

pron.他，它；一个人；
n.雄性动物；

adj.对…有害的；能造成损害的；不利；不良；

(1) It helped being able to talk about it.
(2) She helped (to) organize the party.
(3) Come and help me lift this box.

help
[help]
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n.反应；反作用力；反动；保守；

adj.不舒服的；令人不舒服的；不自在的；不安的；

vt.& vi.帮助；有助于，有利于；
vt.治疗；避免；招待（客人）；给…盛（饭、菜）；
n.帮助；助手；补救办法；有用；
vi.（在餐桌旁）招待，侍应，作仆人（或店员、服务员等）；
int.[呼救语]救命！；

n.减少；降低；[数学]约简；[摄影术]减薄；

(1) She doesn't seem to have any idea of what I'm talking about.
(2) I had some idea of what the job would be like.
(3) The brochure should give you a good idea of the hotel.

idea
[aɪˈdɪə]
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adj.古怪的；奇数的；剩余的；临时的；
n.奇特的事物；怪人；[高尔夫球]多于对方的一次击球；

n.主意，想法；[哲]理念，观念；[乐]乐句；模糊想法；

n.海滩，海滨；岸上的沙子和卵石；
vt.将…拖上岸；将滑艇拖到小屋前面的岸边；

vt.做，制造；生产，制定；使成为；使产生；
vi.开始；尝试；行进；增大；
n.制造；生产量；性格；形状，样式；

(1) The General is ideally qualified for the job.
(2) The hotel is ideally situated for country walks.
(3) They were an extremely happy couple, ideally suited.

ideally
[aɪˈdi:əli:]
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adj.仔细的，小心的；周到的；慎；心细；

n.头痛；令人头痛的事；

adv.完美地；理想地；观念上地；理论上地；

n.想像，想像力；空想，妄想；想像出来的事物；

(1) The debate simply revived old hatreds.
(2) racial hatred (= between people from different races)
(3) a profound hatred of war

hatred
[ˈheɪtrɪd]
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vt.谢谢，感谢；责怪，把…归于；
n.感谢，谢谢，道谢的话；

n.情感，感情；情绪；感动，激动；

n.仇恨，憎恶；敌意；

n.窘迫；难堪；令人难堪或耻辱的事；