基础词汇 :
看单词选词义(考) - 10
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(1) a substantial/significant portion of the population
(2) Only a small portion of the budget is spent on books.
(3) The central portion of the bridge collapsed.
portion[ˈpɔ:ʃən]
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n.一部分;一份遗产(或赠与的财产);嫁妆;分得的财产;
vt.把…分成份额;分配;把…分给(to);命运注定;
n.财产,财富;富豪(阶级);丰富,大量;繁荣;
vt.耕作,种植;教养,栽培;改善;交朋友;
vi.一瞥;闪微光;掠过,擦过;随便提到,简略地触及;
n.浏览;闪光;歪斜,一掠;
(1) Radios are not permitted in the library.
(2) There are fines for exceeding permitted levels of noise pollution.
(3) We were not permitted any contact with each other.
permit[pəˈmɪt]
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vt.许可,准许;默许,放任;允许,容许;
vi.许可,允许;
n.许可,准许;许可证,执照;
n.著作家;作者;创造者;发起人;
vt.创作出版;n.作者;创造者;发起人;
n.特异景象;幽灵;鬼;(特异景象等的)出现;
vi.不同,相异;不同意,意见相左;争吵;
(1) a funeral procession
(2) a torchlight procession
(3) The procession made its way down the hill.
procession[prəˈseʃn]
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n.队伍,行列;一列,一排;列队行进;
vi.排队前进或列队而行;
n.拳,拳头;〈口〉笔迹;掌握;[印]指标参见号;
vt.紧握;握成拳;用拳打;
n.参考;参考书;提及,涉及;证明人,介绍人;
v.引用;参照;
vt.欠…债;感激;应归功于;怀有情感;
(1) She was condemned to hang for killing her husband.
(2) They were condemned to a life of hardship.
(3) He was condemned to spend the rest of the football season on the bench.
condemn[kənˈdem]
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n.宝石,珍宝;精华,佳作;受人重视者;[印]四点活字;
v.点缀;用宝石装饰;饰以宝石;
adj.最佳品质的;
vt.(通常因道义上的原因而)谴责;宣判;宣布…不能使用;迫使…陷于不幸的境地;
n.猫头鹰;惯于晚上活动的人;夜猫子;(像猫头鹰一样)机警的人;
vt.& vi.溢出;泼出;涌出;蜂拥而出;
vt.使跌落;泄露机密;
n.洒出(量);泼出(量);溢出(量);小塞子;
(1) junior employees
(2) She is junior to me.
(3) the world junior tennis championships
junior[ˈdʒu:niə(r)]
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n.衣服;装饰;连衣裙;礼服;
vt.& vi.给…穿衣;穿着;打扮;
adj.连衣裙的;须穿礼服的;适合于正式场合的;办公时(或半正式场合)穿戴的;
vt.给…穿衣;给…提供衣服;装潢,装饰或装点;排成列;
vi.穿衣;排列整齐;
adj.妒忌的,妒羡的;猜疑的,留意堤防的;爱惜的,戒备的;精心守护的;
adj.较年幼的,较年小的;三年级的,低年级的;资历较浅的;后进的;
n.年少者,青少年;晚辈;三年级生;职位较低者;
vi.合作,配合,协助;
v.合群;互助;结合;
(1) Answers are given on the opposite page.
(2) We live further down on the opposite side of the road.
(3) It's not easy having a relationship when you live at opposite ends of the country.
opposite[ˈɔpəzit]
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n.锚;锚状物;靠山;压阵队员;
vt.抛锚,抛锚泊船;使固定,使稳固;使稳定;在…任节目主持人;
vi.抛锚,停泊;固定;[体]任主要运动员;主持节目;
adj.最后一棒的,末捧的;
adj.间接的;不直截了当的;闪烁其词的;不坦率的;
adj.相对的;对面的;对立的;[数学](顶、边等)对的;
prep.(表示位置)在…的对面;[数学](顶、边等)对的;与…在一排;(表示方式)与…联合主演;
adv.在对面,对过;
n.对立面,对立物,相反的人[事物];
n.大树枝;
(1) a herd of cattle
(2) twenty head of cattle (= twenty cows)
(3) dairy/beef cattle
cattle[ˈkætl]
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n.宽慰,安心;免除,减轻;救援物资;代班人;
n.人;(语法)人称;身体;容貌;
n.决心;决定,确定;[物]测定,计算;
n.(总称)牛,牲口;畜生;无价值的人;〈美俚〉女学生;
(1) My doctor has forbidden me sugar.
(2) Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.
(3) ‘Maybe you'll end up as a lawyer, like me. ’ ‘God forbid! ’
forbid[fəˈbɪd]
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vt.禁止;阻止;阻碍;妨碍;
vt.& vi.(使)变暗;(使)模糊;
vt.宽恕;原谅;赦免;劳驾;
n.饶恕,原谅;赦免;[宗]免罪符;
int.(用于请求别人重复某事)什么,请再说一遍;
vt.& vi.消化;整理;
vt.吸收;领悟;玩味;
vi.消化;吸收食物;[化学]加热;
n.文摘;摘要;法律汇编;罗马法典;
(1) a black dog with a white patch on its back
(2) a bald patch on the top of his head
(3) damp patches on the wall
patch[pætʃ]
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n.量度;份量,尺寸;测量法;(量得的)尺寸;
adj.率直的,坦白的;公正的;偷拍的;
n.补丁,补片;碎片,碎屑;(文章的)一段;斑点;
vt.修补,拼凑;暂时遮掩一下;修理,平息(吵架等);用美人斑装饰(脸);
vi.打补丁;
n.专家,能手;权威;行家,高手;熟练者;
adj.专家的;(技术)熟练的;老手;需要专门知识(或技术)的;
vt.以专家身份研究(或检查),像专家那样研究(或检查);由专家审读(书籍等);
vi.做专家工作,担任专家,成为高手(或能手);
(1) a neat desk
(2) neat handwriting
(3) neat rows of books
neat[ni:t]
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n.吸引;[物]引力;魅力;引人注意的东西,有趣的东西;
n.耐久(力),持久(力);忍耐,忍耐力;
n.不足,缺点;缺少;缺少量;不足额;
adj.整洁的,干净的;灵巧的;匀整的;未搀水的;
(1) He defeated the champion in three sets.
(2) a defeated army
(3) The instruction manual completely defeated me.
defeat[dɪˈfi:t]
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vt.& vi.咀嚼,咬;深思,考虑;
n.咀嚼;咀嚼物;
vt.击败,战胜;挫败;[法]宣告无效,作废;
n.战胜;失败;[法]废除;
vt.& vi.使满意,满足;
vt.使确信;符合,达到(要求、规定、标准等);消除;履行;
vi.使满足或足够;使满意;
n.罐;一罐;(某种用途的)容器;陶盆;
vt.把…栽入盆中;种盆栽;台球、普尔和斯诺克击(球)入袋;射杀;
vi.随手射击;
(1) the person with overall responsibility for the project
(2) There will be winners in each of three age groups, and one overall winner .
(3) an overall improvement in standards of living (= affecting everyone)
overall[ˌəʊvərˈɔ:l]
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vt.恢复健康的状态;使恢复正常;使(某人)精神恢复健康;
vi.变得完整和健全;
vt.& vi.引导;带领;控制;传导;
vt.组织;安排;实施;执行;
adj.指挥,带领,护送;
vi.(在乐队里)当指挥;(在公共电汽车或火车上)当售票员;指路;n.举止;行为;管理(方式);实施(方式);
adj.全部的;全体的;一切在内的;综合的;
adv.全面地;总地;总的说来;
n.工装裤;罩衫;〈英〉(军官的)紧身军裤;
vt.忽视,忽略;瞭望;检查;远眺;
n.从高处眺望到的景色;忽视,忽略;可眺望四周的高地;
(1) a law prohibiting the sale of alcohol
(2) Soviet citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad.
(3) The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport.
prohibit[prəˈhɪbɪt]
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vi.存放;暂住;埋入;(权利、权威等)归属;
vt.提出(报告、要求、申诉等);容纳;寄存;把(权利、权威等)授予;
n.<古>小屋,草屋;(北美印第安人的)帐篷;(森林、猎场等的)看守小屋;(学校、工厂等的)传达室;
n.告别,欢送;欢送会;告别辞;
int.再见,再会;一路平安;
adj.告别的,送行的;
vi.凝视;盯着看;隐退,若隐若现;同等,比得上;
n.同辈,同等的人;贵族;同伴,伙伴;
adj.贵族的;(年龄、地位等)同等的;相匹敌的;
vt.禁止,阻止,防止;不准许;
(1) the lower deck of a ship
(2) His lower lip trembled.
(3) the mountain's lower slopes
lower[ˈlaʊə(r)]
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adj.正直的;正义的;公正的;
adj.下方的;在底部的;较低级的;
v.降低;减少;缩小;
n.要求;需要;所请求的事物;申请书;
vt.(下级对上级的)请求;请求得到;索取;邀请[常接不定式或从句];
vt.& vi.热烈地拥抱,抱住,紧抱;
vt.紧靠…走;抱有,持有;
n.紧抱,热烈拥抱;
vi.缠紧,缚紧(某物,尤指人体);
(1) Her trust in him was unfounded.
(2) a partnership based on trust
(3) It has taken years to earn their trust .
trust[trʌst]
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vt.创造,创作;产生;封爵,把…封为(贵族);
vi.[英][俚]大发脾气,大发牢骚;
n.延迟,拖延;耽搁;被耽搁或推迟的时间;
vt.延期,推迟;耽搁;
vi.延缓,延期;
n.实验,试验;尝试;
vi.做实验,进行试验;尝试;
n.信任;信托;照管;受托基金机构;
vt.& vi.相信, 信任;
vt.对…有信心,依赖于;盼望,自信地期待,设想;相信;让他人照管,托管;
(1) the role of the teacher in the classroom
(2) She refused to take on the traditional woman's role.
(3) In many marriages there has been a complete role reversal (= change of roles) with the man staying at home and the woman going out to work.
role[rəul]
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n.作用;地位;角色;
vt.陈列,展览;呈现;证明;[法]提交证据;
vi.公开展览某物;展出;
n.展览,陈列;展览品;公开展示;[法]证据;
n.仙女;小仙子;小精灵;
adj.美丽的,可爱的;仙女似的;
vt.要求,请求;需要;[法]召唤;询问,盘问;
n.需求;需要;要求,请求;销路;
vi.需要;请求;查问;
(1) If you don't do it now, you'll only regret it .
(2) The decision could be one he lives to regret .
(3) ‘I've had a wonderful life, ’ she said, ‘I don't regret a thing. ’
regret[rɪˈgret]
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vt.后悔,悔恨;遗憾,抱歉;悼念,哀悼;
vi.感到后悔,感到抱歉;
n.遗憾,惋惜;后悔,悔恨;哀悼;
vt.讨论,谈论;论述,详述;商量;
vt.评价;求…的值(或数);对…评价;[数学、逻辑学]求…的数值;
vi.评价,估价;
n.角,触角;号角,喇叭;角质;角状物;
vi.不请自来;闯入;
(1) Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.
(2) We are looking for people who would be willing to assist in the group's work.
(3) activities that will assist the decision-making process
assist[əˈsɪst]
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n.帮助;援助;机器助手;辅助装置;
vt.帮助;援助;帮助某人做某事;搀扶(某人)上下车;
vi.援助;出席;参加;
n.机会;适当的时机良机;有利的环境,条件;
n.公鸡;[美]狂妄自负的人,好斗者;
adj.小心的,谨慎的;兢;恮;持重;
(1) a crude drawing of a face
(2) crude jokes/language
(3) crude oil/metal
crude[kru:d]
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adj.谦虚的,谦逊的;适度的,适中的;端庄的;羞怯的;
vt.(使)转变;使皈依;兑换,换算;侵占;
vi.经过转变;被改变;[橄榄球] 触地得分后得附加分;
n.皈依者;改变宗教信仰者;
adj.粗糙的,粗杂的;粗鲁的;天然的,未加工的;简陋的;
n.原[生]材料,天然物质;原油;
n.说明;例证;图解;插图;
(1) a leaking pipe
(2) The roof was leaking.
(3) The tank had leaked a small amount of water.
leak[li:k]
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vt.& vi.贡献出;捐赠(款项);投稿(给杂志等);出力;vt.& vi.捐助;撰稿;投稿;
vt.增加,增进,添加(到某物);
n.估计,预测;报价,预算书;评价,判断;
vt.估计,估算;评价,评论;估量,估价;
vt.陈设,布置;提供,供应;装修(房屋);
vi.漏出;透露;(指消息,秘密等)泄密;漏电,漏水;
vt.使泄露;<非正式> 擅自公开;
n.泄漏,漏洞;裂缝;漏出物;(俚语)撒尿;
(1) The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.
(2) How much memory does the program occupy?
(3) Administrative work occupies half of my time.
occupy[ˈɒkjupaɪ]
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n.胡椒;辣椒;胡椒粉;
vt.在…上撒胡椒粉;使布满;
vt.占领;使用,住在…;使从事,使忙碌;任职;
n.价值,优点;[宗教](行善得到的)功德;功绩,功勋;荣誉;
vt.值得,应获得;[宗教](因行善而)应得(善报);
vi.值得,应得;[宗教]积德;
n.多数;(获胜的)票数;成年;法定年龄;
(1) Please state your name, age and occupation below.
(2) Her main occupation seems to be shopping.
(3) the Roman occupation of Britain
occupation[ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn]
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n.回声,共鸣;(言语、作风、思想等的)重复;重复者;[无线电]回波;
vt.重复,效仿;随声附和;类似;发射(声音等);
vi.被重复;产生回响;充满回声;
vt.使免除,豁免;
adj.被免除的,被豁免的;
n.被免除(义务,责任)的人;免税人;
vt.鼓励,鼓舞;支持;促进;鼓动;
n.职业,工作;占有,占领;(土地、房屋、建筑等的)使用;
(1) ‘Does he still work there? ’ ‘I believe so/not . ’
(2) Three sailors are missing, believed drowned.
(3) believe me, she's not right for you.
believe[bɪˈli:v]
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v信任;料想;笃信宗教;
vt.相信;以为,认为;对…信以为真;信任;
vt.使失望;使破灭,使落空;
vi.使失望;
adj.致命的;不共戴天的;终有一死的;极度的;
n.凡人,人类;
vt.广播;播放;使广为人知;尤指用手播(种);
vi.播放节目;参加电台、电视节目的演出;发送传递信号,传播;
n.广播;电台、电视节目;播放时间;播种;
adj.广播的;播音的;广泛散布的;
(1) ...the heavy clay soils of Cambridgeshire...
(2) As the wheel turned, the potter shaped and squeezed the lump of clay into a graceful shape.
(3) Most tennis is played on hard courts, but a substantial amount is played on clay...
clay[klei]
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vt.释放;放开;发布;发行;
n.释放,排放,解除;释放令;公映的新影片,发布的新闻[消息];
n.黏土,泥土;(相对于灵魂而言的)人体,肉体;似黏土的东西;克莱(男子名, Clayton 的昵称);
vt.用黏土处理;[人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 克莱地貌名称,或职业名称,黏土坑工人,来源于古英语,含义是“黏土”(clay);[男子名] 克莱 Clayton的昵称;[地名] [美国] 克莱;
vt.容忍,忍受;
n.小溪;
vt.允许;承认;给予;准许(做某事);
vi.容许;考虑;
(1) a family quarrel
(2) He did not mention the quarrel with his wife.
(3) They had a quarrel about money.
quarrel[ˈkwɒrəl]
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vt.& vi.(把…)联系起来;讲,叙述(故事等);
vt.讲述,叙述;使…有联系;建立或展示联系;
vi.有联系;涉及;符合;发生共鸣;
n.争吵,口角;反目;抱怨…的原因(理由);[史]方镞箭,角镞箭;
vi.争辩,争吵;不同意;挑剔;责备,埋怨;
n.技工,机修工;
n.扒手;
(1) a climate of mistrust and fear
(2) She has a deep mistrust of strangers.
(3) Some people are very mistrustful of computers.
mistrust[ˌmɪsˈtrʌst]
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v.抵抗,抗拒;忍耐;反对,抵制;
n.防染剂;防腐剂;
adj.全部的;整个的;全体的;囫囵;
vt.显露;揭露;泄露;[神]启示;
n.揭示,展现;[建]门侧,窗侧;
vt.&vi.不信任;怀疑;
n.不信任;
(1) a memorable phrase
(2) She was, in her own favourite phrase, ‘a woman without a past ’.
(3) a carefully phrased remark
phrase[freɪz]
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n.<语>短语;成语;说法;乐句;
vt.叙述,措词;
vt.& vi.划分乐句,分乐节(尤指为奏乐或歌唱);
adj.宽的;普遍的;广阔的;张大的,开得很大的;
adv.广泛地;充分地;广阔地;
n.广大的世界;[板]歪球;
n.曲调,曲子;和谐,调谐;语调;心情;
vt.调整;使和谐,使一致;调整(频率);为…调音;
vi.协调;[无线]调谐;
n.州长;执行吏;治安官;
(1) I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.
(2) I've reserved a room in the name of Jones.
(3) These seats are reserved for special guests.
reserve[riˈzə:v]
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vt.犯罪,做错事;把…托付给;保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等);承诺,使…承担义务;
n.短处,缺点;
n.保存,储备,储存;[商]准备金,公积金;预备品;储藏量;
vt.储备;保留;预约;
vi.预订;
adj.保留的;预备的;
n.黎明,黄昏,暮光;暮年,晚期,晚年;衰退期,没落时期;<电影>暮光之城;
(1) I would not presume to censure Osborne for hating his mother.
(2) His dishonest behaviour came under severe censure.
(3) He could face censure from his colleagues.
censure[ˈsenʃə(r)]
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n.指责,谴责;责备;斥责;
vt.指责;谴责;责备;批评;
vi.谴责,责备;
n.运河,沟渠;管道;气管;食道;
vt.建运河;疏导;
n.妒忌,猜忌;戒备,小心提防;
vt.居住;在…出现;填满;
vi.居住;
(1) improvements to the bus service
(2) This is a great improvement on your previous work.
(3) a slight/steady improvement
improvement[ɪmˈpru:vmənt]
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n.帝国,帝国领土;帝权,君权,最高统治权;大企业组织;
adj.新古典风格的;
n.改进,改善,改良,增进,进步;(美)装修,改良措施;利用,活用;更优秀的人,更进步的人;
vt.& vi.打听,询问;查究;
n.大理石;大理石制品;弹子游戏;理智,常识;
adj.大理石的;冷酷无情的;有大理石花纹的;
v.把(书边)弄上大理石花纹;
(1) I like that part of Cape Town...
(2) Respect is a very important part of any relationship.
(3) ...spare parts for military equipment...
part[pɑ:t]
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n.部分;零件;作用;角色;
vt.使分裂;拆移;使分开;
vi.分开;分离;分岔;
adv.不完全地,部分地;
adj.不完全的,部分的;
n.配对物;副本;相对物;极相似的人或物;
vt.[法]确认,批准;证实;使有效;使巩固;
adj.优越的;杰出的;例外的;独特的;
n.超常的学生;
(1) an art/a picture gallery
(2) the National gallery
(3) Relatives of the victim watched from the public gallery as the murder charge was read out in court.
gallery[ˈgæləri]
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n.宫,宫殿;(主教)邸宅,宏伟大厦;华丽的娱乐场所;
n.<美>小木屋;客舱;(轮船上工作或生活的)隔间;
vt.把…关在小屋里;使受拘束;
vi.住在小屋里;
n.画廊,走廊;(教堂,议院等的)边座;旁听席;大批观众;
n.努力,尝试;工作;成就;杰作;
(1) a senior officer/manager/lecturer, etc.
(2) a senior partner in a law firm
(3) a senior post/position
senior[ˈsi:niə(r)]
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adj.(级别、地位等)较高的;资深的;年长的;<美>最高年级的;
n.上级;<美>毕业班学生;较年长者;地位较高的,资历较深的;
n.例子,实例;情况;要求,建议;[法]诉讼手续;
vt.举…为例;
n.液体;流音;
adj.液体的;清澈的;(声音)流畅的;易转换成现款的;
vt.表达;快递;
adj.明确的;迅速的;专门的;
n.快车;快车;专使;捷运公司;
adv.乘快车;用快递方式;
(1) We've certainly improved on last year's figures.
(2) I need to improve my French.
(3) to improve standards
improve[ɪmˈpru:v]
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vt.提高(土地、地产)的价值;利用(机会);改善,改良;
vi.变得更好;改进,改善;
adj.有礼貌的;有教养的,文雅的;上流社会的;应酬的,客套的;
adj.法律的;合法的;法定的;法律(上)的;
n.法定权利;依法必须登报的声明;
v.使结合;使化合;兼有;用联合收割机收割;n.联合;联合收割机;联合集团;组合艺术品(由画,拼贴和构成派雕塑等拼凑而成的艺术品);
(1) the Lord mayor of London
(2) the mayor of New York
(3) mayor Bob Anderson
mayor[mɛə]
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n.市长;镇长;(英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰由议员选举产生的)镇长;(民选的)市长;
vt.吸引;诱惑;引起…的好感(或兴趣);
vi.具有吸引力;引人注意;
n.结果,成果;[逻]结论;重要性;推论;
vt.& vi.连接;联结;加入;参加;
vt.结合;参与;上(火车、飞机等);上(路);
n.连接;结合;接合处;接合点;
(1) surgical/optical/precision, etc. instruments
(2) instruments of torture
(3) Is he learning an instrument?
instrument[ˈɪnstrəmənt]
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n.暂时的停顿;犹豫;(诗中)节奏的停顿;[乐]延长号;
vi.暂停,中止;逗留,停滞;(按暂停键)暂停放音;犹豫;
n.仪器;手段,工具;乐器;法律文件;
vt.用仪器装备;为演奏谱曲;向…提交文书;
n.局;(提供某方面信息的)办事处;(美国政府部门)局;(附抽屉及活动写字台的)书桌;
n.腐烂,腐朽;
vt.& vi.(使)腐烂,(使)腐朽;
(1) You scared me.
(2) It scared me to think I was alone in the building.
(3) He doesn't scare easily.
scare[skeə]
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vt.使惊恐,惊吓;使害怕,使恐惧;把…吓跑;
vi.受惊吓;感到害怕;
n.惊恐,惊吓;恐惧;恐慌;
adj.骇人的,令人恐惧的;引起恐慌的;用以吓唬人的;
vt.供给;补充;弥补(缺陷、损失等);向…提供(物资等);
n.供给物;储备物质;粮食;
vi.暂代他人职务;
adj.有男子气概的;适合男子的;强壮的;
adv.以男人的方式;
adj.很多的,许多的;数量庞大的数量庞大的;数不清的;
(1) It's a long grind to the top of that particular profession.
(2) the daily grind of family life
(3) She grinds out romantic novels at the rate of five a year.
grind[graɪnd]
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vt.& vi.磨碎,嚼碎;折磨;
vt.磨快,磨光;咬牙;
vi.嘎吱嘎吱地擦;
n.碾,磨;苦差事,苦活儿;〈美〉刻苦用功的学生;研细的程度;
n.特征,特点;容貌,面貌;(期刊的)特辑;故事片;
vt.使有特色;描写…的特征;以…为号召物;
vi.起主要作用;作重要角色;
n.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;
vi.感到妒忌;显示出妒忌;
adj.基本的;初级的;[化]元素的;初等;
(1) They behave differently when you're not around.
(2) Will you kids just behave!
(3) She doesn't know how to behave in public.
behave[bɪˈheɪv]
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n.步枪;来福枪;
vt.& vi.快速搜寻;匆忙翻找 ;偷窃;盗取;
n.装置,设备;方法;策略;手段;
n.职业,专业;同行;宣称;信念,信仰;
vi.表现;举止端正;自然反应;
vt.使守规矩;
(1) In the end the contrary was proved true: he was innocent and she was guilty.
(2) ‘It must have been terrible. ’ ‘On the contrary, I enjoyed every minute. ’
(3) I don't find him funny at all. Quite the contrary.
contrary[kənˈtreəri]
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adj.相反的;违反的,反对的;对立的;顽固的,任性的;
n.对立或相反的事物;对立方;[逻]反对命题;
adv.相反地,矛盾地;
n.招待,邀请;请柬,请帖;引诱,吸引,诱惑;
n.工资名单;工资总支出,工薪总额;
vt.& vi.区分,区别,辨别;
vi.区别对待;
vt.表明…间的差别,构成…间差别的特征;[数学] 求…的微分:计算导数或(函数的)微分;
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