背单词v3

(1) There is a need for greater diversity and choice in education.
(2) the biological diversity of the rainforests
(3) a great/wide/rich diversity of opinion

diversity
[daɪˈvɜ:səti]
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n.多样化，（人在种族、民族、宗教等方面的）多样性；差异；分歧；

v.使（某事物）制度化( institutionalize的过去式和过去分词)；将（某人）收容在社会福利机构；

轮流，交换；相间；

adj.闷热的，不通气的；古板的，保守的；枯燥无味的；一本正经的；

(1) Mozambique became independent in 1975.
(2) an independent inquiry/witness
(3) She went to a lawyer for some independent advice .

independent
[ˌɪndɪˈpendənt]
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vt.散布，散置；点缀；

n.暴徒；犯罪团伙，黑手党；民众，乌合之众；〈美俚〉匪帮，一群罪犯；
vt.聚众包围；大举包围，围攻；蜂拥进入；

adj.自主的；不相关连的；无党派的；不相干的人所做的（或提供的）；
n.独立自主的人；无党派人士；

n.糖浆，糖汁；糖浆类药品；甜蜜的情感；果汁，甜汁；

(1) Cuba gained independence from Spain in 1898.
(2) independence celebrations
(3) the first elections since independence

independence
[ˌɪndɪˈpendəns]
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n.泰然自若；自信；体态；姿态；
vt.使平衡；保持（某种姿势）；抓紧；使稳定；

n.独立，自主；足够维持闭居生活的收入；独立心；自恃心；

n.统计，统计学，统计法，统计资料；统计数字；“statistic”的复数；

vt.预报，预测；预示；
vi.预报，预测；
n.预报；预言；

(1) The Church became increasingly identified with opposition to the regime.
(2) You should not identify wealth with happiness.
(3) He was not the ‘tough guy ’ the public identified him with.

identify
[aɪˈdentɪfaɪ]
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adj.无害的，不致伤的；没有受到损失或免于法律责任的；

vt.识别，认出；确定；使参与；把…看成一样；
vi.确定；认同；

n.（潜泳者或潜水艇的）水下通气管；[消防]高空作业车，按展臂方式分为直臂式和曲臂式，按功能分为高空洒水车和高空救援车。；
vi.使用水下呼吸管潜游；

vt.使发展；使进化；设计，制订出；发出，散发；
vi.发展；[生]通过进化进程发展或发生；

(1) The disease is thought to have originated in the tropics.
(2) Locke originated this theory in the 17th century.
(3) The disease originated in Africa...

originate
[əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt]
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vi.参加某事；分享某事；
vt.得到或接受某部分东西；

vt.引起；创始，创作；开始，发生；发明；
vi.起源于，来自；产生；起航；

adj.沉思的；体贴的；缜密思考过的，深思熟虑的；

adj.可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的；

(1) hangover laws from the previous administration
(2) the insecure feeling that was a hangover from her childhood
(3) She woke up with a terrible hangover.

hangover
[ˈhæŋəʊvə(r)]
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vt.提出，开出；放弃，让与；报答；归还；
vi.给予补偿；熬油；
n.纳贡；（墙壁的）初涂，打底；（抹在墙上的）底灰；底层；

n.宿醉（酒后醒来的头痛和不舒服）；遗留的感觉（或风俗、习惯等）；<医>后遗症；残余物；

n.有效，合法性；效力；正确，正当；正确性；

n.麦加（沙特阿拉伯一座城市）；朝拜的地方；仰慕的目标；发源地；

(1) The building is part of our national heritage.
(2) Spain's rich cultural heritage
(3) ...the rich heritage of Russian folk music.

heritage
[ˈherɪtɪdʒ]
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n.遗产；继承物；传统；文化遗产；

adj.精通的，熟练的；

adj.场面富丽的，壮观的；引人注意的；惊动一时的；惊人的；
n.壮观的场面，精彩的表演；〈美〉一小时半以上的大场面电视节目；特大霓虹灯广告；

下（车、马等）；离开；发出；（使）入睡；

(1) an enviably mild climate
(2) He is in the enviable position of having two job offers to choose from.
(3) Japan is in the enviable position of having a budget surplus...

enviable
[ˈenviəbl]
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adv.本能地；

adj.值得羡慕的；引起妒忌的；

adj.种族的，部落的；某文化群体的；
n.少数民族的成员；

vt.& vi.代替，替换，代用；
n.代替者；替补（运动员）；替代物；[语法学]代用词；
vi.用…替代；

(1) cosmopolitan young people
(2) She's a real cosmopolitan.
(3) a cosmopolitan city/resort

cosmopolitan
[ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən]
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n.杰作，名作；杰出的事；

adj.极薄的，极微弱的；

adj.世界性的，全世界的；四海为家的；全球的；
n.世界主义者；四海为家者；

adj.后来的；随后的；作为结果而发生的；附随的；

(1) You will find a wide variety of choices available in school cafeterias.
(2) The island offers such a wide variety of scenery and wildlife.
(3) Eat a wide variety of carbs, fruit, and vegetables.

a wide variety of

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种种，多种多样；

v.捐献；促成；投稿；有助于；

adj.侵略的，侵犯的，攻势的；（美）有进取心的，积极行动的；有进取心的，有闯劲的；好争斗的，借故生端的，爱打架的，要打架的；

vt.& vi.（为…）哀悼；悲叹；悔恨；痛惜；
n.哀歌，挽歌；悲恸，恸哭；悲痛之情；悼词；

(1) to render sth harmless/useless/ineffective
(2) Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.
(3) to render a service to sb

render
[ˈrendə(r)]
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adj.牧民生活的，田园风味的，乡村风味的；
n.牧歌；田园诗；农民；牧人；

vt.提出，开出；放弃，让与；报答；归还；
vi.给予补偿；熬油；
n.纳贡；（墙壁的）初涂，打底；（抹在墙上的）底灰；底层；

adj.使人高兴的，令人兴奋的；振奋的；
v.使高兴，使兴奋( exhilarate的现在分词)；

adj.微粒的，粒子的；
n.微粒，粒子；

(1) ethnic strife/tensions/violence (= between people from different races or peoples)
(2) ethnic Albanians living in Germany
(3) ethnic clothes/jewellery/cooking

ethnic
[ˈeθnɪk]
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adj.肮脏的；质地薄的；低劣的；

adj.政治的；政党的；对政治有兴趣的；争权夺利的；

vt.改正，校正；[化]精馏；[电]整流；

adj.种族的，部落的；某文化群体的；
n.少数民族的成员；

(1) The programme did much to popularize little-known writers.
(2) He spent his life popularizing natural history.
(3) Irving Brokaw popularized figure skating in the US.

popularize
[ˈpɒpjələraɪz]
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n.人口统计学家；

adj.有争议的，引起争议的，被争论的；好争论的；

adv.长话短说；总而言之；

vt.使受欢迎；普及；使通俗化；使流行；

(1) This is a film which seems to hail from the hippie era.
(2) I hail from Brighton.
(3) The band hail from Glasgow.

hail from
[heil frɔm]
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在前头；预先，事先；提前；先期；

自…来，是（某地方的）人；

adj.可伸出的，可延展的；

vi.倾倒；摇摇欲坠；倾斜得好倾斜得好像要跌倒一样；
vt.将…推翻，打倒；使…跌倒；

(1) Her voice is child-like, with a West Country lilt.
(2) Her voice had a soft Welsh lilt to it.
(3) Sastri's speech was cultured and precise, with a Pakistan lilt.

lilt
[lɪlt]
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大量的；许多；

vt.引出，探出；诱出（回答等）；

v.唱轻快的调子，轻快地动；
n.轻快活泼的调子，轻快的动作；

adj.迂回的，曲折的；不光明正大的，不正直的；不坦诚的，狡猾的；不正当；

(1) Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations.
(2) Originally the intention was to intersperse the historical scenes with modern ones.
(3) ...skillfully interspersing jokes and gossipy anecdotes among his instructions.

intersperse
[ˌɪntəˈspɜ:s]
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adv.聚精会神地；周到地；谛；凝神；

各种各样的；

vt.散布，散置；点缀；

vt.& vi.（使）发出格格的响声，（使）作嘎嘎声；喋喋不休地说话；
vi.迅速而嘎嘎作响地移动，堕下或走动；
vt.使紧张，使恐惧；给（桅索）扎梯绳；
n.嘎嘎声；发出嘎嘎声的儿童玩具；呼噜声；音响构造；

(1) Bob Marley provided them with their first taste of reggae music.
(2) Their music is a cross of reggae with hip hop.
(3) Bob Marley is the most well known singer of reggae music.

reggae
[ˈregeɪ]
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n.稳定的进程；要旨；男高音；票据的限期；
adj.男高音的；

n.瑞格舞（西印度群岛的一种舞蹈及舞曲）；

vt.改变；改观；变换；
vi.改变；
n.[数]变换式；

n.祖先，祖宗；

(1) The shop sells a great variety of porcelain ware.
(2) It linked mathematics with a great variety of practical applications.
(3) a great variety of crops are likewise grown successfully on these plots.

a great variety of

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博士学位；

vt.释放；放开；发布；发行；
n.释放，排放，解除；释放令；公映的新影片，发布的新闻[消息]；

n.计算；账目；船只位置的推算；（尤指体育运动）属于可能胜出者行列之内；
v.<正>计算( reckon的现在分词)；猜想；考虑；<非正>思忖；

各种各样的；

(1) a viable option/proposition
(2) There is no viable alternative .
(3) to be commercially/politically/financially/economically viable

viable
[ˈvaɪəbl]
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adj.切实可行的；能养活的；能自行生产发育的；有望实现的；

adj.壮观的，豪华的；极好的或令人满意的；闪亮的；为众人所推崇的；

adj.重要的，主要的；前列的；首位的；
n.行距；铅框；
v.领导(lead的ing形式)；

vt.以朋友的方式对待；帮助；照顾；

(1) She managed to cling on to life for another couple of years.
(2) survivors clinging to a raft
(3) She clung on to her baby.

cling
[klɪŋ]
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[医]高密度；

adj.有意识的，神志清醒的；自觉的，有意的；（痛苦，感情，冷气等）感觉得到的；同“self-conscious“；

n.初学者，新手；新信徒；尚未赢过大赛的赛马；

vi.附着于，紧贴；抓紧或抱住；坚持；沿（岸）前进，贴着（墙）走；
vt.依恋，依附于；

(1) We have to discover his plans and act accordingly.
(2) The cost of materials rose sharply last year. accordingly, we were forced to increase our prices.
(3) It is a difficult job and they should be paid accordingly...

accordingly
[əˈkɔ:dɪŋli]
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adv.因此，于是；依据；照着，相应地；

adj.西班牙的；西班牙和葡萄牙的；西班牙及其他说西班牙语国家的；拉丁美洲的；

在另一方面；

adj.简单的；不复杂的；[医]无合并症的；

(1) He is in custody awaiting trial .
(2) Her latest novel is eagerly awaited.
(3) A warm welcome awaits all our guests.

await
[əˈweɪt]
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n.父亲的身份[地位]；

vt.& vi.（鱼、蛙等）大量产（卵）；引起，酿成；
vt.大量生产；
n.（鱼、蛙等的）子，卵；（裂殖菌类植物的）丝，菌；产物，结果；

vt.等候；等待；期待；

adj.（动物）多鳞的；（皮肤）干燥粗糙的；鳞片状；

(1) The race organizers are trying to attract sponsors.
(2) I'm collecting sponsors for next week's charity run.
(3) the sponsor of the new immigration bill

sponsor
[ˈspɒnsə(r)]
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n.发起者，主办者；担保者；倡议者，提案人；后援组织；
vt.赞助；

vt.汇编；编辑；编制；编译；

adj.河边的，水滨的；河岸拥有人；

n.保存；保护；避免浪费；对自然环境的保护；

(1) Who knows that troubles lie in store for you?
(2) To take cover or lie in or as if in a kennel.
(3) The future of agriculture will eventually lie in bioengineering and other highly advanced technologies.

lie in
[lai in]
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在于；位于；躺在；分娩；

adj.对…有害的；能造成损害的；不利；不良；

实施，实行；

adj.乡下的，农村的；田园的；地方的；农业的；

(1) Season with salt and pepper
(2) freshly ground pepper
(3) peppered steak

pepper
[ˈpepə(r)]
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adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛应用；普及的；

adj.离奇的；奇特的（指态度，容貌，款式等）；奇怪的；奇幻；

adj.终年的，长久的；多年生的；不断生长的；四季不断的；
n.多年生植物；长期存在的；

n.胡椒；辣椒；胡椒粉；
vt.在…上撒胡椒粉；使布满；

(1) Shortly after my arrival at the school, I was befriended by an older girl.
(2) The film's about an elderly woman and a young nurse who befriends her...
(3) On the aeroplane I was befriended by a delightful German woman.

befriend
[bɪˈfrend]
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vt.以朋友的方式对待；帮助；照顾；

n.计数；计算；（英国以外的）伯爵；
vt.计算，计数，清点；认为，算为；点…的数目；指望，期待，依赖；
vi.计数；有价值；有价值；算得上；

n.存货清单；财产目录，财产目录的编制；存货总值；清查；
vt.编制…的目录；开列…的清单；盘存；总结；

adj.无能力的；不胜任的；不适当的；
n.无能者；不胜任者；

(1) a vibrant city
(2) Thailand is at its most vibrant during the New Year celebrations.
(3) The room was decorated in vibrant reds and yellows.

vibrant
[ˈvaɪbrənt]
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v.知道，了解；
n.机智；头脑；理解；悟性；
adj.有见识的，懂实际知识的，通情达理的；

vt.追上，赶上；压倒；（不愉快的事）突然降临；

vt.压破，压碎；镇压；弄皱；挤榨，榨出；
vi.挤；被压碎，被起皱；
n.粉碎，被压碎的状态；（特指女子对男性的）迷恋；拥挤的人群；果汁饮料；

adj.振动的；响亮的；充满生气的；

(1) Jerky word is to be short of calcium likely.
(2) Dot disposition is stubborn compare muddy, what vitamin be short of?
(3) be short of human resource and training organization in this channel, etc.

be short of
[bi: ʃɔ:t ɔv]
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adj.洪水的，大变动的；

比分奋起直追；东山再起；卷土重来；

adj.[医]压碎的，粉碎的；
v.压碎，压坏( crush的过去式和过去分词 )；破坏；镇压；榨；

缺；缺少；缺乏；悭；

(1) He was a contemporary of Freud and may have known him.
(2) She and I were contemporaries at college.
(3) life in contemporary Britain

contemporary
[kənˈtemprəri]
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记住；怀；挂心；志；

adj.当代的，现代的；同时代的，同属一个时期的；
n.同代人；同辈人；同龄人；当代人；

n.（强烈的）倾向，爱好，嗜好；

n.艺术级的；
adj.（科技、机电等产品）最先进的，最高级的；最新型的，顶尖水准的，使用了最先进技术的；

(1) They each received a legacy of $5 000.
(2) Future generations will be left with a legacy of pollution and destruction.
(3) You could make a real difference to someone's life by leaving them a generous legacy.

legacy
[ˈlegəsi]
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n.公开辩论；论战；

vt.诱惑；怂恿；

adj.潜在的，有可能的；[语法学]可能语气的，表示可能性的；有能力的；
n.潜力，潜能；[物]电位，势能；潜能的事物；[语]可能语气；

n.遗产；遗赠；

(1) The quality of Smallbone furniture is unsurpassed.
(2) ...the Hamburg weekly, surely unsurpassed in the world for its intellectual range and quality.
(3) They showed unsurpassed bravery in battle.

unsurpassed

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vi.侵犯；侵占；蚕食；侵蚀；
vt.侵入，侵犯；侵略，侵占；侵害；侵蚀；

adj.未被凌驾的，非常卓越的；绝伦；

n.讽刺作家；

vt.洒，撒；把液体或颗粒洒在…上；散置；撒布，使散布；
vi.洒，撒；落下；
n.洒的动作；小雨；少量；

(1) The coast is a mecca for tourists.
(2) He was on his annual pilgrimage to mecca when he fell ill.
(3) Many people go on a pilgrimage to mecca or Jerusalem.

mecca
[ˈmekə]
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n.运动；游戏；娱乐；运动会；
vt.& vi.炫耀，给人看，玩弄；
vi.游戏；
vt.游戏；参加体育运动；夸耀；
adj.运动的；

n.麦加（沙特阿拉伯一座城市）；朝拜的地方；仰慕的目标；发源地；

adj.结构复杂的；混乱的，麻烦的；
v.使复杂化( complicate的过去式)；

显露，为大家所周知；东窗事发；

(1) Any investment involves an element of risk.
(2) Many of the crimes involved drugs.
(3) The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.

involve
[inˈvɔlv]
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adj.当代的，现代的；同时代的，同属一个时期的；
n.同代人；同辈人；同龄人；当代人；

vt.包含；使参与，牵涉；围绕，缠绕；使专心于；

n.义务，责任；证券，契约；债务；恩惠；

由…起源；取自；

(1) Examples abound in modern texts.
(2) Most of her poems abound in imagery.
(3) Poems and essays alike abound in neat turns of phrase, and epigrams that are immediately pleasing.

abound in
[əˈbaund in]
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vt.（音乐的）切分；词中省略，中略；

n.独立，自主；足够维持闭居生活的收入；独立心；自恃心；

n.咕哝，发牢骚；低声的抱怨；低声说话；
vt.& vi.小声说；
vi.发出连续而低沉的声音；私下抱怨；

v.富于；盛产；

(1) The old man was showing unmistakable signs of senility.
(2) He didn't give his name, but the voice was unmistakable.
(3) Her accent was unmistakable.

unmistakable
[ˌʌnmɪˈsteɪkəbl]
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adj.不会弄错的，不会误解的；

n.快乐，高兴；使人高兴的东西或人；
vt.使高兴，使欣喜；
vi.感到高兴[快乐]；

vt.表明，标示，指示；象征，暗示，预示；[医]显示需要做…的治疗；

不管，不顾；无；不拘；

(1) All carbohydrates originate from plants.
(2) All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
(3) The Geminides originate from mysterious 3200 Phaethon , which is an asteroid.

originate from
[əˈridʒineit frɔm]
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来自…，源于…；起源；

adj.胁迫的；险恶的；凶兆的；（天气等）要变坏的；
v.恐吓；威胁；预示（某事）(threaten的现在分词)；

n.陆地动物饲养所，玻璃容器；

vt.使恼怒；使恶化；使加剧；

(1) He hopes one day to surpass the world record.
(2) Its success has surpassed all expectations .
(3) Her cooking was always good, but this time she had surpassed herself (= done better than her own high standards) .

surpass
[səˈpɑ:s]
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n.硕士学位；

vt.使协调；<音>调音；

n.芦笋，芦笋的茎；天冬；

vt.超过；优于；胜过；非…所能办到；

(1) He was an O'Conor and a direct descendant of the last High King of Ireland.
(2) Many of them are descendants of the original settlers.
(3) They are descendants of the original English and Scottish settlers.

descendant
[dɪˈsendənt]
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n.后代；后裔；（由过去类似物发展来的）派生物；弟子；
adj.下降的；祖传的；

n.球场；程度；沥青；树脂；倾斜；
vt.用沥青涂；扔，投；树起，搭起；定位于；
vi.抛，扔；[棒球]当投手；搭帐篷；向前跌或冲；

vt.迷住，吸引住；使感到非常愉快；

adj.不慎重的；轻率的；不明智的；不警觉的；

(1) The larger artificial lakes abound with birds and wildlife.
(2) Asia Hollywood is a scenic movie studio abound with photo opportunities.
(3) Freshly cut grass abound with hints of tropical fruit characters.

abound with
[əˈbaund wið]
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n.妇女连衣裙的上身，妇女紧身马甲，妇女紧身胸衣；

邻近，接界；近乎；接壤；濒；

v.充满；

n.岩石，石头；摇滚乐；棒糖；<非正式>宝石（尤指钻石）；
v.摇晃；摇动；震动；
vi.演奏摇滚乐；随摇滚乐起舞；

(1) Stories about his travels abound.
(2) The lakes abound with fish.
(3) Stories abound about when he was in charge...

abound
[əˈbaʊnd]
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n.半透明；半透澈度；

把…记下来；

adj.深远的，广泛的，深至远处的；

vi.丰富，盛产；非常多，大量存在；充满；